mjhjmtu

I drew a few years ago a colored wheel for my students. I'm happy with.

But the code was ugly because i didn't use foreach command, so it's big and messy...As an example:

path[postaction=decoration=
 text along path,
 text= jaune-vert,
 text align=center,
 reverse path
 ,
 decorate] (45:4.6) arc (45:75:4.6);

for each color...not the most efficient way to do it!

This is my new code (more elegant solution) only for the color names

documentclass[10pt,a4paper]article
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[french]babel
usepackage[T1]fontenc

usepackagetikz
usetikzlibrarycalc
usetikzlibraryarrows,decorations.text

begindocument

begintikzpicture
edefang0
foreach x/text in 0/orange, 30/jaune, 60/jaune-vert, 90/vert, 120/bleu-vert, 150/cyan, 180/bleu roi

pgfmathparseang + 15
xdefangpgfmathresult
path[postaction=decoration=
text along path,
text= text,
text align=center,
reverse path,
decorate](-15+x:4.6) arc (-15+x :ang :4.6);

endtikzpicture

enddocument

I have a dimenssion too large error. Thank you for your help!

Best regards.

edit:
now from your answer (you should first edit your question and add missing in information), i can complete my answer:

 documentclass[10pt,a4paper]article
 usepackage[french]babel
 usepackage[T1]fontenc

 usepackage[dvipsnames]xcolor
 usepackagetikz
 usetikzlibraryarrows, calc, decorations.text

 begindocument
 begintikzpicture
 foreach x/t [count=xx from 0] in %
 orange/orange, jaune/yellow, jaune-vert/LimeGreen, vert/green,
 bleu-vert/SeaGreen, cyan/Cyan, bleu-rois/NavyBlue, bleu/blue, violet/Violet, magenta/magenta, rouge-rosé/RubineRed, rouge/red
 
 pgfmathsetmacroangle30*xx
 path[decoration=text along path,
 text=x,
 text align=center,
 reverse path,
 postaction=decorate,
 ] 
 ifnumxx<7
 (angle-15:4) arc (angle-15:angle+15:4);
 else
 (angle+15:4.2) arc (angle+15:angle-15:4.2);
 fi
 draw[double=t, semithick,
 double distance=5mm] (angle-15:3.6) arc (angle-15:angle+15:3.6);
 draw[semithick] (angle-15:3.35) -- (angle-15:3.85);
 draw[->] (0,0) -- (angle:3);
 
 endtikzpicture
 enddocument

Just for fun and inspired by the example and the answers an arrangement through a definition with parameters:

ColorWeel(<coordinate>)[<radius>][<pseudo-sharpness>]Color_Name/Graphicx_name, Color_name/Color1!value(0-100)!color2, ...

RESULT:

MWE:

% By J. Leon V. Share as Beerware philosophy
documentclass[border=20pt]standalone
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[french]babel
usepackage[T1]fontenc
usepackageamsmath
usepackageamsfonts
usepackageamssymb
usepackagemakeidx
usepackagegraphicx
usepackagelmodern
usepackagekpfonts
usepackage[dvipsnames]xcolor
usepackagetikz
usetikzlibrarydecorations.text, arrows.meta


usetikzlibrarycalc
begindocument
 begintikzpicture[
 % Environment Cfg
 >=Stealth[inset=0pt,length=10pt]
 ]

%Variables: 1:Position 2:Radio 3:pseudo sharpsness 4: Name/Color array
defColorWeel(#1)[#2][#3]#4%
 beginscope[shift=(#1)] 
 %Drawing features separations.
 foreach elements [count=n] in #4
 pgfmathparseint(360/n)
 edefAnglepgfmathresult
 foreach text/color [count=i from 0] in #4
 draw[fill=color,thick](Angle*i:#2) 
 arc (Angle*i:Angle*i+Angle:#2) 
 -- (Angle*i+Angle:#2-0.5cm) arc (Angle*i+Angle:Angle*i:#2-0.5cm) -- cycle;
 pgfmathparseint(Angle*i)
 ifnumpgfmathresult<180
 path[decoration=text along path,raise=-4pt,text=text,text align=center,reverse path,decorate]
 (Angle*i:#2+0.5cm) arc (Angle*i:Angle*i+Angle:#2+0.5cm); 
 fi
 ifnumpgfmathresult>179
 path[decoration=text along path,text=text,text align=center,decorate]
 (Angle*i:#2+0.5cm) arc (Angle*i:Angle*i+Angle:#2+0.5cm); 
 fi
 
 clip (0,0) circle (#2-0.5cm);
 foreach text/color [count=j from 0] in #4
 foreach k in 1,2,...,20 
 path[fill=color, opacity=#3](Angle*j+Angle/2: #2-0.7cm) circle (k*0.2);
 
 draw[thick, ->] (0,0) -- (Angle*j+Angle/2: #2-1.2cm); 
 
 endscope


ColorWeel(0,0)[5cm][0.05]
 Orange/orange,
 jaune/yellow,
 jaune-vert/lime,
 vert/green,
 bleu-vert/SeaGreen,
 cyan/Cyan,
 bleu roi/NavyBlue,
 bleu/blue,
 violet/violet,
 magenta/magenta,
 rouge-ros'e/RubineRed,
 rouge/red

ColorWeel(11,0)[3.5cm][0.08]
 Blue/blue,
 Red/red,
 Yellow/yellow

ColorWeel(7,-10)[4cm][0.08]
 black/black,
 white/white,
 green-60-black/green!60!black,
 blue-50-green/blue!50!green,
 blue-50-red/blue!50!red

 endtikzpicture
enddocument

With the code from your answer, I wrote the entire code. I kept the structure of your code with 3 foreach loops that fits well here.

