Windham County, Vermont



























Windham County, Vermont

Windham County Court House - Newfane, Vermont - DSC08436.JPG
Windham County courthouse in Newfane


Map of Vermont highlighting Windham County
Location in the U.S. state of Vermont

Map of the United States highlighting Vermont
Vermont's location in the U.S.
Founded1781
Shire TownNewfane
Largest townBrattleboro
Area
 • Total798 sq mi (2,067 km2)
 • Land785 sq mi (2,033 km2)
 • Water13 sq mi (34 km2), 1.6%
Population (est.)
 • (2015)43,386
 • Density55.6/sq mi (21.5/km2)
Congressional districtAt-large
Time zone
Eastern: UTC−5/−4

Windham County is a county located in the state of Vermont, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 44,513.[1] The county's shire town (seat) is Newfane,[2] and the largest municipality is Brattleboro. The county is known for its counterculture.[citation needed]




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Geography

    • 2.1 Adjacent counties


    • 2.2 Reservoirs


    • 2.3 National protected areas



  • 3 Demographics

    • 3.1 2000 census


    • 3.2 2010 census



  • 4 Politics and government


  • 5 County law enforcement


  • 6 Transportation

    • 6.1 Roads and highways


    • 6.2 Bus


    • 6.3 Rail



  • 7 Communities

    • 7.1 Towns


    • 7.2 Villages

      • 7.2.1 Census-designated places


      • 7.2.2 Other villages




  • 8 See also


  • 9 References


  • 10 External links




History


Fort Bridgman, Vernon, was burned in 1755, a casualty of the French and Indian War.[3] The Court of Common Pleas (established 1768) of the County of Cumberland (established July 3, 1766) of the Province of New York was moved to the town of Westminster in 1772. On July 4, 1776 the Province of New York became an independent state.


On January 15, 1777 Vermont declared its independence from New York, and functioned as an independent republic until statehood in 1791. Cumberland County (N.Y.) and Gloucester County (N.Y.) were extinguished when Vermont declared its independence from New York; Albany County (N.Y.) and Charlotte County (now Washington County, N.Y.) were eliminated from Vermont.[4]


Unity County was formed March 17, 1778, the eastern of the two original Vermont Republic counties.[5] Unity County was renamed Cumberland County on March 21, 1778.[6] Cumberland County and Bennington County (the eastern original county) exchanged land, adjusting their early border.[7] On February 16, 1781 Rutland County was created from Bennington County, and Orange, Windham and Windsor Counties were created from Cumberland County.[8] Some authors assume Cumberland County was renamed Windham County in 1781. Yet there are several original sources that indicate Cumberland County was dissolved rather than renamed.[9] This was probably to make a clean legal break from any connection with Cumberland County, New York, as some authors indicate the Cumberland County, Vermont Republic, records remained in Windham County. Newfane became the Shire Town of Windham County before 1812.



Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 798 square miles (2,070 km2), of which 785 square miles (2,030 km2) is land and 13 square miles (34 km2) (1.6%) is water.[10] It is the third-largest county in Vermont by land area.



Adjacent counties



  • Windsor County - north


  • Sullivan County, New Hampshire - northeast


  • Cheshire County, New Hampshire - east


  • Franklin County, Massachusetts - south


  • Bennington County - west


Reservoirs


  • Ball Mountain Lake


  • Harriman Reservoir (also sometimes called Lake Whitingham or Whitingham Reservoir)

  • Townshend Lake


National protected areas



  • Green Mountain National Forest (part)


  • Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge (part)


Demographics






































































































Historical population
CensusPop.

