4 × 400 metres relay
Athletics 4 × 400 metres relay | |
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![]() 4 × 400 m men relay at the European Championships in Barcelona 2010 (Martyn Rooney (GBR), Thomas Schneider (GER), Kacper Kozłowski (POL), Jonathan Borlée (BEL), Vladimir Krasnov (RUS), Teddy Venel (FRA)) | |
Men's records | |
World | ![]() |
Olympic | ![]() |
Women's records | |
World | ![]() |
Olympic | ![]() |
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. At top class events, the first 500 metres is run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay was formerly run British and American meetings, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
Relay race runners typically carry a relay baton which they must transfer between teammates. Runners have a 20 m box (usually marked with blue lines) in which to transfer the baton. The first transfer is made within the staggered lane lines; for the second and third transfers, runners typically line up across the track despite the fact that runners are usually running in line on the inside of the track. This prevents confusion and collisions during transfer. Unlike the 4 × 100 m relay, runners in the 4 × 400 typically look back and grasp the baton from the incoming runner, due to the fatigue of the incoming runner, and the wider margins allowed by the longer distance of the race. Consequently, disqualification is rare.
As runners have a running start, split times cannot be compared to individual 400 m performances. Internationally, the U.S. men's team has dominated the event, but have been challenged by Jamaica in the 1950s and Britain in the 1990s. The current men's Olympic champions are from the United States.
According to the IAAF rules, world records in relays can only be set if all team members have the same nationality.
Mixed-gendered 4 × 400 metres relays were introduced at the 2017 IAAF World Relays, but the IAAF has yet to recognize any world records in that event.
Contents
1 Records
2 All-time top 25 fastest
2.1 Men
2.2 Women
3 Olympic medalists
3.1 Men
3.2 Women
4 World Championship medalists
4.1 Men
4.2 Women
5 European Championship medalists
6 World Indoor Championships medalists
6.1 Men
6.2 Women
7 Notable splits
7.1 Men
7.2 Women
8 External links
9 Notes and references
Records
Men's Outdoor World Record[1] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Members | Venue | Date | Time |
![]() | Andrew Valmon, Quincy Watts, Butch Reynolds, Michael Johnson | Stuttgart, Germany | 22 August 1993 | 2:54.29 |
Note: On 12 August 2008, the IAAF rescinded a time of 2:54.20 set by the USA (Jerome Young, Antonio Pettigrew, Tyree Washington, Michael Johnson) at Uniondale on 22 July 1998 after Pettigrew admitted to using human growth hormone and EPO between 1997 and 2003.[2]
Men's Indoor World Record | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Members | Venue | Date | Time |
![]() | Karol Zalewski, Rafał Omelko, Łukasz Krawczuk, Jakub Krzewina | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 4 March 2018 | 3:01.77 |
Note: A time of 3:00.77 by the USC runners (Zach Shinnick, Rai Benjamin, Ricky Morgan Jr., Michael Norman) at the 2018 NCAA Division I Championship was rejected as a record as Benjamin was a citizen of Antigua & Barbuda while the others are US citizens. US runners Ilolo Izu, Robert Grant, Devin Dixon, Mylik Kerley recorded a 3:01.39 at the same race, probably also unable for record proposes.[3]
Women's Outdoor World Record | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Members | Venue | Date | Time |
![]() | Tatyana Ledovskaya (BLR), Olga Nazarova (RUS), Mariya Pinigina (UKR), Olga Bryzgina (UKR) | Seoul, Korea | 1 October 1988 | 3:15.17 |
Women's Indoor World Record | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Members | Venue | Date | Time |
![]() | Yuliya Gushchina, Olga Kotlyarova, Olga Zaytseva, Olesya Krasnomovets | Glasgow, Scotland | 27 January 2006 | 3:23.37 |
All-time top 25 fastest
Men
- Correct as of August 2017.[4]
Rank | Time | Team | Nation | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2:54.29 | Andrew Valmon, Quincy Watts, Butch Reynolds, Michael Johnson | ![]() | 22 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |
2 | 2:55.39 | LaShawn Merritt, Angelo Taylor, David Neville, Jeremy Wariner | ![]() | 23 August 2008 | Beijing | |
3 | 2:55.56 | LaShawn Merritt, Angelo Taylor, Darold Williamson, Jeremy Wariner | ![]() | 2 September 2007 | Osaka | |
4 | 2:55.74 | Andrew Valmon, Quincy Watts, Michael Johnson, Steve Lewis | ![]() | 8 August 1992 | Barcelona | |
5 | 2:55.91 | Otis Harris, Derrick Brew, Jeremy Wariner, Darold Williamson | ![]() | 28 August 2004 | Athens | |
6 | 2:55.99 | LaMont Smith, Alvin Harrison, Derek Mills, Anthuan Maybank | ![]() | 3 August 1996 | Atlanta | |
