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Furnifold McLendel Simmons
United States Senator from North Carolina
In office March 4, 1901 – March 4, 1931
Preceded by	Marion Butler
Succeeded by	Josiah Bailey
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889
Preceded by	James E. O'Hara
Succeeded by	Henry P. Cheatham
Personal details
Born	(1854-01-20)January 20, 1854 Pollocksville, North Carolina
Died	April 30, 1940(1940-04-30) (aged 86) New Bern, North Carolina
Political party	Democratic

Furnifold McLendel Simmons (January 20, 1854 – April 30, 1940) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1887 to March 4, 1889 and U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina between March 4, 1901 and March 4, 1931. He served as chairman of the powerful Committee on Finance from March 4, 1913 to March 4, 1919. He was an unsuccessful contender for the 1920 Democratic Party nomination for president.

As a leader of the state Democratic Party, Simmons led the 1898-1900 White Supremacy campaigns that effectively disenfranchised black voters for a half-century. From his Senate seat, he then ran a powerful political machine, using A. D. Watts "to keep the machine oiled back home," in the words of one journalist.^[1]

Senator Simmons refused to endorse Al Smith, the Democratic nominee for president in 1928. This, together with the Great Depression, led to Simmons being defeated in the 1930 Democratic primary by Josiah W. Bailey, who was backed by Governor O. Max Gardner.

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http://bioguide.congress.gov.

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• North Carolina History Project


• North Carolina Election of 1898


• 
  Furnifold McLendel Simmons entry at The Political Graveyard
  


• 
  Furnifold McLendel Simmons at Find a Grave
  

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