Group of 77





























Group of 77
Group of 77 Logo.svg
AbbreviationG77
Named afterNumber of founding Member States
FormationJune 15, 1964; 54 years ago (1964-06-15)
Founded at
Geneva, Switzerland
Type
Intergovernmental voting bloc
PurposeTo provide a forum for developing nations to promote their economic interests
HeadquartersUnited Nations Headquarters
Methods
Collective bargaining, lobbying, reports and studies
FieldsInternational politics
Membership .mw-parser-output .noboldfont-weight:normal
(2019)
134 Member States
Chair of the Group of 77
State of Palestine
AffiliationsUnited Nations
Websitewww.g77.org

The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations is a coalition of 134 developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations.[1] There were 77 founding members of the organization, but by November 2013 the organization had since expanded to 134 member countries (including China).[2] Since China participates in the G77 but does not consider itself to be a member, all official statements are issued in the name of The Group of 77 and China.


Egypt held the Chairmanship for 2018. Palestine, an observer state of the United Nations, is the chair of the group since January 2019.[3]


The group was founded on 15 June 1964, by the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).[4] The first major meeting was in Algiers in 1967, where the Charter of Algiers was adopted and the basis for permanent institutional structures was begun. There are Chapters of the Group of 77 in Geneva (UN), Rome (FAO), Vienna (UNIDO), Paris (UNESCO), Nairobi (UNEP) and the Group of 24 in Washington, D.C. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank).




Contents





  • 1 Policies


  • 2 Members

    • 2.1 Current founding members[9]


    • 2.2 Other current members


    • 2.3 The People's Republic of China


    • 2.4 Former members



  • 3 Presiding countries


  • 4 Group of 24


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links




Policies


The group was credited with a common stance against apartheid and for supporting global disarmament.[5] It has been supportive of the New International Economic Order.[5][6] It has been subject to criticism for its lackluster support, or outright opposition, to pro-environmental initiatives, which the group considers secondary to economic development and poverty-eradication initiatives.[5][7][8]



Members




Group of 77 countries as of 2013


As of July 2017, the group comprises all of the UN member states (along with the U.N. observer State of Palestine), excluding the following countries:


  1. Members of the Council of Europe, except for Bosnia.

  2. Members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, except for Chile.

  3. Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area, except for Tajikistan.

  4. Two Pacific microstates: Palau and Tuvalu.


Current founding members[9]




  1.  Afghanistan


  2.  Algeria


  3.  Argentina


  4.  Benin[a]


  5. Bolivia (Plurinational State of)


  6.  Brazil


  7.  Burkina Faso[b]


  8.  Burundi


  9.  Cambodia


  10.  Cameroon


  11.  Central African Republic


  12.  Chad


  13.  Chile


  14.  Colombia


  15.  Congo


  16.  Democratic Republic of the Congo


  17.  Costa Rica


  18.  Dominican Republic


  19.  Ecuador


  20.  Egypt[c]


  21.  El Salvador


  22.  Ethiopia


  23.  Gabon


  24.  Ghana


  25.  Guatemala


  26.  Guinea


  27.  Haiti


  28.  Honduras


  29.  India


  30.  Indonesia


  31. Iran (Islamic Republic of)


  32.  Iraq


  33.  Jamaica


  34.  Jordan


  35.  Kenya


  36.  Kuwait


  37. Lao People’s Democratic Republic


  38.  Lebanon


  39.  Liberia


  40.  Libya


  41.  Madagascar


  42.  Malaysia


  43.  Mali


  44.  Mauritania


  45.  Morocco


  46.  Myanmar[d]


  47.    Nepal


  48.  Nicaragua


  49.  Niger


  50.  Nigeria


  51.  Pakistan


  52.  Panama


  53.  Paraguay


  54.  Peru


  55.  Philippines


  56.  Rwanda


  57.  Saudi Arabia


  58.  Senegal


  59.  Sierra Leone


  60.  Somalia


  61.  Sri Lanka[e]


  62.  Sudan


  63. Syrian Arab Republic


  64. United Republic of Tanzania[f]


  65.  Thailand


  66.  Togo


  67.  Trinidad and Tobago


  68.  Tunisia


  69.  Uganda


  70.  Uruguay


  71. Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of


  72. Viet Nam


  73.  Yemen




  1. ^ Joined as Dahomey.