7 | 2:56.16 A | Vincent Matthews, Ron Freeman, Larry James, Lee Evans | ![]() | 20 October 1968 | Cuidad de Mexico | |
2:56.16 | Danny Everett, Steve Lewis, Kevin Robinzine, Harry Reynolds | ![]() | 1 October 1988 | Seoul | ||
9 | 2:56.60 | Iwan Thomas, Jamie Baulch, Mark Richardson, Roger Black | ![]() | 3 August 1996 | Atlanta | |
10 | 2:56.65 | Iwan Thomas, Roger Black, Jamie Baulch, Mark Richardson | ![]() | 10 August 1997 | Athens | |
11 | 2:56.72 | Chris Brown, Demetrius Pinder, Michael Mathieu, Ramon Miller | ![]() | 10 August 2012 | London | |
12 | 2:56.75 | Michael McDonald, Gregory Haughton, Danny McFarlane, Davian Clarke | ![]() | 10 August 1997 | Athens | |
13 | 2:56.91 | Andrew Rock, Derrick Brew, Darold Williamson, Jeremy Wariner | ![]() | 14 August 2005 | Helsinki | |
14 | 2:57.05 | Bryshon Nellum, Joshua Mance, Tony McQuay, Angelo Taylor | ![]() | 10 August 2012 | London | |
15 | 2:57.25 | David Verburg, Tony McQuay, Christian Taylor, LaShawn Merritt | ![]() | 25 May 2014 | Nassau | |
16 | 2:57.29 | Danny Everett, Roddie Haley, Antonio McKay, Harry Reynolds | ![]() | 6 September 1987 | Rome | |
17 | 2:57.30 | Arman Hall, Tony McQuay, Gil Roberts, LaShawn Merritt | ![]() | 20 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | |
18 | 2:57.32 | Marlon Ramsey, Derek Mills, Harry Reynolds, Michael Johnson | ![]() | 13 August 1995 | Gothenburg | |
2:57.32 | Nathaniel McKinney, Avard Moncur, Andrae Williams, Chris Brown | ![]() | 14 August 2005 | Helsinki | ||
20 | 2:57.53 | Roger Black, Derek Redmond, John Regis, Kriss Akabusi | ![]() | 1 September 1991 | Tokyo | |
21 | 2:57.57 | Andrew Valmon, Quincy Watts, Danny Everett, Antonio Pettigrew | ![]() | 1 September 1991 | Tokyo | |
22 | 2:57.59 | LaToy Williams, Demetrius Pinder, Chris Brown, Michael Mathieu | ![]() | 25 May 2014 | Nassau | |
23 | 2:57.82 | David Verburg, Tony McQuay, Bryshon Nellum, LaShawn Merritt | ![]() | 30 August 2015 | Beijing | |
24 | 2:57.86 | Angelo Taylor, Jeremy Wariner, Kerron Clement, LaShawn Merritt | ![]() | 23 August 2009 | Berlin | |
25 | 2:57.87 | LaMont Smith, Jason Rouser, Derek Mills, Anthuan Maybank | ![]() | 2 August 1996 | Atlanta |
Women
- Correct as of August 2017.[5]
Rank | Time | Team | Nation | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3:15.17 | Tatyana Ledovskaya, Olga Nazarova, Mariya Pinigina, Olga Bryzgina | ![]() | 1 October 1988 | Seoul | |
2 | 3:15.51 | Denean Howard-Hill, Diane Dixon, Valerie Brisco-Hooks, Florence Griffith-Joyner | ![]() | |||
3 | 3:15.92 | Gesine Walther, Sabine Busch, Dagmar Rübsam-Neubauer, Marita Koch | ![]() | 3 June 1984 | Erfurt | |
4 | 3:16.71 | Gwen Torrence, Maicel Malone-Wallace, Natasha Kaiser-Brown, Jearl Miles-Clark | ![]() | 22 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |
5 | 3:16.87 | Kirsten Emmelmann, Sabine Busch, Petra Müller, Marita Koch | ![]() | 31 August 1986 | Stuttgart | |
Deedee Trotter, Allyson Felix, Francena McCorory, Sanya Richards-Ross | ![]() | 11 August 2012 | London | |||
7 | 3:17.83 | Debbie Dunn, Allyson Felix, Lashinda Demus, Sanya Richards-Ross | ![]() | 23 August 2009 | Berlin | |
8 | 3:18.09 | Sanya Richards-Ross, Allyson Felix, Jessica Beard, Francena McCorory | ![]() | 3 September 2011 | Daegu | |
9 | 3:18.29 | Lillie Leatherwood, Sherri Howard, Valerie Brisco-Hooks, Chandra Cheeseborough | ![]() | 11 August 1984 | Los Angeles | |
Dagmar Rübsam-Neubauer, Kirsten Emmelmann, Sabine Busch, Petra Müller | ![]() | 1 October 1988 | Seoul | |||
11 | 3:18.38 | Yelena Ruzina, Tatyana Alekseyeva, Margarita Khromova-Ponomaryova, Irina Privalova | ![]() | 22 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |
12 | 3:18.43 | Tatyana Ledovskaya, Lyudmila Dzhigalova, Olga V. Nazarova.Olga Bryzgina | ![]() | 1 September 1991 | Tokyo | |
13 | 3:18.54 | Mary Wineberg, Allyson Felix, Monique Henderson, Sanya Richards-Ross | ![]() | 23 August 2008 | Beijing | |
14 | 3:18.55 | Deedee Trotter, Allyson Felix, Monique Henderson, Sanya Richards-Ross | ![]() | 2 September 2007 | Osaka | |
15 | 3:18.58 | Irina Nazarova, Nadezhda Olizarenko, Mariya Kulchunova-Pinigina, Olga Vladykina-Bryzgina | ![]() | 18 August 1985 | Moscow | |
16 | 3:18.63 | Dagmar Rübsam-Neubauer, Kirsten Emmelmann, Petra Müller, Sabine Busch | ![]() | 6 September 1987 | Rome | |
17 | 3:18.71 | Rosemarie Whyte, Davita Prendergast, Novlene Williams-Mills, Shericka Williams | ![]() | 3 September 2011 | Deagu | |
18 | 3:19.01 | Deedee Trotter, Monique Henderson, Sanya Richards-Ross, Monique Hennagan | ![]() | 28 August 2004 | Athens | |
19 | 3:19.02 | Quanera Hayes, Allyson Felix, Shakima Wimbley, Phyllis Francis | ![]() | 13 August 2017 | London | [6] |
20 | 3:19.04 | Kirsten Emmelmann, Sabine Busch, Dagmar Rübsam-Neubauer, Marita Koch | ![]() | 11 September 1982 | Athens | |
Courtney Okolo, Natasha Hastings, Phyllis Francis, Allyson Felix | ![]() | 20 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | |||
