How do space suits offer heat protection i.e. during the lunar day?

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I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.



This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?










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  • Space suits, mostly.
    – Marcus Müller
    Aug 11 at 11:55











  • @Marcus with a freezing unit?
    – J. Doe
    Aug 11 at 12:35






  • 1




    In addition to these excellent answers, you may also enjoy reading the answers to How have space suits dissipated the heat removed from astronauts?
    – uhoh
    Aug 18 at 7:42














up vote
12
down vote

favorite
1












I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.



This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?










share|improve this question























  • Space suits, mostly.
    – Marcus Müller
    Aug 11 at 11:55











  • @Marcus with a freezing unit?
    – J. Doe
    Aug 11 at 12:35






  • 1




    In addition to these excellent answers, you may also enjoy reading the answers to How have space suits dissipated the heat removed from astronauts?
    – uhoh
    Aug 18 at 7:42












up vote
12
down vote

favorite
1









up vote
12
down vote

favorite
1






1





I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.



This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?










share|improve this question















I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.



This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?







the-moon spacesuits






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edited Aug 15 at 13:23









Martin Schröder

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2571216










asked Aug 11 at 11:30









J. Doe

654322




654322











  • Space suits, mostly.
    – Marcus Müller
    Aug 11 at 11:55











  • @Marcus with a freezing unit?
    – J. Doe
    Aug 11 at 12:35






  • 1




    In addition to these excellent answers, you may also enjoy reading the answers to How have space suits dissipated the heat removed from astronauts?
    – uhoh
    Aug 18 at 7:42
















  • Space suits, mostly.
    – Marcus Müller
    Aug 11 at 11:55











  • @Marcus with a freezing unit?
    – J. Doe
    Aug 11 at 12:35






  • 1




    In addition to these excellent answers, you may also enjoy reading the answers to How have space suits dissipated the heat removed from astronauts?
    – uhoh
    Aug 18 at 7:42















Space suits, mostly.
– Marcus Müller
Aug 11 at 11:55





Space suits, mostly.
– Marcus Müller
Aug 11 at 11:55













@Marcus with a freezing unit?
– J. Doe
Aug 11 at 12:35




@Marcus with a freezing unit?
– J. Doe
Aug 11 at 12:35




1




1




In addition to these excellent answers, you may also enjoy reading the answers to How have space suits dissipated the heat removed from astronauts?
– uhoh
Aug 18 at 7:42




In addition to these excellent answers, you may also enjoy reading the answers to How have space suits dissipated the heat removed from astronauts?
– uhoh
Aug 18 at 7:42










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
22
down vote



accepted











I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.




That's how hot the lunar surface can get at the equator, about 2/3 of the way into the 2 week long lunar day. Those high temperatures were a concern; this is one of the reasons all of the Apollo landings took place within 12 to 48 hours after sunrise at the landing site. The lunar surface wasn't close to that maximum temperature during the astronauts' short stays on the lunar surface. Parts of the surface visited by the astronauts were in fact rather cool because some places remained in shadow. Keep in mind that this is the lunar surface temperature. The Moon essentially has no atmosphere. The key defense against both overly hot and overly cold lunar surface temperatures was well insulated boots and overshoes.



The insulated boots and overshoes are examples of passive thermal control. Another set of examples are the very white space suits the astronauts wore while performing an EVA and the insulation inside those suits. Sunlight is considerably more intense on the Moon than it is on the surface of the Earth due to the Moon's lack of an atmosphere; it represents a much greater thermal threat than does the Moon's surface. The space suits were made to be white to combat this threat. Even with this, the inside of the side of the space suit facing the Sun could become very hot, while the inside of the side of the space suit shadowed from the Sun could become very cold. To combat this, the space suits had multiple layers of insulation between the outer shell and the human within.




This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?




Space suits do not normally protect from cold. A widely stated but completely incorrect statement is that space is cold. Near-Earth space is not that cold. The side of an object in space that faces the Sun experiences much worse warming from the Sun than the same object would experience in the Sahari. The side of that object in space that faces away from the Sun will cool due to thermal radiation, but thermal radiation is a rather inefficient cooling mechanism.



The insulation in an astronaut's space suit means that astronauts are made somewhat immune to radiational heating from the Sun and radiational cooling to empty space. They are not immune to internal heat buildup due to heat produced by an astronaut's metabolism or by the life support system that sustains the astronaut while on EVA. Getting rid of this heat is the key remaining challenge in space suit design.