  2. ^ Joined as Upper Volta.


  3. ^ Joined as the United Arab Republic.


  4. ^ Joined as Burma.


  5. ^ Joined as Ceylon.


  6. ^ Joined as the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.




Other current members




  1.  Angola


  2.  Antigua and Barbuda


  3.  Bahamas


  4.  Bahrain


  5.  Bangladesh


  6.  Barbados


  7.  Belize


  8.  Bhutan


  9.  Bosnia and Herzegovina


  10.  Botswana


  11. Brunei Darussalam


  12.  China[a]


  13. Cabo Verde


  14.  Comoros


  15. Côte D'Ivoire


  16.  Cuba


  17.  Djibouti


  18.  Dominica


  19.  Equatorial Guinea


  20.  Eritrea


  21.  Eswatini[b]


  22.  Fiji


  23. Gambia (Republic of The)


  24.  Grenada


  25.  Guinea-Bissau


  26.  Guyana


  27.  Kiribati


  28.  Lesotho


  29.  Malawi


  30.  Maldives


  31.  Marshall Islands


  32.  Mauritius


  33. Federated States of Micronesia


  34.  Mongolia


  35.  Mozambique


  36.  Namibia


  37.  North Korea


  38.  Nauru


  39.  Oman


  40.  Palestine


  41.  Papua New Guinea


  42.  Qatar


  43.  Saint Kitts and Nevis


  44.  Saint Lucia


  45.  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines


  46.  Samoa


  47.  São Tomé and Príncipe


  48.  Seychelles


  49.  Singapore


  50.  Solomon Islands


  51.  South Africa


  52.  South Sudan


  53.  Suriname


  54.  Tajikistan


  55.  Timor-Leste


  56.  Tonga


  57.  Turkmenistan


  58.  United Arab Emirates


  59.  Vanuatu


  60.  Zambia


  61.  Zimbabwe




  1. ^ Officially considered as a member by the organization, yet not by China itself


  2. ^ Joined as Swaziland.




The People's Republic of China


The Group of 77 lists China as one of its members.[2] The Chinese government provides consistent political support to the G77 and has made financial contributions to the Group since 1994, but it does not consider itself to be a member.[10] As a result, official statements of the G77 are delivered in the name of The Group of 77 and China.[11]



Former members



  1.  New Zealand signed the original "Joint Declaration of the Developing Countries" in October 1963, but pulled out of the group before the formation of the G77 in 1964 (it joined the OECD in 1973).


  2.  Mexico was a founding member, but left the Group after joining the OECD in 1994. It had presided over the group in 1973–1974, 1983–1984; however, it is still a member of G-24.


  3.  South Korea was a founding member, but left the Group after joining the OECD in 1996.


  4.  Yugoslavia was a founding member; by the late 1990s it was still listed on the membership list, but it was noted that it "cannot participate in the activities of G77." It was removed from the list in late 2003.[citation needed] It had presided over the group in 1985–1986. Bosnia and Herzegovina is the only part of former Yugoslavia that is currently in G77.


  5.  Cyprus was a founding member, but was no longer listed on the official membership list after its accession to the EU in 2004.


  6.  Malta was admitted to the Group in 1976, but was no longer listed on the official membership list after its accession to the EU in 2004.


  7.  Palau joined the Group in 2002, but withdrew in 2004, having decided that it could best pursue its environmental interests through the Alliance of Small Island States.


  8.  Romania was admitted to the Group in 1976, but was no longer listed on the official membership list after its accession to the EU in 2007.


