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I'm working on an Azure Ubuntu VM

root@dalil:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 1.7G 8.0K 1.7G 1% /dev
tmpfs 345M 392K 344M 1% /run
/dev/sda1 79G 18G 58G 24% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 1.7G 0 1.7G 0% /run/shm
none 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
none 64K 0 64K 0% /etc/network/interfaces.dynamic.d
/dev/sdb1 59G 52M 56G 1% /mnt

this is the result of the df command
what I want to do is to extend / with the space of the partition mounted on mnt
and if it is not possible does the space in mnt can be used by the system I mean when installing packages or other operations

I'm not sure about your intention, so I'll give two answers. First, I know you are working on Azure and I'm not familiar with that platform. However on AWS, the /mnt partition is ephemeral storage. That is, it gets erased when you reboot.

However, let's assume it's not that way on Azure. The first answer is "no" You can't extend the root partition with the space on /mnt. You may mean that you want to grow the root volume to a larger size. This is a fairly straightforward exercise and the 1st hit on Google is this one.

The second answer is "kinda sorta". You can create a new directory on the / partition, call it whatever you want (/extended or whatever) and then mount /dev/sdb1 at that mount point. There's a number of ways to do this but there's thousands of writeups on Google.

To extent the root partition, you need to increase the OS disk size from the Azure Portal.

Follow the following steps from the Azure Portal:

• Go to the VM Overview pane and click on Stop to stop the VM


• Once the VM is stopped, go to the Disks pane


• Click on the OS disk link


• Enter the new size in the Size text box and click on Save
  


• Once the operation is completed, go back to the VM Overview pane and click on Start
  

Ubuntu will automatically resize the root partition.

Note that /dev/sdb1 is a temporary disk, any data stored on this drive is subject to loss and there is no way to recover it, so you should not use it to store important data.