The Apollo space suits did this via a sublimator, a mechanical device similar to how sweating cools the human body. This required about 4 liters of water per Apollo astronaut per day, making that water a significant consumable.






share|improve this answer



























    up vote
    14
    down vote













    The astronauts wore a cooling undergarment called a union suit. It consisted of:




    a network of flexible tubes embedded in a mesh fabric, this water-cooled underwear is linked to the vital backpack portable life support system (PLSS) where the water and oxygen are stored and metered for precise circulation. The cooling is necessary because body heat cannot dissipate adequately




    Following is a picture of such a cooling undergarment.



    enter image description here






    share|improve this answer


















    • 1




      And the PLSS keeps that coolant loop cool using the system detailed in this question: space.stackexchange.com/questions/15191/…
      – Hobbes
      Aug 11 at 15:30






    • 1




      It's worth mentioning that the space suits were also white on the outside to better reflect sunlight and radiate surface heat away. The cooling system mentioned above really only handles waste body heat, and any cooling system must be able to either store or reject that heat somewhere. In the case of the space suits, the heat was rejected into empty space.
      – MikeB
      Aug 11 at 19:34

















    up vote
    10
    down vote














    normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat




    That is not true. There are three ways to get rid of heat:



    • Conduction (two bodies touching each other)

    • Convection (warming a fluid / gas which then rises up and pulls colder below it)

    • Radiation

    In space, nothing is touching you and there is no air, which leaves only radiation, and that is really inefficient. That's why satellites and the ISS have those large radiators to get rid of the excess heat.



    Without temperature regulation in the spacesuit, you would cook, not freeze to death.



    So, on the lunar surface, you just need a bit larger cooling system than you already have.






    share|improve this answer




















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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes








      up vote
      22
      down vote



      accepted











      I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.




      That's how hot the lunar surface can get at the equator, about 2/3 of the way into the 2 week long lunar day. Those high temperatures were a concern; this is one of the reasons all of the Apollo landings took place within 12 to 48 hours after sunrise at the landing site. The lunar surface wasn't close to that maximum temperature during the astronauts' short stays on the lunar surface. Parts of the surface visited by the astronauts were in fact rather cool because some places remained in shadow. Keep in mind that this is the lunar surface temperature. The Moon essentially has no atmosphere. The key defense against both overly hot and overly cold lunar surface temperatures was well insulated boots and overshoes.



      The insulated boots and overshoes are examples of passive thermal control. Another set of examples are the very white space suits the astronauts wore while performing an EVA and the insulation inside those suits. Sunlight is considerably more intense on the Moon than it is on the surface of the Earth due to the Moon's lack of an atmosphere; it represents a much greater thermal threat than does the Moon's surface. The space suits were made to be white to combat this threat. Even with this, the inside of the side of the space suit facing the Sun could become very hot, while the inside of the side of the space suit shadowed from the Sun could become very cold. To combat this, the space suits had multiple layers of insulation between the outer shell and the human within.




      This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?




      Space suits do not normally protect from cold. A widely stated but completely incorrect statement is that space is cold. Near-Earth space is not that cold. The side of an object in space that faces the Sun experiences much worse warming from the Sun than the same object would experience in the Sahari. The side of that object in space that faces away from the Sun will cool due to thermal radiation, but thermal radiation is a rather inefficient cooling mechanism.



      The insulation in an astronaut's space suit means that astronauts are made somewhat immune to radiational heating from the Sun and radiational cooling to empty space. They are not immune to internal heat buildup due to heat produced by an astronaut's metabolism or by the life support system that sustains the astronaut while on EVA. Getting rid of this heat is the key remaining challenge in space suit design.



      The Apollo space suits did this via a sublimator, a mechanical device similar to how sweating cools the human body. This required about 4 liters of water per Apollo astronaut per day, making that water a significant consumable.






      share|improve this answer
























        up vote
        22
        down vote



        accepted











        I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.




        That's how hot the lunar surface can get at the equator, about 2/3 of the way into the 2 week long lunar day. Those high temperatures were a concern; this is one of the reasons all of the Apollo landings took place within 12 to 48 hours after sunrise at the landing site. The lunar surface wasn't close to that maximum temperature during the astronauts' short stays on the lunar surface. Parts of the surface visited by the astronauts were in fact rather cool because some places remained in shadow. Keep in mind that this is the lunar surface temperature. The Moon essentially has no atmosphere. The key defense against both overly hot and overly cold lunar surface temperatures was well insulated boots and overshoes.



