Lord Chancellor of Scotland




The Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a Great Officer of State in the Kingdom of Scotland.


Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of Keeper of the Great Seal. From the 15th century, the Chancellor was normally a Bishop or a Peer.


At the Union, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England became the first Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, but the Earl of Seafield continued as Lord Chancellor of Scotland until 1708. He was re-appointed in 1713 and sat as an Extraordinary Lord of Session in that capacity until his death in 1730.


It has been argued that the office is only in abeyance and could potentially be revived. In the event of Scottish independence, the Scottish National Party proposes that the Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament become Chancellor of Scotland, with additional constitutional powers during the absence of the Monarch from Scotland. In this respect, the Chancellor would hold a role similar to that of a Governor-General in the Commonwealth realms.[1]




Contents





  • 1 List of Lord Chancellors of Scotland

    • 1.1 David I


    • 1.2 Malcolm IV


    • 1.3 William I


    • 1.4 Alexander II


    • 1.5 Alexander III


    • 1.6 English Appointees during the Interregnum


    • 1.7 Robert I


    • 1.8 David II


    • 1.9 Robert II


    • 1.10 Robert III


    • 1.11 James I


    • 1.12 James II


    • 1.13 James III


    • 1.14 James IV


    • 1.15 James V


    • 1.16 Mary I


    • 1.17 James VI


    • 1.18 Charles I


    • 1.19 Charles II


    • 1.20 James VII


    • 1.21 William III and Mary II


    • 1.22 Anne



  • 2 See also


  • 3 References

    • 3.1 Notes


    • 3.2 Sources





List of Lord Chancellors of Scotland




James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of SeafieldJohn Hay, 2nd Marquess of TweeddaleJames Ogilvy, 1st Earl of SeafieldPatrick Hume, 1st Earl of MarchmontJohn Hay, 1st Marquess of TweeddaleJames Drummond, 4th Earl of PerthGeorge Gordon, 1st Earl of AberdeenJohn Leslie, 1st Duke of RothesWilliam Cunningham, 9th Earl of GlencairnJohn Campbell, 1st Earl of LoudounJohn Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St AndrewsGeorge Hay, 1st Earl of KinnoullAlexander Seton, 1st Earl of DunfermlineJohn Graham, 3rd Earl of MontroseSir John MaitlandJames Stewart, Earl of ArranColin Campbell, 6th Earl of ArgyllJohn Stewart, 4th Earl of AthollArchibald Campbell, 5th Earl of ArgyllJames Douglas, 4th Earl of MortonGeorge Gordon, 5th Earl of HuntlyJames Douglas, 4th Earl of MortonGeorge Gordon, 4th Earl of HuntlyCardinal David Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrew'sGavin Dunbar, Archbishop of GlasgowArchibald Douglas, 6th Earl of AngusJames Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow, St Andrew'sAlexander Stewart, Archbishop of St Andrew'sGeorge Gordon, 2nd Earl of HuntlyArchibald Douglas, 5th Earl of AngusColin Campbell, 1st Earl of ArgyllWilliam Elphinstone, Bishop of AberdeenColin Campbell, 1st Earl of ArgyllWilliam Sinclair, 3rd Earl of OrkneyJames Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrew'sSir William CrichtonWilliam Caldwell (Lord Chancellor)Bernard de Linton, Abbot of Arbroath


David I


  • 1124-1126: John Capellanus

  • 1126-1143: Herbert of Selkirk

  • bef.1143-1145: Edward, Bishop of Aberdeen

  • c.1147–c.1150: William Comyn

  • bef.1150-1153: Walter, possibly Walter fitz Alan[2]