179017,572
180023,58134.2%
181026,76013.5%
182028,4576.3%
183028,7481.0%
184027,442−4.5%
185029,0625.9%
186026,982−7.2%
187026,036−3.5%
188026,7632.8%
189026,547−0.8%
190026,6600.4%
191026,9321.0%
192026,373−2.1%
193026,015−1.4%
194027,8507.1%
195028,7493.2%
196029,7763.6%
197033,07411.1%
198036,93311.7%
199041,58812.6%
200044,2166.3%
201044,5130.7%
Est. 201643,145[11]−3.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790–1960[13] 1900–1990[14]
1990–2000[15] 2010–2014[1]


2000 census


As of the census[16] of 2000, there were 44,216 people, 18,375 households, and 11,447 families residing in the county. The population density was 56 people per square mile (22/km²). There were 27,039 housing units at an average density of 34 per square mile (13/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.72% White, 0.50% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. 1.11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.1% were of English, 13.3% Irish, 9.5% French, 8.9% American, 7.7% German, 6.0% Italian and 5.0% French Canadian ancestry according to Census 2000. 95.9% spoke English, 1.3% Spanish and 1.2% French as their first language.


There were 18,375 households out of which 29.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.20% were married couples living together, 9.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.70% were non-families. 29.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.91.


In the county, the population was spread out with 23.50% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 28.10% from 25 to 44, 27.20% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 95.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.80 males.


The median income for a household in the county was $38,204, and the median income for a family was $46,989. Males had a median income of $31,094 versus $24,650 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,533. About 6.10% of families and 9.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.00% of those under age 18 and 7.90% of those age 65 or over.



2010 census


As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 44,513 people, 19,290 households, and 11,453 families residing in the county.[17] The population density was 56.7 inhabitants per square mile (21.9/km2). There were 29,735 housing units at an average density of 37.9 per square mile (14.6/km2).[18] The racial makeup of the county was 95.3% white, 1.0% Asian, 0.9% black or African American, 0.3% American Indian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.8% of the population.[17] The largest ancestry groups were:



  • Republic of Ireland 21.8% Irish

  • England 21.7% English

  • France 12.3% French

  • Germany 11.7% German

  • Italy 8.6% Italian

  • United States 8.2% American

  • Poland 5.5% Polish

  • Canada 4.9% French Canadian

  • Scotland 4.5% Scottish

  • Northern Ireland 3.2% Scotch-Irish

  • Sweden 3.0% Swedish

  • Wales 1.2% Welsh

Of the 19,290 households, 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 40.6% were non-families, and 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.79. The median age was 44.9 years.[17]


The median income for a household in the county was $46,714 and the median income for a family was $58,814. Males had a median income of $40,872 versus $33,278 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,247. About 6.3% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.[19]



Politics and government


In 1828, Windham County was won by National Republican Party candidate John Quincy Adams and by Henry Clay in 1832.


From William Henry Harrison in 1836 to Winfield Scott in 1852, the county would vote the Whig Party candidates.


From John C. Frémont in 1856 to Richard Nixon in 1960, the Republican Party would have a 104 year winning streak within Windham County.


In 1964, the county was won by Democratic Party incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson, who became not only the first Democratic presidential candidate to win the county, but to win the state of Vermont entirely.


Following the Democrats victory in 1964, the county went back to voting for Republican candidates for another 16 year winning streak starting with Richard Nixon in 1968 and ending with Ronald Reagan in 1984, who became the last Republican presidential candidate to win the county, winning it with 54% of the vote to 45% for Walter Mondale[20].


In 1988 the county was won by Michael Dukakis and has been won by Democratic candidates ever since.


By some accounts, Windham County is now considered the 'bluest' county in the 'bluest' state in the USA. It was Vermont's bluest county in the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 U.S. Presidential elections. Then-Vice President Al Gore won the county by an 18.4% margin over then-Texas Governor George W. Bush, with 53% of the vote to Bush's 34%. In 2004, John Kerry carried the county by a 35.2% margin over President Bush, with Kerry carrying the state by 20.1% over Bush.[21] In 2008, Barack Obama won Windham by 48.1% margin over John McCain, with Obama winning by 37% over McCain statewide.[22] In 2012, Obama won Windham County by a 48.7% margin over Mitt Romney.[23]


