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Vittorio De Sica
De Sica in 1959
Born	7 July 1901 Sora, Lazio, Italy
Died	13 November 1974 (aged 73) Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France
Occupation	Director, actor
Years active	1917–1974
Spouse(s)	Giuditta Rissone (m. 1937–54) María Mercader (m. 1959–74)
Children	Emi De Sica Manuel De Sica Christian De Sica

Vittorio De Sica (Italian pronunciation: [vitˈtɔːrjo de ˈsiːka]; 7 July 1901 – 13 November 1974) was an Italian director and actor, a leading figure in the neorealist movement.

Four of the films he directed won Academy Awards: Sciuscià and Bicycle Thieves were awarded honorary Oscars, while Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow and Il giardino dei Finzi Contini won the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar. Indeed, the great critical success of Sciuscià (the first foreign film to be so recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) and Bicycle Thieves helped establish the permanent Best Foreign Film Oscar. These two films generally are considered part of the canon of classic cinema.^[1]Bicycle Thieves was cited by Turner Classic Movies as one of the 15 most influential films in cinema history.^[2]

De Sica was also nominated for the 1957 Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for playing Major Rinaldi in American director Charles Vidor's 1957 adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, a movie that was panned by critics and proved a box office flop. De Sica's acting was considered the highlight of the film.^[3]

Life and career

Born into poverty in Sora, Lazio (1901), he began his career as a theatre actor in the early 1920s and joined Tatiana Pavlova's theatre company in 1923. In 1933 he founded his own company with his wife Giuditta Rissone and Sergio Tofano. The company performed mostly light comedies, but they also staged plays by Beaumarchais and worked with famous directors like Luchino Visconti.

His meeting with Cesare Zavattini was a very important event: together they created some of the most celebrated films of the neorealistic age, like Sciuscià (Shoeshine) and Bicycle Thieves (released as The Bicycle Thief in America), both of which De Sica directed.

De Sica appeared in the British television series The Four Just Men (1959).

Private life

His passion for gambling was well known. Because of it, he often lost large sums of money and accepted work that might not otherwise have interested him. He never kept his gambling a secret from anyone; in fact, he projected it on characters in his own movies, like Count Max (which he acted in but did not direct) and The Gold of Naples, as well as in General Della Rovere, a film directed by Rossellini in which De Sica played the title role.

In 1937 Vittorio De Sica married the actress Giuditta Rissone, who gave birth to their daughter, Emi. In 1942, on the set of Un garibaldino al convento, he met Spanish actress Maria Mercader (sister of Ramon Mercader, Leon Trotsky's assassin), with whom he started a relationship. After divorcing Rissone in France in 1954, he married Mercader in 1959 in Mexico, but this union was not considered valid under Italian law. In 1968 he obtained French citizenship and married Mercader in Paris. Meanwhile, he had already had two sons with her: Manuel, in 1949, a musician, and Christian, in 1951, who would follow his father's path as an actor and director.

Although divorced, De Sica never parted from his first family. He led a double family life, with double celebrations on holidays. It is said that, at Christmas and on New Year's Eve, he used to put back the clocks by two hours in Mercader's house so that he could make a toast at midnight with both families. His first wife agreed to keep up the facade of a marriage so as not to leave her daughter without a father.

Vittorio De Sica died at 73 after a surgery at the Neuilly-sur-Seine hospital in Paris. He was a Roman Catholic.^[4]

Awards and nominations

Vittorio De Sica was given the Interfilm Grand Prix in 1971 by the Berlin International Film Festival.

• 
  Miracolo a Milano
  
  • 
    Cannes Film Festival Palme D'Or Winner
    


• 
  Umberto D.
  
  • Cannes Film Festival Official Selection


• 
  Stazione Termini
  
  • Cannes Film Festival Official Selection


• 
  L'oro di Napoli
  
  • Cannes Film Festival Official Selection


• 
  Il Tetto
  
  • Cannes Film Festival OCIC Award Winner
    


• 
  Anna di Brooklyn
  
  • 
    Berlin International Film Festival Official Selection^[5]


• 
  La Ciociara
  
  • Cannes Film Festival Official Selection


• 
  Matrimonio all'italiana
  
  • 
    Moscow International Film Festival Official Selection^[6]


• 
  Il Giardino dei Finzi-Contini
  
  • 
    Berlin International Film Festival Golden Bear Winner^[7]
  
  
  • Berlin International Film Festival Interfilm Award Winner – Otto Dibelius Film Award
    
  
  


• 
  Nastro d'Argento for Best Director 1946 for Sciuscià
  


• 
  Academy Award 1947 Honorary Award to the Italian production for Sciuscià (Shoeshine), 1946
  


• 
  Academy Award 1949 Special Foreign Language Film Award for Bicycle Thieves
  


• 
  BAFTA (British Academy Award) 1950 Best film Bicycle Thieves
  


• 
  Academy Award 1965 Best Foreign Language film for Ieri, oggi, domani (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow)
  


• 
  Academy Award 1972 Best Foreign Language film for Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini
  

Filmography

Filmography as director

Filmography as actor

Note: on many sources, Fontana di Trevi by Carlo Campogalliani (1960) and La bonne soupe by Robert Thomas (1964) are included but de Sica does not appear in those films.

Television appearances as actor

• 
  The Four Just Men, by Sapphire Films (1959) (10 of the 39 episodes made)

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vittorio De Sica.

• 
  Vittorio De Sica on IMDb


• 
  Vittorio De Sica director bio for The Garden of the Finzi-Continis Sony Pictures Entertainment website, retrieved 8 April 2006


• 
  Vittorio De Sica Review Wall Street Journal article, retrieved 9 March 2013