Malcolm IV


  • 1153–1165: Enguerrand, Bishop of Glasgow


William I


  • 1165-1171: Nicholas

  • c.1171-1178: Walter de Bidun, Bishop of Dunkeld

  • c.1178–1189: Roger de Beaumont, Bishop of St Andrews

  • 1189–1199: Hugh de Roxburgh, Bishop of Glasgow

  • 1199–1202: William de Malveisin, Bishop of Glasgow

  • 1203-1210: Florence of Holland, Bishop-elect of Glasgow

  • 1211-1224: William del Bois, Archdeacon of Lothian


Alexander II


  • 1226-1227: Thomas de Stirling, Archdeacon of Glasgow

  • 1227-1230: Matthew the Scot, Bishop-elect of Dunkeld

  • 1231–1233: William de Bondington, Bishop of Glasgow

  • 1233-1249: Sir William de Lindsay


Alexander III


  • 1249–1250: Robert de Keldeleth, Abbot of Dunfermline

  • 1250-1253: Gamelin, Bishop of St Andrews

  • 1256–1257: Richard de Inverkeithing, Bishop of Dunkeld

  • 1259-1273: William Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow

  • 1273–c.1279: William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews

  • 1285-1291: Thomas Charteris, Archdeacon of Lothian


English Appointees during the Interregnum


  • 1291: Alan de St Edmund, Bishop of Caithness

  • 1292: William de Dumfries

  • 1292: Alan de Dumfries

  • 1294-1295: Thomas de Hunsinghore

  • 1295-1296: Alexander Kennedy

  • c.1301–c.1305: Nicholas de Balmyle, Bishop of Dunblane


Robert I


  • 1308–1328: Bernard, Abbot of Arbroath (later Bishop of the Isles)


David II


  • 1328-1329: Walter de Twynham, Rector of Glasgow Primo

  • 1329-1332: Adam de Moravia, Bishop of Brechin

  • 1338-1341: William Bullock, Chancellor to Edward Baliol[3]

  • 1342: William de Bosco

  • 1335x1340–1346: Sir Thomas Charteris

  • 1350-1352: William Caldwell

  • 1353–1370: Patrick de Leuchars, Bishop of Brechin


Robert II


  • 1370–1377: John de Carrick, Bishop-elect of Dunkeld

  • 1377–1390: John de Peebles, Bishop of Dunkeld


Robert III


  • 1394: Duncan Petit, Archdeacon of Glasgow

  • 1396-1421: Gilbert de Greenlaw, Bishop of Aberdeen


James I


  • 1422–1425: William Lauder, Bishop of Glasgow

  • 1426–1439: John Cameron, Bishop of Glasgow


James II


  • 1439–c.1444: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton

  • 1444: James Kennedy, Archbishop of Saint Andrews

  • 1444-1447: James Bruce, Bishop of Dunkeld and Glasgow

  • 1447–1453: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton,

  • 1454–1456: William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness

  • 1457–1460: George Shoreswood, Bishop of Brechin


James III


  • 1460–1482: Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avandale

  • 1482–1483: John Laing, Bishop of Glasgow

  • 1483: James Livingstone, Bishop of Dunkeld

  • 1483–1488: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll


James IV


  • 1488 (Feb–Jun): William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen

  • 1488–1492: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll

  • 1493–1497: Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus

  • 1497–1501: George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly

  • 1501–1504: James Stewart, Duke of Ross

  • 1510–1513: Alexander Stewart (d. 1513), Archbishop of St Andrews


James V


  • 1513–1526: James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow (later Archbishop of St Andrews)

  • 1527–1528: Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus

  • 1528–1543: Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow


Mary I


  • 1543–1546: David Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews

  • 1546–1562: George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly

  • 1563–1566: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton

  • 1566–1567: George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly


James VI


  • 1567–1573: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton

  • 1573 (Jan–Sep): Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll

  • 1573–1578: John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis

  • 1578–1579: John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl

  • 1579–1584: Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll

  • 1584–1585: James Stewart, Earl of Arran

  • 1586–1595: John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane

  • 1599–1604: John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose

  • 1604–1622: Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline

  • 1622–1634: George Hay, 1st Earl of Kinnoull


Charles I


  • 1635–1638: John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St Andrews

  • 1638–1641: James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton

  • 1641–1660: John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun


Charles II


  • 1660–1664: William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn

  • 1664–1681: John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes (1st Duke of Rothes from 29 May 1680)

  • 1681-1682: Office vacant

  • 1682–1684: George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen


James VII


  • 1684–1689: James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth


William III and Mary II


  • 1689-1692: In commission

  • 1692–1696: John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale

  • 1696–1702: Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont


Anne


  • 1702–1704: James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield

  • 1704–1705: John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale

  • 1705–1707: James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield


See also


  • Director of Chancery

  • Privy Council of Scotland

  • Treasurer of Scotland

  • Treasurer-depute of Scotland

  • Secretary of State, Scotland

  • List of Masters of Requests


References



Notes




  1. ^
    Principles of the Constitution, at constitutionalcommission.org (.pdf file)


  2. ^ Cowan, p. 70


  3. ^ Cowan, p159




Sources


  • Cowan, Samuel, The Lord Chancellors of Scotland Edinburgh 1911. [1]

  • "Lord chancellors of Scotland in the Oxford DNB", in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2007 accessed 20 Feb 2007[permanent dead link]


  • Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)


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