        The insulated boots and overshoes are examples of passive thermal control. Another set of examples are the very white space suits the astronauts wore while performing an EVA and the insulation inside those suits. Sunlight is considerably more intense on the Moon than it is on the surface of the Earth due to the Moon's lack of an atmosphere; it represents a much greater thermal threat than does the Moon's surface. The space suits were made to be white to combat this threat. Even with this, the inside of the side of the space suit facing the Sun could become very hot, while the inside of the side of the space suit shadowed from the Sun could become very cold. To combat this, the space suits had multiple layers of insulation between the outer shell and the human within.




        This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?




        Space suits do not normally protect from cold. A widely stated but completely incorrect statement is that space is cold. Near-Earth space is not that cold. The side of an object in space that faces the Sun experiences much worse warming from the Sun than the same object would experience in the Sahari. The side of that object in space that faces away from the Sun will cool due to thermal radiation, but thermal radiation is a rather inefficient cooling mechanism.



        The insulation in an astronaut's space suit means that astronauts are made somewhat immune to radiational heating from the Sun and radiational cooling to empty space. They are not immune to internal heat buildup due to heat produced by an astronaut's metabolism or by the life support system that sustains the astronaut while on EVA. Getting rid of this heat is the key remaining challenge in space suit design.



        The Apollo space suits did this via a sublimator, a mechanical device similar to how sweating cools the human body. This required about 4 liters of water per Apollo astronaut per day, making that water a significant consumable.






        share|improve this answer






















          up vote
          22
          down vote



          accepted







          up vote
          22
          down vote



          accepted







          I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.




          That's how hot the lunar surface can get at the equator, about 2/3 of the way into the 2 week long lunar day. Those high temperatures were a concern; this is one of the reasons all of the Apollo landings took place within 12 to 48 hours after sunrise at the landing site. The lunar surface wasn't close to that maximum temperature during the astronauts' short stays on the lunar surface. Parts of the surface visited by the astronauts were in fact rather cool because some places remained in shadow. Keep in mind that this is the lunar surface temperature. The Moon essentially has no atmosphere. The key defense against both overly hot and overly cold lunar surface temperatures was well insulated boots and overshoes.



          The insulated boots and overshoes are examples of passive thermal control. Another set of examples are the very white space suits the astronauts wore while performing an EVA and the insulation inside those suits. Sunlight is considerably more intense on the Moon than it is on the surface of the Earth due to the Moon's lack of an atmosphere; it represents a much greater thermal threat than does the Moon's surface. The space suits were made to be white to combat this threat. Even with this, the inside of the side of the space suit facing the Sun could become very hot, while the inside of the side of the space suit shadowed from the Sun could become very cold. To combat this, the space suits had multiple layers of insulation between the outer shell and the human within.




          This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?




          Space suits do not normally protect from cold. A widely stated but completely incorrect statement is that space is cold. Near-Earth space is not that cold. The side of an object in space that faces the Sun experiences much worse warming from the Sun than the same object would experience in the Sahari. The side of that object in space that faces away from the Sun will cool due to thermal radiation, but thermal radiation is a rather inefficient cooling mechanism.



          The insulation in an astronaut's space suit means that astronauts are made somewhat immune to radiational heating from the Sun and radiational cooling to empty space. They are not immune to internal heat buildup due to heat produced by an astronaut's metabolism or by the life support system that sustains the astronaut while on EVA. Getting rid of this heat is the key remaining challenge in space suit design.



          The Apollo space suits did this via a sublimator, a mechanical device similar to how sweating cools the human body. This required about 4 liters of water per Apollo astronaut per day, making that water a significant consumable.






          share|improve this answer













          I didn't know that during lunar day temperature is up to +100°C.




          That's how hot the lunar surface can get at the equator, about 2/3 of the way into the 2 week long lunar day. Those high temperatures were a concern; this is one of the reasons all of the Apollo landings took place within 12 to 48 hours after sunrise at the landing site. The lunar surface wasn't close to that maximum temperature during the astronauts' short stays on the lunar surface. Parts of the surface visited by the astronauts were in fact rather cool because some places remained in shadow. Keep in mind that this is the lunar surface temperature. The Moon essentially has no atmosphere. The key defense against both overly hot and overly cold lunar surface temperatures was well insulated boots and overshoes.