22 | 3:19.12 | Irina Baskakova, Irina Nazarova, Mariya Kulchunova-Pinigina, Olga Vladykina-Bryzgina | ![]() | 18 August 1984 | Praha | |
23 | 3:19.13 | Christine Day, Shericka Jackson, Stephenie Ann McPherson, Novlene Williams-Mills | ![]() | 30 August 2015 | Beijing | |
24 | 3:19.23 | Doris Maletzki, Briggite Köhn, Ellen Streidt, Christina Lathan | ![]() | 31 July 1976 | Montreal | |
25 | 3:19.39 | Phyllis Francis, Natasha Hastings, Sanya Richards-Ross, Francena McCorory | ![]() | 3 May 2015 | Nassau |
Olympic medalists
Men
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1912 Stockholm | ![]() Mel Sheppard Edward Lindberg Ted Meredith Charles Reidpath | ![]() Charles Lelong Robert Schurrer Pierre Failliot Charles Poulenard | ![]() George Nicol Ernest Henley James Soutter Cyril Seedhouse |
1920 Antwerp | ![]() Cecil Griffiths Robert Lindsay John Ainsworth-Davis Guy Butler | ![]() Henry Dafel Clarence Oldfield Jack Oosterlaak Bevil Rudd | ![]() Géo André Gaston Féry Maurice Delvart André Devaux |
1924 Paris | ![]() Commodore Cochran Alan Helffrich Oliver MacDonald William Stevenson | ![]() Artur Svensson Erik Byléhn Gustaf Wejnarth Nils Engdahl | ![]() Edward Toms George Renwick Richard Ripley Guy Butler |
1928 Amsterdam | ![]() George Baird Emerson Spencer Fred Alderman Ray Barbuti | ![]() Otto Neumann Harry Werner Storz Richard Krebs Hermann Engelhard | ![]() Alex Wilson Phil Edwards Stanley Glover James Ball |
1932 Los Angeles | ![]() Ivan Fuqua Edgar Ablowich Karl Warner Bill Carr | ![]() Crew Stoneley Tommy Hampson David Burghley Godfrey Rampling | ![]() Ray Lewis James Ball Phil Edwards Alex Wilson |
1936 Berlin | ![]() Freddie Wolff Godfrey Rampling Bill Roberts Godfrey Brown | ![]() Harold Cagle Robert Young Edward O’Brien Al Fitch | ![]() Helmut Hamann Friedrich von Stülpnagel Harry Voigt Rudolf Harbig |
1948 London | ![]() Arthur Harnden Cliff Bourland Roy Cochran Mal Whitfield | ![]() Jean Kerebel Francis Schewetta Robert Chef d'Hôtel Jacques Lunis | ![]() Kurt Lundquist Lars-Erik Wolfbrandt Folke Alnevik Rune Larsson |
1952 Helsinki | ![]() Arthur Wint Leslie Laing Herb McKenley George Rhoden | ![]() Ollie Matson Gene Cole Charles Moore Mal Whitfield | ![]() Hans Geister Günther Steines Heinz Ulzheimer Karl-Friedrich Haas |
1956 Melbourne | ![]() Charles Jenkins Lou Jones Jesse Mashburn Tom Courtney | ![]() Graham Gipson Leon Gregory David Lean Kevan Gosper | ![]() Peter Higgins Michael Wheeler John Salisbury Derek Johnson |
1960 Rome | ![]() Jack Yerman Earl Young Glenn Davis Otis Davis | ![]() Hans-Joachim Reske Manfred Kinder Johannes Kaiser Carl Kaufmann | ![]() Malcolm Spence Jim Wedderburn Keith Gardner George Kerr |
1964 Tokyo | ![]() Ollan Cassell Mike Larrabee Ulis Williams Henry Carr | ![]() Tim Graham Adrian Metcalfe John Cooper Robbie Brightwell | ![]() Edwin Skinner Kent Bernard Edwin Roberts Wendell Mottley |
1968 Mexico City | ![]() Vincent Matthews Ron Freeman Larry James Lee Evans | ![]() Daniel Rudisha Munyoro Nyamau Naftali Bon Charles Asati | ![]() Helmar Müller Manfred Kinder Gerhard Hennige Martin Jellinghaus |
1972 Munich | ![]() Charles Asati Munyoro Nyamau Robert Ouko Julius Sang | ![]() Martin Reynolds Alan Pascoe David Hemery David Jenkins | ![]() Gilles Bertould Daniel Velasques Francis Kerbiriou Jacques Carette |
1976 Montreal | ![]() Herman Frazier Benny Brown Fred Newhouse Maxie Parks | ![]() Ryszard Podlas Jan Werner Zbigniew Jaremski Jerzy Pietrzyk | ![]() Franz-Peter Hofmeister Lothar Krieg Harald Schmid Bernd Herrmann |
1980 Moscow | ![]() Remigijus Valiulis Mikhail Linge Nikolay Chernetskiy Viktor Markin | ![]() Klaus Thiele Andreas Knebel Frank Schaffer Volker Beck | ![]() Stefano Malinverni Mauro Zuliani Roberto Tozzi Pietro Mennea |
1984 Los Angeles | ![]() Sunder Nix Ray Armstead Alonzo Babers Antonio McKay | ![]() Kriss Akabusi Garry Cook Todd Bennett Phil Brown | ![]() Sunday Uti Moses Ugbusien Rotimi Peters Innocent Egbunike |
1988 Seoul | ![]() Danny Everett Steve Lewis Kevin Robinzine Butch Reynolds | ![]() Howard Davis Devon Morris Winthrop Graham Bert Cameron | ![]() Norbert Dobeleit Edgar Itt Jörg Vaihinger Ralf Lübke |
1992 Barcelona | ![]() Andrew Valmon Quincy Watts Michael Johnson Steve Lewis Darnell Hall Charles Jenkins | ![]() Lázaro Martínez Héctor Herrera Norberto Téllez Roberto Hernández | ![]() Roger Black David Grindley Kriss Akabusi John Regis Du'aine Ladejo Mark Richardson |
1996 Atlanta | ![]() LaMont Smith Alvin Harrison Derek Mills Anthuan Maybank Jason Rouser | ![]() Iwan Thomas Jamie Baulch Mark Richardson Roger Black Du'aine Ladejo Mark Hylton | ![]() Michael McDonald Roxbert Martin Greg Haughton Davian Clarke Dennis Blake Garth Robinson |
