Given a three digit number $n$, let $f(n)$ be the sum of digits of $n$, their products in pairs, and the product of all digits. When does $n=f(n)$?

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This is my first time posting so do correct me if I am doing anything wrong.



Please help me with this math problem from the British Maths Olympiad (1994 British Maths Olympiad1 Q1 Number Theory).




Starting with any three digit number $n$ (such as $n = 625$) we obtain a new number $f(n)$ which is equal to the sum of the three digits of $n$, their three products in pairs, and the product of all three digits.
Find all three digit numbers such that $fracnf(n)=1$.




The only solution I found is $199$, can someone verify it please?










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  • in the definition of $f$, are you concatenating the three results? Can you give an example of a pair $(n,f(n))$?
    – mathworker21
    Nov 19 at 5:44










  • So $f(199) = 19, 9918, 81$?
    – steven gregory
    Nov 19 at 5:45






  • 1




    @mathworker21`@stevengregory For example if $n=625$, $f(n)=6+2+5+6*2+6*5+2*5+6*2*5$
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 5:51






  • 2




    to do this problem, write $n = 100a+10b+c$ and just write everything out and solve the equation you get
    – mathworker21
    Nov 19 at 5:56






  • 1




    @mathworker21, I have tried that but I didn't get too far, can you try it if you have time? I also thought about factorising a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc as (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)-1 but still wasn't able to get far. For number theory Olympiad problems are there systematic methods or does it require a different method every time.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:00














up vote
3
down vote

favorite
1












This is my first time posting so do correct me if I am doing anything wrong.



Please help me with this math problem from the British Maths Olympiad (1994 British Maths Olympiad1 Q1 Number Theory).




Starting with any three digit number $n$ (such as $n = 625$) we obtain a new number $f(n)$ which is equal to the sum of the three digits of $n$, their three products in pairs, and the product of all three digits.
Find all three digit numbers such that $fracnf(n)=1$.




The only solution I found is $199$, can someone verify it please?










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




3684 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.



















  • in the definition of $f$, are you concatenating the three results? Can you give an example of a pair $(n,f(n))$?
    – mathworker21
    Nov 19 at 5:44










  • So $f(199) = 19, 9918, 81$?
    – steven gregory
    Nov 19 at 5:45






  • 1




    @mathworker21`@stevengregory For example if $n=625$, $f(n)=6+2+5+6*2+6*5+2*5+6*2*5$
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 5:51






  • 2




    to do this problem, write $n = 100a+10b+c$ and just write everything out and solve the equation you get
    – mathworker21
    Nov 19 at 5:56






  • 1




    @mathworker21, I have tried that but I didn't get too far, can you try it if you have time? I also thought about factorising a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc as (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)-1 but still wasn't able to get far. For number theory Olympiad problems are there systematic methods or does it require a different method every time.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:00












up vote
3
down vote

favorite
1









up vote
3
down vote

favorite
1






1





This is my first time posting so do correct me if I am doing anything wrong.



Please help me with this math problem from the British Maths Olympiad (1994 British Maths Olympiad1 Q1 Number Theory).




Starting with any three digit number $n$ (such as $n = 625$) we obtain a new number $f(n)$ which is equal to the sum of the three digits of $n$, their three products in pairs, and the product of all three digits.
Find all three digit numbers such that $fracnf(n)=1$.




The only solution I found is $199$, can someone verify it please?










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




3684 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











This is my first time posting so do correct me if I am doing anything wrong.



Please help me with this math problem from the British Maths Olympiad (1994 British Maths Olympiad1 Q1 Number Theory).




Starting with any three digit number $n$ (such as $n = 625$) we obtain a new number $f(n)$ which is equal to the sum of the three digits of $n$, their three products in pairs, and the product of all three digits.
Find all three digit numbers such that $fracnf(n)=1$.