          The insulated boots and overshoes are examples of passive thermal control. Another set of examples are the very white space suits the astronauts wore while performing an EVA and the insulation inside those suits. Sunlight is considerably more intense on the Moon than it is on the surface of the Earth due to the Moon's lack of an atmosphere; it represents a much greater thermal threat than does the Moon's surface. The space suits were made to be white to combat this threat. Even with this, the inside of the side of the space suit facing the Sun could become very hot, while the inside of the side of the space suit shadowed from the Sun could become very cold. To combat this, the space suits had multiple layers of insulation between the outer shell and the human within.




          This would mean US astronauts were rather to protect against heat than cold? How was this solved (normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat)?




          Space suits do not normally protect from cold. A widely stated but completely incorrect statement is that space is cold. Near-Earth space is not that cold. The side of an object in space that faces the Sun experiences much worse warming from the Sun than the same object would experience in the Sahari. The side of that object in space that faces away from the Sun will cool due to thermal radiation, but thermal radiation is a rather inefficient cooling mechanism.



          The insulation in an astronaut's space suit means that astronauts are made somewhat immune to radiational heating from the Sun and radiational cooling to empty space. They are not immune to internal heat buildup due to heat produced by an astronaut's metabolism or by the life support system that sustains the astronaut while on EVA. Getting rid of this heat is the key remaining challenge in space suit design.



          The Apollo space suits did this via a sublimator, a mechanical device similar to how sweating cools the human body. This required about 4 liters of water per Apollo astronaut per day, making that water a significant consumable.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered Aug 11 at 20:57









          David Hammen

          28.2k166125




          28.2k166125




















              up vote
              14
              down vote













              The astronauts wore a cooling undergarment called a union suit. It consisted of:




              a network of flexible tubes embedded in a mesh fabric, this water-cooled underwear is linked to the vital backpack portable life support system (PLSS) where the water and oxygen are stored and metered for precise circulation. The cooling is necessary because body heat cannot dissipate adequately




              Following is a picture of such a cooling undergarment.



              enter image description here






              share|improve this answer


















              • 1




                And the PLSS keeps that coolant loop cool using the system detailed in this question: space.stackexchange.com/questions/15191/…
                – Hobbes
                Aug 11 at 15:30






              • 1




                It's worth mentioning that the space suits were also white on the outside to better reflect sunlight and radiate surface heat away. The cooling system mentioned above really only handles waste body heat, and any cooling system must be able to either store or reject that heat somewhere. In the case of the space suits, the heat was rejected into empty space.
                – MikeB
                Aug 11 at 19:34














              up vote
              14
              down vote













              The astronauts wore a cooling undergarment called a union suit. It consisted of:




              a network of flexible tubes embedded in a mesh fabric, this water-cooled underwear is linked to the vital backpack portable life support system (PLSS) where the water and oxygen are stored and metered for precise circulation. The cooling is necessary because body heat cannot dissipate adequately




              Following is a picture of such a cooling undergarment.



              enter image description here






              share|improve this answer


















              • 1




                And the PLSS keeps that coolant loop cool using the system detailed in this question: space.stackexchange.com/questions/15191/…
                – Hobbes
                Aug 11 at 15:30






              • 1




                It's worth mentioning that the space suits were also white on the outside to better reflect sunlight and radiate surface heat away. The cooling system mentioned above really only handles waste body heat, and any cooling system must be able to either store or reject that heat somewhere. In the case of the space suits, the heat was rejected into empty space.
                – MikeB
                Aug 11 at 19:34












              up vote
              14
              down vote










              up vote
              14
              down vote









              The astronauts wore a cooling undergarment called a union suit. It consisted of:




              a network of flexible tubes embedded in a mesh fabric, this water-cooled underwear is linked to the vital backpack portable life support system (PLSS) where the water and oxygen are stored and metered for precise circulation. The cooling is necessary because body heat cannot dissipate adequately




              Following is a picture of such a cooling undergarment.



              enter image description here






              share|improve this answer














              The astronauts wore a cooling undergarment called a union suit. It consisted of:




              a network of flexible tubes embedded in a mesh fabric, this water-cooled underwear is linked to the vital backpack portable life support system (PLSS) where the water and oxygen are stored and metered for precise circulation. The cooling is necessary because body heat cannot dissipate adequately




              Following is a picture of such a cooling undergarment.



              enter image description here







              share|improve this answer














              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer








              edited Aug 11 at 14:16

























              answered Aug 11 at 14:11









              Fred

              2,8972827




              2,8972827







              • 1




                And the PLSS keeps that coolant loop cool using the system detailed in this question: space.stackexchange.com/questions/15191/…
                – Hobbes
                Aug 11 at 15:30