2000 Sydney | ![]() Clement Chukwu Jude Monye Sunday Bada Enefiok Udo-Obong Nduka Awazie Fidelis Gadzama | ![]() Michael Blackwood Greg Haughton Christopher Williams Danny McFarlane Sanjay Ayre Michael McDonald | ![]() Avard Moncur Troy McIntosh Carl Oliver Chris Brown |
2004 Athens | ![]() Otis Harris Derrick Brew Jeremy Wariner Darold Williamson Kelly Willie Andrew Rock | ![]() John Steffensen Mark Ormrod Patrick Dwyer Clinton Hill | ![]() James Godday Musa Audu Saul Weigopwa Enefiok Udo-Obong |
2008 Beijing | ![]() LaShawn Merritt Angelo Taylor David Neville Jeremy Wariner Kerron Clement Reggie Witherspoon | ![]() Andretti Bain Michael Mathieu Andrae Williams Chris Brown Avard Moncur Ramon Miller | ![]() Martyn Rooney Andrew Steele Robert Tobin Michael Bingham |
2012 London | ![]() Chris Brown Michael Mathieu Ramon Miller Demetrius Pinder | ![]() Joshua Mance Manteo Mitchell Tony McQuay Bryshon Nellum Angelo Taylor | ![]() Ade Alleyne-Forte Lalonde Gordon Deon Lendore Jarrin Solomon |
2016 Rio | ![]() Arman Hall Tony McQuay Gil Roberts LaShawn Merritt Kyle Clemons* David Verburg* | ![]() Peter Matthews Nathon Allen Fitzroy Dunkley Javon Francis Rusheen McDonald* | ![]() Alonzo Russell Michael Mathieu Steven Gardiner Chris Brown Stephen Newbold* |
Women
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1972 Munich | ![]() Dagmar Käsling Rita Kühne Helga Seidler Monika Zehrt | ![]() Mable Fergerson Madeline Manning Cheryl Toussaint Kathy Hammond | ![]() Anette Rückes Inge Bödding Hildegard Falck Rita Wilden |
1976 Montreal | ![]() Doris Maletzki Brigitte Rohde Ellen Streidt Christina Brehmer | ![]() Debra Sapenter Sheila Ingram Pamela Jiles Rosalyn Bryant | ![]() Inta Kļimoviča Lyudmila Aksyonova Natalya Sokolova Nadezhda Ilyina |
1980 Moscow | ![]() Tatyana Prorochenko Tatyana Goyshchik Nina Zyuskova Irina Nazarova | ![]() Gabriele Löwe Barbara Krug Christina Lathan Marita Koch | ![]() Linsey MacDonald Michelle Probert Joslyn Hoyte-Smith Donna Hartley |
1984 Los Angeles | ![]() Lillie Leatherwood Sherri Howard Valerie Brisco-Hooks Chandra Cheeseborough Diane Dixon* Denean Howard* | ![]() Charmaine Crooks Jillian Richardson Molly Killingbeck Marita Payne Dana Wright* | ![]() Heike Schulte-Mattler Ute Thimm Heidi-Elke Gaugel Gaby Bußmann |
1988 Seoul | ![]() Tatyana Ledovskaya Olga Nazarova Mariya Pinigina Olga Bryzgina Lyudmila Dzhigalova* | ![]() Denean Howard Diane Dixon Valerie Brisco-Hooks Florence Griffith-Joyner Sherri Howard* Lillie Leatherwood* | ![]() Dagmar Neubauer-Rübsam Kirsten Emmelmann Sabine Busch Petra Müller Grit Breuer* |
1992 Barcelona | ![]() Yelena Ruzina Lyudmila Dzhigalova Olga Nazarova Olga Bryzgina Marina Shmonina* Liliya Nurutdinova* | ![]() Natasha Kaiser Gwen Torrence Jearl Miles Rochelle Stevens Denean Howard-Hill* Dannette Young* | ![]() Phylis Smith Sandra Douglas Jennifer Stoute Sally Gunnell |
1996 Atlanta | ![]() Rochelle Stevens Maicel Malone Kim Graham Jearl Miles Linetta Wilson* | ![]() Bisi Afolabi Fatima Yusuf Charity Opara Falilat Ogunkoya | ![]() Uta Rohländer Linda Kisabaka Anja Rücker Grit Breuer |
2000 Sydney | ![]() Jearl Miles-Clark Monique Hennagan LaTasha Colander Andrea Anderson* | ![]() Sandie Richards Catherine Scott Deon Hemmings Lorraine Graham Charmaine Howell* Michelle Burgher* | ![]() Yuliya Sotnikova Svetlana Goncharenko Olga Kotlyarova Irina Privalova Natalya Nazarova* Olesya Zykina* |
2004 Athens | ![]() DeeDee Trotter Monique Henderson Sanya Richards Monique Hennagan Moushaumi Robinson* | ![]() Olesya Krasnomovets Natalya Nazarova Olesya Zykina Natalya Antyukh Tatyana Firova* Natalya Ivanova* | ![]() Novlene Williams Michelle Burgher Nadia Davy Sandie Richards Ronetta Smith* |
2008 Beijing [a] | ![]() Mary Wineberg Allyson Felix Monique Henderson Sanya Richards Natasha Hastings* | ![]() Shericka Williams Shereefa Lloyd Rosemarie Whyte Novlene Williams Bobby-Gaye Wilkins* | ![]() Christine Ohuruogu Kelly Sotherton Marilyn Okoro Nicola Sanders |
2012 London [b] | ![]() DeeDee Trotter Allyson Felix Francena McCorory Sanya Richards-Ross Keshia Baker* Diamond Dixon* | vacant | ![]() Christine Day Rosemarie Whyte Shericka Williams Novlene Williams-Mills Shereefa Lloyd* |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | ![]() Allyson Felix Phyllis Francis Natasha Hastings Courtney Okolo Taylor Ellis-Watson* Francena McCorory* | ![]() Stephenie Ann McPherson Anneisha McLaughlin-Whilby Shericka Jackson Novlene Williams-Mills Christine Day* Chrisann Gordon* | ![]() Eilidh Doyle Anyika Onuora Emily Diamond Christine Ohuruogu Kelly Massey* |
Note: * Indicates athletes who ran in preliminary rounds and also received medals.
Note: † Indicates athlete who did not run in any rounds and also received medal.
Note: Marion Jones was stripped of all her Olympic medals in 2000. Crystal Cox was stripped of her Olympic medal in 2004, both being found guilty of doping violations. Dominique Blake was accidentally given her Olympic medal and she returned it in 2017.