In 2006, four towns in Windham County, Dummerston, Marlboro, Newfane, and Stratton, had their citizens pass resolutions supporting the proposed impeachment of President George W. Bush.[24]



Presidential elections results




















































































































































Presidential elections results[25]
Year

Republican

Democratic

Third parties

2016
24.1% 5,454

63.4% 14,340
12.6% 2,840

2012
24.4% 5,347

73.1% 16,026
2.6% 564

2008
24.9% 5,997

73.0% 17,585
2.1% 499

2004
31.2% 7,280

66.4% 15,489
2.4% 547

2000
34.2% 7,358

52.7% 11,319
13.1% 2,814

1996
27.8% 5,261

55.1% 10,426
17.1% 3,228

1992
27.2% 5,816

53.3% 11,414
19.5% 4,181

1988
46.0% 8,572

52.8% 9,839
1.3% 242

1984

54.1% 9,880
44.9% 8,206
1.1% 193

1980

42.6% 7,062
35.1% 5,830
22.3% 3,706

1976

52.1% 7,928
44.6% 6,794
3.4% 510

1972

60.0% 9,062
39.2% 5,925
0.8% 113

1968

54.4% 6,916
42.1% 5,353
3.6% 452

1964
33.3% 4,180

66.7% 8,371
0.0% 4

1960

67.7% 9,128
32.3% 4,358


1956

80.0% 9,979
19.8% 2,474
0.2% 22

1952

77.6% 9,774
22.2% 2,790
0.3% 31

1948

70.5% 7,148
27.3% 2,770
2.2% 222

1944

66.5% 6,708
33.5% 3,376
0.1% 5

1940

63.0% 7,031
36.8% 4,101
0.2% 27

1936

66.4% 7,369
33.3% 3,699
0.2% 27

1932

66.0% 7,347
32.9% 3,659
1.1% 123

1928

77.7% 8,410
22.2% 2,398
0.2% 16

1924

83.2% 7,638
11.9% 1,091
4.9% 454

1920

80.4% 5,551
18.9% 1,302
0.8% 55

1916

65.5% 3,375
33.0% 1,698
1.6% 80

1912

38.3% 2,143
23.7% 1,327
38.1% 2,132

1908

78.6% 3,738
19.0% 906
2.4% 114

1904

78.6% 3,735
17.0% 809
4.4% 208

1900

79.0% 3,948
20.3% 1,014
0.7% 34

1896

84.1% 4,829
11.7% 670
4.2% 240

1892

69.5% 3,656
28.5% 1,496
2.0% 107

1888

69.8% 4,344
24.4% 1,518
5.9% 366

1884

67.1% 3,788
30.2% 1,703
2.7% 152

1880

76.4% 4,637
23.5% 1,426
0.2% 9



County law enforcement


The Windham County Sheriff's Department is one source of law enforcement in this county especially in areas that have no local police departments. Where no coverage exists, the Vermont State Police are the de facto law enforcement agency.



Transportation



Roads and highways


Windham County is crossed by:




  • I-91.svg Interstate 91 (six interchanges within the county)


  • US 5.svg U.S. Route 5


  • Vermont 8A.svg Vermont Route 8A


  • Vermont 9.svg Vermont Route 9


  • Vermont 11.svg Vermont Route 11


  • Vermont 30.svg Vermont Route 30


  • Ellipse sign 35.svg Vermont Route 35


  • Vermont 100.svg Vermont Route 100


  • Vermont 103.svg Vermont Route 103


  • Vermont 112.svg Vermont Route 112


  • Vermont 119.svgVermont Route 119


  • Ellipse sign 121.svg Vermont Route 121


  • Vermont 123.svg Vermont Route 123


  • Vermont 142.svg Vermont Route 142


Bus


Local bus service, particularly in and around Brattleboro and Bellows Falls, is provided by Connecticut River Transit's "The Current". The Current includes the entire Brattleboro BeeLine bus system, composed of the Red, Blue and White Lines, which also go to West Brattleboro and Hinsdale, New Hampshire. The Deerfield Valley Transit Association's fare-free MOOver serves mostly the southwestern portion of the county, especially the town of Wilmington and nearby ski areas. The MOOver also has bus connections to Bennington (in a partnership with the Green Mountain Express) to the west and Brattleboro, connecting to other local and intercity buses in both towns.


