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My Lenovo T480 runs a Bitlocker protected Windows 10 installation. Bitlocker is configured to lock the system (request the passkey) if there are any hardware changes. I would like to keep the Bitlocker protection intact and unmodified, but have the ability to dual boot into Linux or a different Win10 from a different SSD (without changing the Bitlocker configuration). I have full access to the UEFI settings.

As far as I understand, bitlocker places something like a policy on the TPM, which then locks the laptop. Even with the Windows drive physically disconnected, the bit of bitlocker that went on the TPM will stop any bootloader from running.

This is where I get stuck: I want to be able to swap out the Windows drive and use a different OS, but I can't do that without messing with the current TPM configuration (as far as I understand).

In the UEFI settings of the T480, there's an option to deactivate TPM. Does that clear the TPM? That would render the Windows install unusable. Does it simlpy disable TPM until I re-activate it? Will the Bitlocker / TPM lock the Windows install if I disable the TPM, use the Linux drive, and then re-enable TPM?

Edit: For now, I'm trying to get dual boot with a second copy of Windows 10 working, and even with the first hard disk disconnected, I do get a blue bitlocker screen asking me for my USB key.

Edit2: Solved. I never tried what happens when I set the TPM to "hidden" in the UEFI. To recap, the setup was:

• Win10 on disk 1, with bitlocker active, key stored on TPM protected via hardware change detection


• Win10 on disk 2, no bitlocker

I installed disk2 and was able to use it fine, until I booted into disk1. I was then unable to boot disk2. I wrongly assumed that the TPM prevented me from booting a disk different from the one that was using bitlocker. In fact what happened was that disk1 decided that all drives should be bitlocker protected and encrypted disk2 for me. Thereafter disk2 was unable to unlock on its own (presumably because the master key that bitlocker used was on disk1) and failed to boot with a bitlocker error. I don't have admin rights on disk1 so I was unable to turn off bitlocker on disk2 from disk1. Reinstalled Win10 on disk2 instead, and will take care to not boot disk1 while disk2 is plugged in.

As far as I understand, bitlocker places something like a policy on the TPM, which then locks the laptop. Even with the Windows drive physically disconnected, the bit of bitlocker that went on the TPM will stop any bootloader from running.

No. Do not confuse BitLocker and Secure Boot. Do not be mistaken about what goes on the TPM.

Specifically, the only bit of BitLocker that goes into the TPM is a decryption key for your disk's master key.

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  The TPM is, essentially, a place for secure tamper-proof storage – like a smartcard. It is passive and cannot affect the rest of the system by itself. It has its own firmware, but it doesn't store nor run any OS-provided code; it's mainly limited to cryptographic operations – e.g. the OS can ask the TPM to encrypt or decrypt data.

  
  
  

  As you already discovered, the TPM also has a feature to store data sealed with the current system state (e.g. the drive you booted from, the bootloader hash reported by UEFI, plus whatever OS/kernel hashes reported by the bootloader itself). A "policy" in this context is a set of conditions telling the TPM when it is allowed to release the stored data, if the OS asks for it.

  
  


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  BitLocker is Windows' system for disk encryption. It prevents someone from accessing your Windows drive without knowing the key, but it doesn't prevent the system itself from doing anything else, including booting any other OS from any other drive.

  
  
  

  BitLocker can use the TPM as a place to store its keys, which are sealed against the exact OS that you're running. If you try to boot from a different drive, or change the bootloader somehow, the TPM will refuse to release the keys and BitLocker will ask for the recovery password.

  
  
  

  But if you boot an OS that doesn't ask the TPM to unseal that data, well, nothing happens. The OS just boots as usual – the TPM does not actively try to prevent it.

  
  


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  Secure Boot is the UEFI lockdown system. It can actively prevent the system from booting "untrusted" bootloaders and operating systems, which generally means "not signed by Microsoft" although can be customized.

  
  
  

  (Note that Secure Boot in its default mode doesn't bind to a specific OS installation; it will boot any OS that has a recognizable signature. This even includes a Linux bootloader called "Shim".)

  
  

Secure Boot can exist on systems even without a TPM, and similarly, TPMs can exist on systems without Secure Boot, or indeed without UEFI.

Some manufacturers (e.g. HP) use the TPM memory to store Secure Boot settings, to exempt them from the usual "remove battery to clear firmware settings" trick. This still doesn't turn the TPM into anything other than a smartcard.

I want to be able to swap out the Windows drive and use Linux, but I can't do that without messing with the current TPM configuration (as far as I understand).

No, you can freely dual-boot with the TPM enabled. (As mentioned, the TPM is passive.) In fact you can even have Linux use the same TPM to seal its own keys for LUKS disk encryption.

However, you may need to disable Secure Boot if it currently prevents Linux from booting.

Changing Secure Boot settings will prevent Windows from accessing the BitLocker key, but won't clear it. You can re-enable Secure Boot later and regain access – or you can keep Secure Boot permanently disabled, and just have Windows store a new key in the TPM. (This happens automatically as soon as you input the BitLocker recovery key.)

Make sure you actually have the recovery key before trying this.

Does that clear the TPM?

The official "T480 User Guide" is unclear about this, but I would guess that the TPM's contents remain intact, because the manual lists a separate "Clear TPM contents" option. If disabling the TPM cleared it, the two options would be redundant.

That would render the Windows install unusable.

No, that would only mean you'll need to input the BitLocker recovery key.

Once you've unlocked the drive with the recovery key, BitLocker will also automatically create a new key and store it in the TPM again (if it is enabled), re-sealed against the new system state.

If you don't have the recovery key, use manage-bde -protectors to obtain it before you start tinkering with TPM or Secure Boot settings. It can also be obtained through the control panel and sometimes even stored with your Microsoft account.

You can set Security Chip to Active/Inactive/Disabled (T440s). This does not clear anything. However the option Clear Security Chip obviously clears the encryption keys and also changing Security Chip Selection from Discrete TPM (TPM 1.2) to Intel PTT (TPM 2.0) will do so (popup opens "All encryption keys will be cleared in the security chip. Do you really want to continue? [Yes]/[No]").