              • 1




                It's worth mentioning that the space suits were also white on the outside to better reflect sunlight and radiate surface heat away. The cooling system mentioned above really only handles waste body heat, and any cooling system must be able to either store or reject that heat somewhere. In the case of the space suits, the heat was rejected into empty space.
                – MikeB
                Aug 11 at 19:34












              • 1




                And the PLSS keeps that coolant loop cool using the system detailed in this question: space.stackexchange.com/questions/15191/…
                – Hobbes
                Aug 11 at 15:30






              • 1




                It's worth mentioning that the space suits were also white on the outside to better reflect sunlight and radiate surface heat away. The cooling system mentioned above really only handles waste body heat, and any cooling system must be able to either store or reject that heat somewhere. In the case of the space suits, the heat was rejected into empty space.
                – MikeB
                Aug 11 at 19:34







              1




              1




              And the PLSS keeps that coolant loop cool using the system detailed in this question: space.stackexchange.com/questions/15191/…
              – Hobbes
              Aug 11 at 15:30




              And the PLSS keeps that coolant loop cool using the system detailed in this question: space.stackexchange.com/questions/15191/…
              – Hobbes
              Aug 11 at 15:30




              1




              1




              It's worth mentioning that the space suits were also white on the outside to better reflect sunlight and radiate surface heat away. The cooling system mentioned above really only handles waste body heat, and any cooling system must be able to either store or reject that heat somewhere. In the case of the space suits, the heat was rejected into empty space.
              – MikeB
              Aug 11 at 19:34




              It's worth mentioning that the space suits were also white on the outside to better reflect sunlight and radiate surface heat away. The cooling system mentioned above really only handles waste body heat, and any cooling system must be able to either store or reject that heat somewhere. In the case of the space suits, the heat was rejected into empty space.
              – MikeB
              Aug 11 at 19:34










              up vote
              10
              down vote














              normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat




              That is not true. There are three ways to get rid of heat:



              • Conduction (two bodies touching each other)

              • Convection (warming a fluid / gas which then rises up and pulls colder below it)

              • Radiation

              In space, nothing is touching you and there is no air, which leaves only radiation, and that is really inefficient. That's why satellites and the ISS have those large radiators to get rid of the excess heat.



              Without temperature regulation in the spacesuit, you would cook, not freeze to death.



              So, on the lunar surface, you just need a bit larger cooling system than you already have.






              share|improve this answer
























                up vote
                10
                down vote














                normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat




                That is not true. There are three ways to get rid of heat:



                • Conduction (two bodies touching each other)

                • Convection (warming a fluid / gas which then rises up and pulls colder below it)

                • Radiation

                In space, nothing is touching you and there is no air, which leaves only radiation, and that is really inefficient. That's why satellites and the ISS have those large radiators to get rid of the excess heat.



                Without temperature regulation in the spacesuit, you would cook, not freeze to death.



                So, on the lunar surface, you just need a bit larger cooling system than you already have.






                share|improve this answer






















                  up vote
                  10
                  down vote










                  up vote
                  10
                  down vote










                  normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat




                  That is not true. There are three ways to get rid of heat:



                  • Conduction (two bodies touching each other)

                  • Convection (warming a fluid / gas which then rises up and pulls colder below it)

                  • Radiation

                  In space, nothing is touching you and there is no air, which leaves only radiation, and that is really inefficient. That's why satellites and the ISS have those large radiators to get rid of the excess heat.



                  Without temperature regulation in the spacesuit, you would cook, not freeze to death.



                  So, on the lunar surface, you just need a bit larger cooling system than you already have.






                  share|improve this answer













                  normally, space suits protect from cold, not heat




                  That is not true. There are three ways to get rid of heat:



                  • Conduction (two bodies touching each other)

                  • Convection (warming a fluid / gas which then rises up and pulls colder below it)

                  • Radiation

                  In space, nothing is touching you and there is no air, which leaves only radiation, and that is really inefficient. That's why satellites and the ISS have those large radiators to get rid of the excess heat.



                  Without temperature regulation in the spacesuit, you would cook, not freeze to death.



                  So, on the lunar surface, you just need a bit larger cooling system than you already have.







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered Aug 11 at 13:48









                  Jörg W Mittag

                  72859




                  72859



























                       

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