The only solution I found is $199$, can someone verify it please?







elementary-number-theory contest-math






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3684 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











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edited Nov 19 at 12:31









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asked Nov 19 at 5:36









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  • in the definition of $f$, are you concatenating the three results? Can you give an example of a pair $(n,f(n))$?
    – mathworker21
    Nov 19 at 5:44










  • So $f(199) = 19, 9918, 81$?
    – steven gregory
    Nov 19 at 5:45






  • 1




    @mathworker21`@stevengregory For example if $n=625$, $f(n)=6+2+5+6*2+6*5+2*5+6*2*5$
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 5:51






  • 2




    to do this problem, write $n = 100a+10b+c$ and just write everything out and solve the equation you get
    – mathworker21
    Nov 19 at 5:56






  • 1




    @mathworker21, I have tried that but I didn't get too far, can you try it if you have time? I also thought about factorising a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc as (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)-1 but still wasn't able to get far. For number theory Olympiad problems are there systematic methods or does it require a different method every time.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:00
















  • in the definition of $f$, are you concatenating the three results? Can you give an example of a pair $(n,f(n))$?
    – mathworker21
    Nov 19 at 5:44










  • So $f(199) = 19, 9918, 81$?
    – steven gregory
    Nov 19 at 5:45






  • 1




    @mathworker21`@stevengregory For example if $n=625$, $f(n)=6+2+5+6*2+6*5+2*5+6*2*5$
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 5:51






  • 2




    to do this problem, write $n = 100a+10b+c$ and just write everything out and solve the equation you get
    – mathworker21
    Nov 19 at 5:56






  • 1




    @mathworker21, I have tried that but I didn't get too far, can you try it if you have time? I also thought about factorising a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc as (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)-1 but still wasn't able to get far. For number theory Olympiad problems are there systematic methods or does it require a different method every time.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:00















in the definition of $f$, are you concatenating the three results? Can you give an example of a pair $(n,f(n))$?
– mathworker21
Nov 19 at 5:44




in the definition of $f$, are you concatenating the three results? Can you give an example of a pair $(n,f(n))$?
– mathworker21
Nov 19 at 5:44












So $f(199) = 19, 9918, 81$?
– steven gregory
Nov 19 at 5:45




So $f(199) = 19, 9918, 81$?
– steven gregory
Nov 19 at 5:45




1




1




@mathworker21`@stevengregory For example if $n=625$, $f(n)=6+2+5+6*2+6*5+2*5+6*2*5$
– 3684
Nov 19 at 5:51




@mathworker21`@stevengregory For example if $n=625$, $f(n)=6+2+5+6*2+6*5+2*5+6*2*5$
– 3684
Nov 19 at 5:51




2




2




to do this problem, write $n = 100a+10b+c$ and just write everything out and solve the equation you get
– mathworker21
Nov 19 at 5:56




to do this problem, write $n = 100a+10b+c$ and just write everything out and solve the equation you get
– mathworker21
Nov 19 at 5:56




1




1




@mathworker21, I have tried that but I didn't get too far, can you try it if you have time? I also thought about factorising a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc as (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)-1 but still wasn't able to get far. For number theory Olympiad problems are there systematic methods or does it require a different method every time.
– 3684
Nov 19 at 6:00




@mathworker21, I have tried that but I didn't get too far, can you try it if you have time? I also thought about factorising a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc as (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)-1 but still wasn't able to get far. For number theory Olympiad problems are there systematic methods or does it require a different method every time.
– 3684
Nov 19 at 6:00










2 Answers
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Let $n=100a+10b+c,$ where $a> 0$ and $b,cgeq 0$. We are trying to solve $$100a+10b+c=a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc \ implies 99a+9b=abc+ab+ac+bc \ implies a(99-b-c-bc)=b(c-9) \$$$c-9leq 0$, but $b+c+bcleq 99$. So the above equation holds iff $b=c=9$, which means $a$ can take any value.






