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From my experience, start really simple. I started with a metronome, and played a familiar piece at a variety of tempo's to get me used to listening to the beat and playing the notes in the right time as a result of an external influence.

Move up to a simple backing track cd with a strong beat, something like a blues backing track for beginners. Keep going with it, you'll get used to it eventually.

Playing along with others and keeping in time with them really threw me off to start with, it's still quite difficult until I've settled into it.

Learning to play with others is a skill that needs to be learned just like any other thing that you need to learn to be able to play.

"I’ve practised a piece all week and have it pretty close to perfect"

How do you know it was "close to perfect"? Are you recording or videoing yourself and then playing it back? What you think you hear when you are playing and what you are actually playing could be very different. Any inconsistency in tempo may not be noticeable by yourself but could be a train wreck when playing with others. The recording or video of you playing may show you some stuff you don't realize is an issue otherwise.

Do you practice with a metronome? This could be very helpful. I highly recommend using one.

Do you have access to the backing track at home? If so, play to it as this will help get you used to it. If not, youtube has lots of tracks. Ask your teacher for a copy or if they can provide you a link to a video that is in the correct key/tempo/style that you can practice to.

Is there someone you can play in front of at home? A friend or family member would work fine. Your problem could all just be nerves. Practice preforming in a safe place in front of people that will still love/like you if you aren't great will help ease the nerves and get you used to playing in front of people.

You are taking a class and the instructor knows your playing level and has probably heard this issue in class and is much more likely to be able to help you with it (more so than some random person on the internet who has never heard you play). Ask them for help.

Finally, if you have made friends with anyone in the class ask them to get together and play/practice. You will both improve by doing this. Either one of you might see something in the other player that you can learn from or teach each other. Part of being a musician is making music with others and no better way to do this than to make music with someone that is at the same or similar level as you.

This is a life long journey and the most important thing is stick with and work through issues as they come up. Try not to get discouraged. EVERYONE has problem periods when playing at all levels and the players that become great are the ones that work through them and keep going.

Good luck!!

Backing tracks take no prisoners! They won't stop and wait while you work out what the next note is.

Don't worry about this. You're not alone. Can you get a copy of the backing track to practice with? If you're a computer sort of person you could slow it down a bit (even Windows Media Player has this function). Playing in time is a learned skill.

You could try to play 4 bars of the backing track and then skip 4 bars and try to enter.

(my first thought was you might be stressed by the social situation, but then I remembered how difficult it was as a beginner when I dropped out to reenter. If this is your problem you could practice and train this also without harmonica and see if it works:

I call it tunnel-singing: let the music play, sing a phrase, rest a phrase (as the train would pass in a tunnel) and reenter in the right moment. Then count loud the beats during the rests. If you have no problem by singing try the same with the harmonica.

(During the "tunnel" prepare the instrument that it is filled with air, as far as I understand this instrument, it doesn't have to breath, you only need to turn slightly the hand that there is an other angle, if I'm not mistaken ...)

Maybe when you play alone you unknowingly stop for a fraction of a second whenever you are unsure what to play, or even when you know a difficult part starts. I think I have this problem, with the result that you describe: when playing with a backing track there's not enough time. I would still feel that I can play the song, but only alone. Others gave great advise to practice with metronome, practice re-entering after getting lost. I would add: make sure that you are very fluent reading notes (I'm reading too slow to follow the backing track). And check your progress by playing with a backing track early.

You don't say whether you're playing an improvised line or from notation when you perform to the backing track.

But if you're playing an improvised line I'd suggest at first improvising using exactly the the same simple rhythmic figure in every bar, starting with the first beat of each bar. This is to build awareness of where the downbeat (beat 1) actually is. This approach also helps you anticipate the chord changes as the piece progresses.

Once you're confident with this, use a slightly different rhythmic pattern - starting in the middle of each bar, leading towards beat 1 of the following bar. It sounds as though you go adrift when you lose sight of where you are in the bar. These techniques will help you stay more aware of this.

I'd also ask for a 1:1 session with your teacher - they'll almost certainly be able to spot where you're going wrong.

And finally, it's really brilliant that you're taking up a new musical instrument!

Playing with other people involves bringing a whole lot of skills together. most of which require you to step outside yourself and look back.
First, you have to hear yourself: did I produce the sound I was trying to make? That means comparing what you are hearing to the musical image that was in your head. Then you have to hear what the other person (or persons) your are playing with are doing and compare that to what you are expecting them to be doing.Then you have to hear what your sounds together are doing: are we meshing and are we making an interesting noise? And then,if you are playing specific piece, (as opposed to jamming) you compare that noise to the song in your head...All of this while not losing your place...

Let's break it down.

1. Is the problem physical or mental?

(i) It's physical - This is very likely for a beginner. You are focusing so much on moving your mouth to the right place and breathing that you simply don't have time to listen to others at the same time. When you play on your own, you are, without realising it, stretching your subjective time to fit what you are doing. To an outsider it would sound wrong but to you it sounds fine. Remedy - ask the teacher to give you an easier part to play (say one beat per bar) until you are confident of listening and playing at the same time. Alternatively simply hum along to the tune during class for a while and see if you can keep up that way. If you can then you know the problem is with physically playing the instrument.

(ii) It's mental - Apart from people who have a physical impairment of some kind, walking rhythmically is a natural ability that we develop from an early age. Even with a limp, your walking will still be regular although slightly asymmetrical. Let's suppose you don't have a limp for the moment. If you are unable to walk for some reason then use clapping instead.

Find a simple and familiar march tune online, march on the spot with the soldiers (a) can you keep in step with them? (b) can you hum the tune in time with the musicians while you march? (c) can you march in time and play a single note on the harmonica for each beat? (d) can you march and play the tune? (e) Buy a cheap electronic metronome. Switch off the band. Can you march and play the tune in time with the metronome without listening to the band? (f) can you play in time with the band without marching?

The secret of playing in time with other band members is to both play and listen at the same time. If you concentrate so hard on the instrument that you can't hear anyone else then you are bound to be out of time.

To sum up. Analyse by a method similar to the one I've given above and find precisely where your timekeeping breaks down. That's where you have to do the work. One step at a time!

Good luck and enjoy your music!

Everything has been said up there, or almost, I just wanna share personnal opinion about the metronome : it can help you if you feel that tempo is your major problem, but don't always play with it.

Metronome ruin the feeling of freedom while playing, and can make a song so flat even perfect tempo would sounds incredibly boring.

It can also make it harder to play with other people, while freeing yourself from this machine could let you follow the others and ease the catch up when you miss a note.

Don't forget, as said before, it takes time and eventually it'll get better just practicing more.