The national intercity bus service Greyhound serves Windham County with stops in Brattleboro and Bellows Falls daily.



Rail


Amtrak, the national intercity rail network, operates its Vermonter, running daily from St. Albans, Vermont to Washington, DC through Bellows Falls and Brattleboro with one daily northbound and southbound stop.



Communities



Towns


In Vermont, towns are contiguous named places, subdivisions of counties, where there is permanent, year-round human population. They are usually formally incorporated, governing themselves in open town meetings (with very few exceptions), and their usual elected administrative body is called a selectboard. Though Brattleboro is by far the most populous town in the county, the historic "shire town" (county seat) is Newfane, and Windham County Superior Court is still located there, as are the offices of the County Sheriff and the County Clerk.



  • Athens

  • Brattleboro

  • Brookline

  • Dover

  • Dummerston

  • Grafton

  • Guilford

  • Halifax

  • Jamaica

  • Londonderry

  • Marlboro


  • Newfane (shire town)

  • Putney

  • Rockingham

  • Somerset

  • Stratton

  • Townshend

  • Vernon

  • Wardsboro

  • Westminster

  • Whitingham

  • Wilmington

  • Windham



Villages


Villages are named places and sometimes formal census divisions, but may or may not be incorporated separately within a town's borders.



Census-designated places


  • Brattleboro

  • North Westminster

  • Putney

  • West Brattleboro

  • Wilmington


Other villages



  • Algiers

  • Bellows Falls

  • Cambridgeport

  • Dover

  • Dummerston Center

  • East Dover

  • East Dummerston

  • East Jamaica

  • Halifax Center

  • Harmonyville

  • Houghtonville

  • Jacksonville

  • Newfane

  • Rawsonville

  • Saxtons River

  • South Londonderry

  • South Newfane

  • South Wardsboro

  • South Windham

  • Wardsboro Center

  • West Dover

  • West Dummerston

  • West Halifax

  • West Townshend

  • West Wardsboro

  • Westminster

  • Westminster Station

  • Westminster West

  • Williamsville



See also


  • List of counties in Vermont

  • List of towns in Vermont

  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Vermont

  • Historical Society of Windham County


References




  1. ^ ab "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 30, 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.


  3. ^ [1] Archived February 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.


  4. ^ Slade, 70-73; Van Zandt, 64; Williamson, C., 82-84, map facing 95, 100-102, 112-113.


  5. ^ Vermont State Papers, 12:43-44.


  6. ^ Vermont State Papers, 3:13.


  7. ^ Vermont State Papers, 12:43-44


  8. ^ Vermont State Papers, 13:5-6


  9. ^ "Vermont: Individual County Chronologies". Vermont Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2015.


  10. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2015.


  11. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.


  12. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 29, 2015.


  13. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 29, 2015.


  14. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 29, 2015.


  15. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved June 29, 2015.


  16. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.


  17. ^ abc "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-01-20.


  18. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-01-20.


  19. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-01-20.


  20. ^ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1984&fips=50&f=1&off=0&elect=0


  21. ^ "2004 Presidential General Election Results - Vermont". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 10 April 2018.


  22. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". www.uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 10 April 2018.


  23. ^ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=2012&fips=50&f=1&off=0&elect=0


  24. ^ Four Vermont Towns Vote to Impeach Bush Associated Press. Published on 2006-03-08. Retrieved on 2008-09-20.


  25. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 10 April 2018.



External links


  • The Windham Regional Commission

  • Windham County Sheriff's Department

  • The Mount Snow Valley Chamber of Commerce

  • The Historical Society of Windham County

  • Windham County history and genealogy




Coordinates: 42°59′N 72°43′W / 42.99°N 72.72°W / 42.99; -72.72







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