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  • May I ask how you got to the solution so quick, do you just see the solution?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:13










  • @3684 this problem is fairly 'routine'. Plus, I might've seen this before/its associated solution, but I wouldn't remember if I did
    – user574848
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • How many main 'routine' methods to solve number theory problems would you say there are? At higher levels do you think each question requires some different insight.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:19

















up vote
8
down vote













Here's part $(b)$ because I'm assuming you don't need help with part $(a)$:




We want to compute all possible integers $n$ such that $fracnf(n) = 1$. Since we know that, by assumption, $n$ is a three-digit number, we can write



$$n = 100a + 10b + c,$$



where $a, b, c$ are integers. If this is the case, in terms of our newly defined variables $a$, $b$, and $c$, we can express $f(n)$ as follows:



$$f(n) = abc + ab + bc + ac + a + b + c.$$



Now, in order to have $fracnf(n) = 1,$ we must have $n = f(n)$. This happens when



$$99a + 9b = abc + ab + bc + ac$$



$$Longleftrightarrow (9-c)b = a(bc + b + c - 99) $$



Also, we must have $b, c leq 9,$ which implies $bc + b + c - 99 leq 0$. However, since $a neq 0$ (if $a = 0$, we would be able to form a two or one-digit number instead of a three-digit one!), we conclude $b = c = 9$. Therefore, our solution set is given by



$$boxed199, 299, 399, 499, 599, 699, 799, 899, 999$$






share|cite|improve this answer








New contributor




Ekesh is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

















  • Thank you for your answer, sorry I could only accept one answer. May I ask how you see the solution so quick?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • It's okay. Hopefully my answer still helps you. I also used to participate in math competitions. I think that the best way to get faster is to just practice by doing many problems.
    – Ekesh
    Nov 19 at 6:18











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2 Answers
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2 Answers
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active

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up vote
9
down vote



accepted










Let $n=100a+10b+c,$ where $a> 0$ and $b,cgeq 0$. We are trying to solve $$100a+10b+c=a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc \ implies 99a+9b=abc+ab+ac+bc \ implies a(99-b-c-bc)=b(c-9) \$$$c-9leq 0$, but $b+c+bcleq 99$. So the above equation holds iff $b=c=9$, which means $a$ can take any value.






share|cite|improve this answer




















  • May I ask how you got to the solution so quick, do you just see the solution?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:13










  • @3684 this problem is fairly 'routine'. Plus, I might've seen this before/its associated solution, but I wouldn't remember if I did
    – user574848
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • How many main 'routine' methods to solve number theory problems would you say there are? At higher levels do you think each question requires some different insight.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:19














up vote
9
down vote



accepted










Let $n=100a+10b+c,$ where $a> 0$ and $b,cgeq 0$. We are trying to solve $$100a+10b+c=a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc \ implies 99a+9b=abc+ab+ac+bc \ implies a(99-b-c-bc)=b(c-9) \$$$c-9leq 0$, but $b+c+bcleq 99$. So the above equation holds iff $b=c=9$, which means $a$ can take any value.






share|cite|improve this answer




















  • May I ask how you got to the solution so quick, do you just see the solution?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:13










  • @3684 this problem is fairly 'routine'. Plus, I might've seen this before/its associated solution, but I wouldn't remember if I did
    – user574848
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • How many main 'routine' methods to solve number theory problems would you say there are? At higher levels do you think each question requires some different insight.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:19












up vote
9
down vote



accepted







up vote
9
down vote



accepted






Let $n=100a+10b+c,$ where $a> 0$ and $b,cgeq 0$. We are trying to solve $$100a+10b+c=a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc \ implies 99a+9b=abc+ab+ac+bc \ implies a(99-b-c-bc)=b(c-9) \$$$c-9leq 0$, but $b+c+bcleq 99$. So the above equation holds iff $b=c=9$, which means $a$ can take any value.






share|cite|improve this answer












Let $n=100a+10b+c,$ where $a> 0$ and $b,cgeq 0$. We are trying to solve $$100a+10b+c=a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc \ implies 99a+9b=abc+ab+ac+bc \ implies a(99-b-c-bc)=b(c-9) \$$$c-9leq 0$, but $b+c+bcleq 99$. So the above equation holds iff $b=c=9$, which means $a$ can take any value.