World Championship medalists
Men
Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1983 Helsinki | ![]() Sergey Lovachov Aliaksandr Trashchyla Nikolay Chernetskiy Viktor Markin | ![]() Erwin Skamrahl Jörg Vaihinger Harald Schmid Hartmut Weber Martin Weppler* Edgar Nakladal* | ![]() Ainsley Bennett Garry Cook Todd Bennett Phil Brown Kriss Akabusi* |
1987 Rome | ![]() Danny Everett Roddie Haley Antonio McKay Butch Reynolds Michael Franks* Raymond Pierre* | ![]() Derek Redmond Kriss Akabusi Roger Black Phil Brown Todd Bennett* Mark Thomas* | ![]() Leandro Peñalver Agustín Pavó Lázaro Martínez Roberto Hernández |
1991 Tokyo | ![]() Roger Black Derek Redmond John Regis Kriss Akabusi Ade Mafe* Mark Richardson* | ![]() Andrew Valmon Quincy Watts Danny Everett Antonio Pettigrew Jeff Reynolds* Mark Everett* | ![]() Patrick O'Connor Devon Morris Winthrop Graham Seymour Fagan Howard Burnett* |
1993 Stuttgart | ![]() Andrew Valmon Quincy Watts Butch Reynolds Michael Johnson Antonio Pettigrew* Derek Mills* | ![]() Kennedy Ochieng Simon Kemboi Abednego Matilu Samson Kitur | ![]() Rico Lieder Karsten Just Olaf Hense Thomas Schönlebe |
1995 Gothenburg | ![]() Marlon Ramsey Derek Mills Butch Reynolds Michael Johnson Kevin Lyles* Darnell Hall* | ![]() Michael McDonald Davian Clarke Danny McFarlane Greg Haughton Dennis Blake* | ![]() Udeme Ekpeyong Kunle Adejuyigbe Jude Monye Sunday Bada |
1997 Athensdq1 | ![]() Iwan Thomas Roger Black Jamie Baulch Mark Richardson Mark Hylton* | ![]() Michael McDonald Greg Haughton Danny McFarlane Davian Clarke Linval Laird* | ![]() Tomasz Czubak Piotr Rysiukiewicz Piotr Haczek Robert Maćkowiak |
1999 Seville | ![]() Tomasz Czubak Robert Maćkowiak Jacek Bocian Piotr Haczek Piotr Długosielski* | ![]() Michael McDonald Greg Haughton Danny McFarlane Davian Clarke Paston Coke* Omar Brown* | ![]() Jopie van Oudtshoorn Hendrick Mokganyetsi Adriaan Botha Arnaud Malherbe |
2001 Edmonton | ![]() Avard Moncur Chris Brown Troy McIntosh Timothy Munnings Carl Oliver* | ![]() Brandon Simpson Christopher Williams Greg Haughton Danny McFarlane Michael Blackwood* Mario Watts* | ![]() Rafał Wieruszewski Piotr Haczek Piotr Długosielski Piotr Rysiukiewicz Jacek Bocian* |
2003 Saint-Denis | ![]() Leslie Djhone Naman Keïta Stéphane Diagana Marc Raquil Ahmed Douhou* | ![]() Brandon Simpson Danny McFarlane Davian Clarke Michael Blackwood Michael Campbell* Lansford Spence* | ![]() Avard Moncur Dennis Darling Nathaniel McKinney Chris Brown Carl Oliver* |
2005 Helsinki | ![]() Andrew Rock Derrick Brew Darold Williamson Jeremy Wariner Miles Smith* LaShawn Merritt* | ![]() Nathaniel McKinney Avard Moncur Andrae Williams Chris Brown Troy McIntosh* | ![]() Sanjay Ayre Brandon Simpson Lansford Spence Davian Clarke Michael Blackwood* |
2007 Osaka | ![]() LaShawn Merritt Angelo Taylor Darold Williamson Jeremy Wariner Bershawn Jackson* Kerron Clement* | ![]() Avard Moncur Michael Mathieu Andrae Williams Chris Brown Nathaniel McKinney* | ![]() Marek Plawgo Daniel Dąbrowski Marcin Marciniszyn Kacper Kozłowski Rafał Wieruszewski* Witold Bańka* |
2009 Berlin | ![]() Angelo Taylor Jeremy Wariner Kerron Clement LaShawn Merritt Lionel Larry* Bershawn Jackson* | ![]() Conrad Williams Michael Bingham Robert Tobin Martyn Rooney Dai Greene* | ![]() John Steffensen Ben Offereins Tristan Thomas Sean Wroe Joel Milburn* |
2011 Daegu | ![]() Greg Nixon Bershawn Jackson Angelo Taylor LaShawn Merritt Jamaal Torrance* Michael Berry* | ![]() Shane Victor Ofentse Mogawane Willem de Beer L. J. van Zyl Oscar Pistorius* | ![]() Allodin Fothergill Jermaine Gonzales Riker Hylton Leford Green Lansford Spence* |
2013 Moscow | ![]() David Verburg Tony McQuay Arman Hall LaShawn Merritt James Harris* Joshua Mance* | ![]() Rusheen McDonald Edino Steele Omar Johnson Javon Francis Javere Bell* | ![]() Maksim Dyldin Lev Mosin Sergey Petukhov Vladimir Krasnov |
2015 Beijing | ![]() David Verburg Tony McQuay Bryshon Nellum LaShawn Merritt Kyle Clemons* Vernon Norwood* | ![]() Renny Quow Lalonde Gordon Deon Lendore Machel Cedenio Jarrin Solomon* | ![]() Rabah Yousif Delano Williams Jarryd Dunn Martyn Rooney |
2017 London | ![]() Jarrin Solomon Jereem Richards Machel Cedenio Lalonde Gordon Renny Quow* | ![]() Wil London Gil Roberts Michael Cherry Fred Kerley Bryshon Nellum* Tony McQuay* | ![]() Matthew Hudson-Smith Rabah Yousif Dwayne Cowan Martyn Rooney Jack Green* |
Note * Indicates athletes who ran only in the preliminary round and also received medals.
dq1 The United States team (Jerome Young, Antonio Pettigrew, Chris Jones and Tyree Washington) originally won the 1997 World Championships in a time of 2:56.47 minutes, but were disqualified in 2009 after Pettigrew admitted to doping during the period.
