Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation


Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) is a Transport Layer Security (TLS) extension for application layer protocol negotiation. ALPN allows the application layer to negotiate which protocol should be performed over a secure connection in a manner that avoids additional round trips and which is independent of the application layer protocols. It is needed by secure HTTP/2 connections, which improves the compression of web pages and reduces their latency compared to HTTP/1.x. The ALPN and HTTP/2 standards emerged from development work done by Google on the now withdrawn SPDY protocol.




Contents





  • 1 Support


  • 2 History


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links




Support


ALPN is supported by these libraries.



  • GnuTLS since version 3.2.0 released in May 2013.[1]


  • MatrixSSL since version 3.7.1 released in December 2014.[2]


  • Network Security Services since version 3.15.5 released in April 2014.[3]


  • OpenSSL since version 1.0.2 released in January 2015.[4]


  • LibreSSL since version 2.1.3 released in January 2015.[5]


  • mbed TLS (previously PolarSSL) since version 1.3.6 released in April 2014.[6]


  • SChannel since 8.1 / 2012 R2.


  • s2n since its original public release in June 2015.


  • wolfSSL (formerly CyaSSL) since version 3.7.0 released in October 2015. [7]


  • Go (in the standard library crypto/tls package) since version 1.4 released in December 2014. [8]

  • picotls[9]


  • JSSE in Java since JDK 9 released in September 2017.[10]


History


On July 11, 2014, ALPN was published as RFC 7301. ALPN replaces NPN [11]


TLS False Start was disabled in Google Chrome from version 20 (2012) onward except for websites with the earlier Next Protocol Negotiation (NPN) extension.[12]



References




  1. ^ "gnutls 3.2.0". Retrieved 2015-01-26..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ "MatrixSSL - News". 2014-12-04. Archived from the original on 2015-02-14. Retrieved 2015-01-26.


  3. ^ "NSS 3.15.5 release notes". Mozilla Developer Network. Mozilla. Retrieved 2015-01-26.


  4. ^ "OpenSSL 1.0.2 release notes". The OpenSSL Project. The OpenSSL Project. 2015-01-22. Retrieved 2015-01-26.


  5. ^ "LibreSSL 2.1.3 released". 2015-01-22. Retrieved 2015-01-26.


  6. ^ "Download overview - PolarSSL". 2014-04-11. Retrieved 2015-01-26.


  7. ^ "wolfSSL Release Change Log". 2015-10-26. Retrieved 2015-09-11.


  8. ^ "Go 1.4 Release Notes". 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2017-11-28.


  9. ^ "Picotls". Github. Retrieved 2 August 2018.


  10. ^ "JEP 244: TLS Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Extension". 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2018-08-29.


  11. ^ Langley, Adam. "» NPN and ALPN". Retrieved 2 April 2013.


  12. ^ Langley, Adam. "False Start's Failure (11 Apr 2012)". Retrieved 25 September 2013.




External links




  • The registry of ALPN protocol IDs is maintained by IANA as a TLS extension.


  • draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg-04 (NPN draft) (last updated: May 2012)


  • RFC 7301 "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Extension"





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