In each foreach loop, instead of incrementing two variables, it is also simple to count the number of colors and calculate the angles.

To make the code easy to read and understand, I spelled out the variable names (and in French): couleur for colour, angle, n for number.

I put the acute accent of the rouge-rosé color between braces because otherwise I have an error at compilation and this even with the tikz babel library usetikzlibrarybabel

The inputenc package is now included in LaTeX, it is no longer necessary to load it, so I commented on it. %usepackage[utf8]inputenc

to put the same margins with the geometry package, just write usepackage[margin=2cm]geometry

documentclass[10pt,a4paper]article
%usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[french]babel
usepackage[T1]fontenc
usepackageamsmath
usepackageamsfonts
usepackageamssymb
usepackagemakeidx
usepackagegraphicx
usepackagelmodern
usepackagekpfonts
usepackage[margin=2cm]geometry

usepackage[dvipsnames]xcolor
usepackagetikz
usetikzlibrarycalc
usetikzlibraryarrows,decorations.text
usetikzlibrarybabel

begindocument
begintikzpicture
%draw names
foreach couleur [count=n from 0, evaluate= n as angle using n*30-15] in orange, jaune,jaune-vert ,vert,bleu-vert,cyan,bleu-roi

path[decoration=
 text along path,
 text=couleur,
 text align=center,
 reverse path,
 postaction=decorate]
 (angle : 4.1) arc (angle :angle + 30 : 4.1);


%% draw names
foreach couleur [count=n from 7,evaluate= n as angle using n*30-15] in bleu, violet, magenta, rouge-rosé, rouge

path[decoration=
 text along path,
 text=couleur,
 text align=center,
 postaction=decorate] (angle:4.3) arc (angle :angle+30:4.3);


foreach couleur [count=n from 0, evaluate= n as angle using n*30-15] in orange, yellow,LimeGreen,green, SeaGreen, Cyan, NavyBlue, blue, Violet, magenta, RubineRed, red
 
 draw[double=couleur, 
 semithick,
 double distance=5mm] (angle:3.6) arc (angle:angle+30:3.6);
 draw[->,thick] (0,0) -- (angle-15:3);
 
endtikzpicture
enddocument

I would probably start with something like this:

documentclass[10pt,a4paper]article
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[french]babel
usepackage[T1]fontenc

usepackagetikz
usetikzlibrarycalc
usetikzlibraryarrows,decorations.text

begindocument

begintikzpicture

foreach x/text in
 0/orange, 1/jaune, 2/jaune-vert, 3/vert, 4/bleu-vert, 5/cyan, 6/bleu

 path[postaction=decoration=text along path, text=text,
 text align=center, reverse path, decorate]
 (30*x - 15:6.6) arc (30*x - 15:30*x + 15:6.6);


endtikzpicture
enddocument

I red carefully all your answers, and i think i got it!

documentclass[10pt,a4paper]article
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[french]babel
usepackage[T1]fontenc
usepackageamsmath
usepackageamsfonts
usepackageamssymb
usepackagemakeidx
usepackagegraphicx
usepackagelmodern
usepackagekpfonts
usepackage[left=2cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]geometry

usepackage[dvipsnames]xcolor
usepackagetikz
usetikzlibrarycalc
usetikzlibraryarrows,decorations.text

begindocument
begintikzpicture
%draw names
foreach x/text in 0/orange, 30/jaune, 60/jaune-vert , 90/vert, 120/bleu-vert, 150/cyan, 180/bleu-rois

path[postaction=decoration=
text along path,
text= text,
text align=center,
reverse path
,
decorate] (-15+x:4.3) arc (-15+x :15+x:4.3);

% draw names
foreach x/text in 210/bleu, 240/violet, 270/magenta, 300/rouge-rosé, 330/rouge

path[postaction=decoration=
text along path,
text= text,
text align=center,
,decorate] (-15+x:4.5) arc (-15+x :15+x:4.5);

%draw circles and color
foreach x/text in 0/orange, 30/yellow, 60/LimeGreen, 90/green, 120/SeaGreen, 150/Cyan, 180/NavyBlue, 210/blue, 240/Violet, 270/magenta, 300/RubineRed, 330/red
 
draw [fill=text](15+x:4)-- (15+x:3.5) arc(15+x:-15+x:3.5)--(-15+x:4)arc (-15+x:15+x:4)--cycle;
 
 foreach x in 0, 30, ..., 150
draw[<->, thick, black, rotate=x] (0,3)--(0,-3);
endtikzpicture


enddocument