Women
Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1983 Helsinki | ![]() Kerstin Walther Sabine Busch Marita Koch Dagmar Rübsam Undine Bremer* Ellen Fiedler* | ![]() Taťána Kocembová Milena Matějkovičová Zuzana Moravčíková Jarmila Kratochvílová | ![]() Yelena Korban Marina Ivanova Irina Baskakova Mariya Pinigina |
1987 Rome | ![]() Dagmar Neubauer Kirsten Emmelmann Petra Müller Sabine Busch Cornelia Ullrich* | ![]() Aelita Yurchenko Olga Nazarova Mariya Pinigina Olga Bryzgina | ![]() Diane Dixon Denean Howard Valerie Brisco Lillie Leatherwood |
1991 Tokyo | ![]() Tatyana Ledovskaya Lyudmila Dzhigalova Olga Nazarova Olga Bryzgina Anna Chuprina* | ![]() Rochelle Stevens Diane Dixon Jearl Miles Lillie Leatherwood Natasha Kaiser-Brown* | ![]() Uta Rohländer Katrin Krabbe Christine Wachtel Grit Breuer Annett Hesselbarth* Katrin Schreiter* |
1993 Stuttgart | ![]() Gwen Torrence Maicel Malone-Wallace Natasha Kaiser Jearl Miles Terri Dendy* Michelle Collins* | ![]() Yelena Rouzina Tatyana Alekseyeva Margarita Ponomaryova Irina Privalova Yelena Golesheva* Vera Sychugova* | ![]() Linda Keough Phylis Smith Tracy Goddard Sally Gunnell |
1995 Gothenburg | ![]() Kim Graham Rochelle Stevens Camara Jones Jearl Miles Nicole Green* | ![]() Tatyana Chebykina Svetlana Goncharenko Yuliya Sotnikova Yelena Andreyeva Tatyana Zakharova* | ![]() Lee Naylor Renée Poetschka Melinda Gainsford Cathy Freeman |
1997 Athens | ![]() Anke Feller Uta Rohländer Anja Rücker Grit Breuer | ![]() Maicel Malone Kim Graham Kim Batten Jearl Miles Clark Michelle Collins* Natasha Kaiser-Brown* | ![]() Inez Turner Lorraine Graham Deon Hemmings Sandie Richards Nadia Graham-Hutchinson* |
1999 Seville | ![]() Tatyana Chebykina Svetlana Goncharenko Olga Kotlyarova Natalya Nazarova Natalya Sharova* Yekaterina Bakhvalova* | ![]() Suziann Reid Maicel Malone-Wallace Michelle Collins Jearl Miles Clark Andrea Anderson* | ![]() Anke Feller Uta Rohländer Anja Rücker Grit Breuer Anja Knippel* |
2001 Edmonton | ![]() Sandie Richards Catherine Scott-Pomales Debbie-Ann Parris Lorraine Fenton Michelle Burgher* Deon Hemmings* | ![]() Florence Ekpo-Umoh Shanta Ghosh Claudia Marx Grit Breuer | ![]() Irina Rosikhina Yuliya Pechonkina Anastasiya Kapachinskaya Olesya Zykina Natalya Shevtsova* |
2003 Saint-Denis | ![]() Demetria Washington Jearl Miles Clark Me'Lisa Barber Sanya Richards DeeDee Trotter* | ![]() Anastasiya Kapachinskaya Natalya Nazarova Olesya Zykina Yuliya Pechonkina (Nosova) Svetlana Goncharenko* Svetlana Pospelova* | ![]() Allison Beckford Lorraine Fenton (Graham) Ronetta Smith Sandie Richards Michelle Burgher* |
2005 Helsinki | ![]() Yuliya Pechonkina Olesya Krasnomovets Natalya Antyukh Svetlana Pospelova Tatyana Firova* Olesya Zykina* | ![]() Shericka Williams Novlene Williams Ronetta Smith Lorraine Fenton | ![]() Lee McConnell Donna Fraser Nicola Sanders Christine Ohuruogu |
2007 Osaka | ![]() DeeDee Trotter Allyson Felix Mary Wineberg Sanya Richards Monique Hennagan* Natasha Hastings* | ![]() Shericka Williams Shereefa Lloyd Davita Prendagast Novlene Williams Anastasia Le-Roy* | ![]() Christine Ohuruogu Marilyn Okoro Lee McConnell Nicola Sanders Donna Fraser* |
2009 Berlin | ![]() Debbie Dunn Allyson Felix Lashinda Demus Sanya Richards Natasha Hastings* Jessica Beard* | ![]() Rosemarie Whyte Novlene Williams-Mills Shereefa Lloyd Shericka Williams Kaliese Spencer* | ![]() Anastasiya Kapachinskaya Tatyana Firova Lyudmila Litvinova Antonina Krivoshapka Natalya Nazarova* Natalya Antyukh* |
2011 Daegu | ![]() Sanya Richards-Ross Allyson Felix Jessica Beard Francena McCorory Natasha Hastings* Keshia Baker* | ![]() Rosemarie Whyte Davita Prendergast Novlene Williams-Mills Shericka Williams Shereefa Lloyd* Patricia Hall* | ![]() Antonina Krivoshapka Natalya Antyukh Lyudmila Litvinova Anastasiya Kapachinskaya Kseniya Vdovina* Ksenia Zadorina* |
2013 Moscow | ![]() Yuliya Gushchina Tatyana Firova Kseniya Ryzhova Anastasia Kapachinskaya Natalya Antyukh* | ![]() Jessica Beard Natasha Hastings Ashley Spencer Francena McCorory Joanna Atkins* | ![]() Eilidh Child Shana Cox Margaret Adeoye Christine Ohuruogu |
2015 Beijing | ![]() Christine Day Shericka Jackson Stephenie Ann McPherson Novlene Williams-Mills Anastasia Le-Roy* Chrisann Gordon* | ![]() Sanya Richards-Ross Natasha Hastings Allyson Felix Francena McCorory Phyllis Francis* Jessica Beard* | ![]() Christine Ohuruogu Anyika Onuora Eilidh Child Seren Bundy-Davies Kirsten McAslan* |
2017 London | ![]() Quanera Hayes Allyson Felix Shakima Wimbley Phyllis Francis Kendall Ellis* Natasha Hastings* | ![]() Zoey Clark Laviai Nielsen Eilidh Doyle Emily Diamond Perri Shakes-Drayton* | ![]() Małgorzata Hołub Iga Baumgart Aleksandra Gaworska Justyna Święty Patrycja Wyciszkiewicz* Martyna Dąbrowska* |
Note * Indicates athletes who ran only in the preliminary round and also received medals.