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Nov 19 at 6:07









user574848

12712




12712











  • May I ask how you got to the solution so quick, do you just see the solution?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:13










  • @3684 this problem is fairly 'routine'. Plus, I might've seen this before/its associated solution, but I wouldn't remember if I did
    – user574848
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • How many main 'routine' methods to solve number theory problems would you say there are? At higher levels do you think each question requires some different insight.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:19
















  • May I ask how you got to the solution so quick, do you just see the solution?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:13










  • @3684 this problem is fairly 'routine'. Plus, I might've seen this before/its associated solution, but I wouldn't remember if I did
    – user574848
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • How many main 'routine' methods to solve number theory problems would you say there are? At higher levels do you think each question requires some different insight.
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:19















May I ask how you got to the solution so quick, do you just see the solution?
– 3684
Nov 19 at 6:13




May I ask how you got to the solution so quick, do you just see the solution?
– 3684
Nov 19 at 6:13












@3684 this problem is fairly 'routine'. Plus, I might've seen this before/its associated solution, but I wouldn't remember if I did
– user574848
Nov 19 at 6:15




@3684 this problem is fairly 'routine'. Plus, I might've seen this before/its associated solution, but I wouldn't remember if I did
– user574848
Nov 19 at 6:15












How many main 'routine' methods to solve number theory problems would you say there are? At higher levels do you think each question requires some different insight.
– 3684
Nov 19 at 6:19




How many main 'routine' methods to solve number theory problems would you say there are? At higher levels do you think each question requires some different insight.
– 3684
Nov 19 at 6:19










up vote
8
down vote













Here's part $(b)$ because I'm assuming you don't need help with part $(a)$:




We want to compute all possible integers $n$ such that $fracnf(n) = 1$. Since we know that, by assumption, $n$ is a three-digit number, we can write



$$n = 100a + 10b + c,$$



where $a, b, c$ are integers. If this is the case, in terms of our newly defined variables $a$, $b$, and $c$, we can express $f(n)$ as follows:



$$f(n) = abc + ab + bc + ac + a + b + c.$$



Now, in order to have $fracnf(n) = 1,$ we must have $n = f(n)$. This happens when



$$99a + 9b = abc + ab + bc + ac$$



$$Longleftrightarrow (9-c)b = a(bc + b + c - 99) $$



Also, we must have $b, c leq 9,$ which implies $bc + b + c - 99 leq 0$. However, since $a neq 0$ (if $a = 0$, we would be able to form a two or one-digit number instead of a three-digit one!), we conclude $b = c = 9$. Therefore, our solution set is given by



$$boxed199, 299, 399, 499, 599, 699, 799, 899, 999$$






share|cite|improve this answer








New contributor




Ekesh is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

















  • Thank you for your answer, sorry I could only accept one answer. May I ask how you see the solution so quick?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • It's okay. Hopefully my answer still helps you. I also used to participate in math competitions. I think that the best way to get faster is to just practice by doing many problems.
    – Ekesh
    Nov 19 at 6:18















up vote
8
down vote













Here's part $(b)$ because I'm assuming you don't need help with part $(a)$:




We want to compute all possible integers $n$ such that $fracnf(n) = 1$. Since we know that, by assumption, $n$ is a three-digit number, we can write



$$n = 100a + 10b + c,$$



where $a, b, c$ are integers. If this is the case, in terms of our newly defined variables $a$, $b$, and $c$, we can express $f(n)$ as follows:



$$f(n) = abc + ab + bc + ac + a + b + c.$$



Now, in order to have $fracnf(n) = 1,$ we must have $n = f(n)$. This happens when



$$99a + 9b = abc + ab + bc + ac$$



$$Longleftrightarrow (9-c)b = a(bc + b + c - 99) $$



Also, we must have $b, c leq 9,$ which implies $bc + b + c - 99 leq 0$. However, since $a neq 0$ (if $a = 0$, we would be able to form a two or one-digit number instead of a three-digit one!), we conclude $b = c = 9$. Therefore, our solution set is given by



$$boxed199, 299, 399, 499, 599, 699, 799, 899, 999$$






share|cite|improve this answer








New contributor




Ekesh is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

















  • Thank you for your answer, sorry I could only accept one answer. May I ask how you see the solution so quick?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • It's okay. Hopefully my answer still helps you. I also used to participate in math competitions. I think that the best way to get faster is to just practice by doing many problems.
    – Ekesh
    Nov 19 at 6:18













up vote
8
down vote










up vote
8
down vote









Here's part $(b)$ because I'm assuming you don't need help with part $(a)$:




We want to compute all possible integers $n$ such that $fracnf(n) = 1$. Since we know that, by assumption, $n$ is a three-digit number, we can write



$$n = 100a + 10b + c,$$



where $a, b, c$ are integers. If this is the case, in terms of our newly defined variables $a$, $b$, and $c$, we can express $f(n)$ as follows:



$$f(n) = abc + ab + bc + ac + a + b + c.$$



Now, in order to have $fracnf(n) = 1,$ we must have $n = f(n)$. This happens when



$$99a + 9b = abc + ab + bc + ac$$



$$Longleftrightarrow (9-c)b = a(bc + b + c - 99) $$



Also, we must have $b, c leq 9,$ which implies $bc + b + c - 99 leq 0$. However, since $a neq 0$ (if $a = 0$, we would be able to form a two or one-digit number instead of a three-digit one!), we conclude $b = c = 9$. Therefore, our solution set is given by



$$boxed199, 299, 399, 499, 599, 699, 799, 899, 999$$






share|cite|improve this answer








New contributor




Ekesh is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









Here's part $(b)$ because I'm assuming you don't need help with part $(a)$:




We want to compute all possible integers $n$ such that $fracnf(n) = 1$. Since we know that, by assumption, $n$ is a three-digit number, we can write



$$n = 100a + 10b + c,$$



where $a, b, c$ are integers. If this is the case, in terms of our newly defined variables $a$, $b$, and $c$, we can express $f(n)$ as follows:



$$f(n) = abc + ab + bc + ac + a + b + c.$$



Now, in order to have $fracnf(n) = 1,$ we must have $n = f(n)$. This happens when



$$99a + 9b = abc + ab + bc + ac$$



$$Longleftrightarrow (9-c)b = a(bc + b + c - 99) $$



Also, we must have $b, c leq 9,$ which implies $bc + b + c - 99 leq 0$. However, since $a neq 0$ (if $a = 0$, we would be able to form a two or one-digit number instead of a three-digit one!), we conclude $b = c = 9$. Therefore, our solution set is given by



$$boxed199, 299, 399, 499, 599, 699, 799, 899, 999$$







share|cite|improve this answer








New contributor




Ekesh is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer






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answered Nov 19 at 6:08









Ekesh

3715




3715




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New contributor





Ekesh is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Ekesh is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











  • Thank you for your answer, sorry I could only accept one answer. May I ask how you see the solution so quick?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • It's okay. Hopefully my answer still helps you. I also used to participate in math competitions. I think that the best way to get faster is to just practice by doing many problems.
    – Ekesh
    Nov 19 at 6:18

















  • Thank you for your answer, sorry I could only accept one answer. May I ask how you see the solution so quick?
    – 3684
    Nov 19 at 6:15










  • It's okay. Hopefully my answer still helps you. I also used to participate in math competitions. I think that the best way to get faster is to just practice by doing many problems.
    – Ekesh
    Nov 19 at 6:18
















Thank you for your answer, sorry I could only accept one answer. May I ask how you see the solution so quick?
– 3684
Nov 19 at 6:15




Thank you for your answer, sorry I could only accept one answer. May I ask how you see the solution so quick?
– 3684
Nov 19 at 6:15












It's okay. Hopefully my answer still helps you. I also used to participate in math competitions. I think that the best way to get faster is to just practice by doing many problems.
– Ekesh
Nov 19 at 6:18





It's okay. Hopefully my answer still helps you. I also used to participate in math competitions. I think that the best way to get faster is to just practice by doing many problems.
– Ekesh
Nov 19 at 6:18











3684 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









 

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3684 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.












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3684 is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.













 


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