Presiding countries


The following is the chain of succession of the chairmanship of the G77:[12]




Presiding countries of the G77 since 1970. Colors show the number of times a country has held the position. Gray = never, Yellow = once, Orange = twice, Red = thrice






































































































Presiding country
Year

 India
1970–1971

 Peru
1971–1972

 Egypt
1972–1973

 Iran
1973–1974

 Mexico
1974–1975

 Madagascar
1975–1976

 Pakistan
1976–1977

 Jamaica
1977–1978

 Tunisia
1978–1979

 India
1979–1980

 Venezuela
1980–1981

 Algeria
1981–1982

 Bangladesh
1982–1983

 Mexico
1983–1984

 Egypt
1984–1985

 Yugoslavia
1985–1986

 Guatemala
1987

 Tunisia
1988

 Malaysia
1989

 Bolivia
1990

 Ghana
1991

 Pakistan
1992

 Colombia
1993

 Algeria
1994

 Philippines
1995

 Costa Rica
1996

 Tanzania
1997

 Indonesia
1998

 Guyana
1999

 Nigeria
2000

 Iran
2001

 Venezuela
2002

 Morocco
2003

 Qatar
2004

 Jamaica
2005

 South Africa
2006

 Pakistan
2007

 Antigua and Barbuda
2008

 Sudan
2009

 Yemen
2010

 Argentina
2011

 Algeria
2012

 Fiji
2013

 Bolivia
2014

 South Africa
2015

 Thailand
2016

 Ecuador
2017

 Egypt
2018

 Palestine
2019


Group of 24





G-24 countries.

  Member nations


  Observer nations



The Group of 24 (G-24) is a chapter of the G-77 that was established in 1971 to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and development finance issues and to ensure that their interests were adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters. Every member of the G-24, except for Mexico, is also a member of the G77. Although membership in the G-24 is strictly limited to 24 countries, any other member of the G-77 can join discussions.



See also



  • Non-Aligned Movement

  • Third World

  • North–South divide

  • South–South cooperation

  • G20 developing nations

  • Politics of global warming

  • List of country groupings

  • List of multilateral free-trade agreements

  • Nozipho Mxakato-Diseko


References




  1. ^ About the Group of 77:Aims


  2. ^ ab "The Member States of the Group of 77". The Group of 77 at the United Nations..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ "Palestinians to Lead U.N.'s Biggest Bloc of Developing Countries". Retrieved 2018-07-27.


  4. ^ About the Group of 77:Establishment


  5. ^ abc Satpathy (2005). Environment Management. Excel Books India. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-7446-458-3.


  6. ^ Malgosia Fitzmaurice; David M. Ong; Panos Merkouris (2010). Research Handbook on International Environmental Law. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 567–. ISBN 978-1-84980-726-5.


  7. ^ Jan Oosthoek; Barry K. Gills (31 October 2013). The Globalization of Environmental Crisis. Taylor & Francis. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-1-317-96895-5.


  8. ^ Howard S. Schiffman (3 May 2011). Green Issues and Debates: An A-to-Z Guide. SAGE Publications. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-4522-6626-8.


  9. ^ Signed the "JOINT DECLARATION OF THE SEVENTY-SEVEN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES".


  10. ^ "七十七国集团(Group of 77, G77)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. July 2016. 中国不是77国集团成员,但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求,与其保持良好合作关系,在经社领域一般以“77国集团加中国”的模式表达共同立场。中国自1994年开始每年向其捐款,2014年起捐款每年5万美元。


  11. ^ "Statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China by H.E. Mr. Horacio Sevilla Borja, Permanent Representative of the Republic of Ecuador to the United Nations, at the opening session of the 4th Prepcom established by General Assembly resolution 69/292: Development of an international legally binding instrument under UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (New York, 10 July 2017)". www.g77.org. Mr. Chair, I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China.


  12. ^ "Presiding Countries of the Group of 77 in New York". The Group of 77 at the United Nations.




External links




  • Official website


  • Adam Sneyd, "Group of 77", in Globalization and Autonomy Online Compendium, edited by William D. Coleman and Nancy Johnson[permanent dead link]

  • Official website of the Group of 24








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