European Championship medalists
World Indoor Championships medalists
Men
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1991 Seville | ![]() Rico Lieder Jens Carlowitz Karsten Just Thomas Schönlebe | ![]() Raymond Pierre Charles Jenkins Jr. Andrew Valmon Antonio McKay Clifton Campbell* Willie Smith* | ![]() Marco Vaccari Vito Petrella Alessandro Aimar Andrea Nuti |
1993 Toronto | ![]() Darnell Hall Brian Irvin Jason Rouser Mark Everett | ![]() Daziel Jules Alvin Daniel Neil de Silva Ian Morris | ![]() Masayoshi Kan Seiji Inagaki Yoshihiko Saito Hiroyuki Hayashi |
1995 Barcelona | ![]() Rod Tolbert Calvin Davis Tod Long Frankie Atwater | ![]() Fabio Grossi Andrea Nuti Roberto Mazzoleni Ashraf Saber | ![]() Masayoshi Kan Seiji Inagaki Tomonari Ono Hiroyuki Hayashi |
1997 Paris | ![]() Jason Rouser Mark Everett Sean Maye Deon Minor | ![]() Linval Laird Michael McDonald Dinsdale Morgan Greg Haughton Garth Robinson* | ![]() Pierre-Marie Hilaire Rodrigue Nordin Loic Lerouge Fred Mango |
1999 Maebashi | ![]() Andre Morris Dameon Johnson Deon Minor Milton Campbell Khadevis Robinson* | ![]() Piotr Haczek Jacek Bocian Piotr Rysiukiewicz Robert Maćkowiak | ![]() Allyn Condon Solomon Wariso Adrian Patrick Jamie Baulch Sean Baldock* |
2001 Lisbon | ![]() Piotr Rysiukiewicz Piotr Haczek Jacek Bocian Robert Maćkowiak | ![]() Aleksandr Ladeyshchikov Ruslan Mashchenko Boris Gorban Andrey Semyonov Dmitry Forshev* | ![]() Michael McDonald Davian Clarke Michael Blackwood Danny McFarlane Greg Haughton* |
2003 Birmingham | ![]() Leroy Colquhoun Danny McFarlane Michael Blackwood Davian Clarke Kemel Thompson* | ![]() Jamie Baulch Timothy Benjamin Cori Henry Daniel Caines Mark Hylton* Jared Deacon* | ![]() Rafał Wieruszewski Grzegorz Zajączkowski Marcin Marciniszyn Marek Plawgo Artur Gąsiewski* Piotr Rysiukiewicz* |
2004 Budapest | ![]() Greg Haughton Leroy Colquhoun Michael McDonald Davian Clarke Richard James* Sanjay Ayre* | ![]() Boris Gorban Dmitry Forshev Andrey Rudnitskiy Aleksandr Usov | ![]() Robert Daly Gary Ryan David Gillick David McCarthy |
2006 Moscow | ![]() Tyree Washington LaShawn Merritt Milton Campbell Wallace Spearmon James Davis* O.J. Hogans* | ![]() Daniel Dąbrowski Marcin Marciniszyn Rafał Wieruszewski Piotr Klimczak Paweł Ptak* Piotr Kędzia* | ![]() Konstantin Svechkar Aleksandr Derevyagin Yevgeniy Lebedev Dmitry Petrov Andrey Polukeyev* |
2008 Valencia | ![]() James Davis Jamaal Torrance Greg Nixon Kelly Willie Joel Stallworth* | ![]() Michael Blackwood Edino Steele Adrian Findlay DeWayne Barrett Aldwyn Sappleton* | ![]() Arismendy Peguero Carlos Santa Pedro Mejía Yoel Tapia |
2010 Doha | ![]() Jamaal Torrance Greg Nixon Tavaris Tate Bershawn Jackson LeJerald Betters* Kerron Clement* | ![]() Cédric Van Branteghem Kevin Borlée Antoine Gillet Jonathan Borlée Nils Duerinck* | ![]() Conrad Williams Nigel Levine Chris Clarke Richard Buck Luke Lennon-Ford* |
2012 Istanbul | ![]() Frankie Wright Calvin Smith Jr. Manteo Mitchell Gil Roberts Jamaal Torrance* Quentin Iglehart-Summers* | ![]() Conrad Williams Nigel Levine Michael Bingham Richard Buck Luke Lennon-Ford* | ![]() Lalonde Gordon Renny Quow Jereem Richards Jarrin Solomon |
2014 Sopot | ![]() Kyle Clemons David Verburg Kind Butler III Calvin Smith Jr. Clayton Parros* Ricky Babineaux* | ![]() Conrad Williams Jamie Bowie Luke Lennon-Ford Nigel Levine Michael Bingham* | ![]() Errol Nolan Allodin Fothergill Akheem Gauntlett Edino Steele Dane Hyatt* Jermaine Brown* |
2016 Portland | ![]() Kyle Clemons Calvin Smith Jr. Christopher Giesting Vernon Norwood Elvyonn Bailey* Patrick Feeney* | ![]() Michael Mathieu Alonzo Russell Shavez Hart Chris Brown Ashley Riley* | ![]() Jarrin Solomon Lalonde Gordon Ade Alleyne-Forte Deon Lendore Rondel Sorrillo* Machel Cedenio* |
Women
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1991 Seville | ![]() Sandra Seuser Katrin Schreiter Annett Hesselbarth Grit Breuer | ![]() Marina Shmonina Lyudmila Dzhigalova Margarita Ponomaryova Aelita Yurchenko | ![]() Terri Dendy Lillie Leatherwood Jearl Miles Diane Dixon |
1993 Toronto | ![]() Deon Hemmings Beverly Grant Cathy Rattray-Williams Sandie Richards | ![]() Trevaia Williams Terri Dendy Dyan Webber Natasha Kaiser-Brown | none awarded |
1995 Barcelona | ![]() Tatyana Chebykina Yelena Ruzina Yekaterina Kulikova Svetlana Goncharenko | ![]() Naděžda Koštovalová Helena Dziurová Hana Benešová Ludmila Formanová | ![]() Nelrae Pasha Tanya Dooley Kim Graham Flirtisha Harris |
1997 Paris | ![]() Tatyana Chebykina Svetlana Goncharenko Olga Kotlyarova Tatyana Alekseyeva Natalya Sharova* Yekaterina Bakhvalova* | ![]() Shanelle Porter Natasha Kaiser-Brown Anita Howard Jearl Miles Clark Carlette Guidry* | ![]() Anja Rücker Anke Feller Heike Meißner Grit Breuer Anja Knippel* |
1999 Maebashi | ![]() Tatyana Chebykina Svetlana Goncharenko Olga Kotlyarova Natalya Nazarovaa | ![]() Susan Andrews Tania Van Heer Tamsyn Lewis Cathy Freeman | ![]() Monique Hennagan Michelle Collins Zundra Feagin-Alexander Shanelle Porter |
2001 Lisbon | ![]() Yuliya Nosova Olesya Zykina Yuliya Sotnikova Olga Kotlyarova | ![]() Charmaine Howell Juliet Campbell Catherine Scott Sandie Richards | ![]() Claudia Marx Birgit Rockmeier Florence Ekpo-Umoh Shanta Ghosh |
2003 Birmingham | ![]() Natalya Antyukh Yuliya Pechonkina Olesya Zykina Natalya Nazarova | ![]() Ronetta Smith Catherine Scott Sheryl Morgan Sandie Richards | ![]() Monique Hennagan Meghan Addy Brenda Taylor Mary Wineberg |
2004 Budapest | ![]() Olesya Forsheva Olga Kotlyarova Tatyana Levina Natalya Nazarova Olesya Zykina* Natalya Antyukh* | ![]() Natallia Solohub Anna Kozak Ilona Vusovich Sviatlana Vusovich | ![]() Angela Moroșanu Alina Râpanu Maria Rus Ionela Târlea |
2006 Moscow | ![]() Tatyana Levina Natalya Nazarova Olesya Forsheva Natalya Antyukh Yuliya Gushchina* Tatyana Veshkurova* | ![]() Debbie Dunn Tiffany Williams Monica Hargrove Mary Wineberg Kia Davis* | ![]() Natallia Solohub Anna Kozak Yulyana Yushchanka Ilona Vusovich |
2008 Valencia | ![]() Yuliya Gushchina Tatyana Levina Natalya Nazarova Olesya Zykina | ![]() Anna Kozak Iryna Khliustava Ilona Vusovich Sviatlana Vusovich | ![]() Angel Perkins Miriam Barnes Shareese Woods Moushaumi Robinson |
2010 Doha | ![]() Debbie Dunn DeeDee Trotter Natasha Hastings Allyson Felix | ![]() Svetlana Pospelova Natalya Nazarova Kseniya Vdovina Tatyana Firova | ![]() Denisa Rosolová Jitka Bartoničková Zuzana Bergrová Zuzana Hejnová |
2012 Istanbul | ![]() Shana Cox Nicola Sanders Christine Ohuruogu Perri Shakes-Drayton | ![]() Leslie Cole Natasha Hastings Jernail Hayes Sanya Richards-Ross | ![]() Yuliya Gushchina Kseniya Ustalova Marina Karnaushchenko Aleksandra Fedoriva |
2014 Sopot | ![]() Natasha Hastings Joanna Atkins Francena McCorory Cassandra Tate Jernail Hayes* Monica Hargrove* | ![]() Patricia Hall Anneisha McLaughlin Kaliese Spencer Stephenie Ann McPherson Verone Chambers* Natoya Goule* | ![]() Eilidh Child Shana Cox Margaret Adeoye Christine Ohuruogu Victoria Ohuruogu* |
2016 Portland | ![]() Natasha Hastings Quanera Hayes Courtney Okolo Ashley Spencer | ![]() Ewelina Ptak Małgorzata Hołub Magdalena Gorzkowska Justyna Święty | ![]() Adelina Pastor Mirela Lavric Andrea Miklós Bianca Răzor |
Note * Indicates athletes who ran only in the preliminary round and also received medals.
Notable splits
Men
Herb McKenley (Jamaica) ran a 44.6 split in the 1952 Helsinki Olympic final.
Ron Freeman (USA) ran a 43.2 split in the 1968 Mexico Olympic final.
Julius Sang (Kenya) ran a 43.6 split in the 1972 Munich Olympic final.
Alberto Juantorena (Cuba) ran a 43.7 split in the 1977 IAAF World Cup event as part of the Americas team.
Quincy Watts ran a 43.1 split and Steve Lewis (USA) ran a 43.4 split in the 1992 Barcelona Olympic final.
Butch Reynolds ran a 43.23 split and Michael Johnson (both USA) ran a 42.91 split in the 1993 Stuttgart World Championship final; the USA team's final time of 2:54.29 is the current world record.
Jeremy Wariner (USA) ran a 43.10 split in the 2007 Osaka World Championship final.
Jeremy Wariner (USA) ran a 43.18 split in the 2008 Beijing Olympic final.
Michael Norman (USA) ran a 43.06 split in the 2018 NCAA West Preliminaries final.[8]
Women
Jarmila Kratochvílová (CZE) ran a 47.6 split in the 1982 Athens European Championship final, a 47.75 split in the 1983 Helsinki World Championship final, and a 47.9 split in the 1983 Europa Cup in London.
Marita Koch (GDR) ran a 47.70 split in Erfurt 1984, a 47.9 split in the 1982 European Championship final, and a 47.9 split at the 1985 Canberra World Cup.
Allyson Felix (USA) ran a 47.72 split in the 2015 Beijing World Championships final, a 48.01 split in the 2007 Osaka World Championships final, and a 48.20 split in the 2012 London Olympic final.
Olga Nazarova and Olga Bryzgina (USSR) both ran a 47.80 split in the 1988 Seoul Olympic final; the Soviet team's final time of 3:15.17 is the current world record.
Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) ran a 48.08 split in the 1988 Seoul Olympic final.
External links
- IAAF list of 4x400-metres-relay records in XML
Notes and references
^ "4x400 Metres Relay Records – outdoor". International Association of Athletics Federations. Retrieved 1 September 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ "IAAF deletes Americans' 4x400m world record from the books". The Star Online. 13 August 2008. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
^ Roy Jordan (10 March 2018). "Norman breaks world indoor 400m record at NCAA Indoor Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ "All-time men's best 4 × 400m Relay". alltime-athletics.com. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
^ "All-time women's best 4 × 400m Relay". alltime-athletics.com. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
^ "4×400m Relay Results" (PDF). IAAF. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
^ "TRACK AND FIELD OLYMPIANS TO BE RECOGNIZED". University Park, Pennsylvania. Oct 4, 2012. Retrieved 2016-08-14.Blake, a member of Penn State's NCAA Champion 4x400 in 2008, also had a successful London experience, earning a bronze medal as a member of Jamaica's 4x400 relay pool.
^ "Norman and Benjamin the latest stars to shine in the IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. 1 July 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.