European Canadians




European Canadians
Total population
19,683,320 (53% of population)[1][2] (2016 Census)
Regions with significant populations
All areas of Canada
Languages
Predominantly English • French
Historically Scottish Gaelic • Irish were spoken in certain regions
Religion
Predominantly Christianity (Protestantism and Roman Catholicism)
Related ethnic groups

European diaspora • Europeans • European Americans • European Australians • European New Zealanders


An additional 11,135,965 people chose "Canadian" as their ethnic group in the Census.[1]

European Canadians (French: les Canadiens Européens), also known as Euro-Canadians are Canadians with ancestry from Europe.[3] They form the largest panethnic group within Canada.


The French were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now Canada. Hélène Desportes is considered the first white child born in New France. She was born circa 1620, to Pierre Desportes (born Lisieux, Normandie, France) and Françoise Langlois.[4]


In the 2016 census, the largest European ancestry groups were British Isles origins (11,211,850 including 6,320,085 English), French (4,680,820), Scottish (4,799,005), Irish (4,627,000), German (3,322,405), Italian (1,587,965).[1] However, the country's largest self-reported ethnic origin is "Canadian" (accounting for 11,135,965 of the population). Since 1996, "Canadian" as an ethnic group has been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestry, which likely caused English Canadians, British Canadians and French Canadians to become severely underrepresented. The grouping is similar to that of "American" in neighbouring United States and is most commonly espoused by European Canadians whose ancestors have been some of the earliest European settlers of what is now Canada, to the point where they no longer feel a connection to their countries of origin.[5] In the 2011 National Household Survey Profile, 10,563,805 people (32.1%) chose "Canadian" as their ethnic group, making it the single largest group in the country.[6]




Contents





  • 1 Number of European Canadians

    • 1.1 Today



  • 2 Cultural icons

    • 2.1 Flag


    • 2.2 Music


    • 2.3 Sport



  • 3 European ethnic origins table


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 Further reading

    • 6.1 Statistical





Number of European Canadians


























































































Year
Population
% of Canada

Ref(s)
Year
Population
% of Canada

Ref(s)
18713,433,31598.5%1
[7][8][9]
197120,763,91596.3%
[7][8]
18814,146,90095.9%1
[7][9]
198122,402,00093.0%[10]
19015,170,52296.0%1
[7][9]
1991--
19117,005,58394.35%1
[7][9]
1996--
19218,568,58496.0%1
[7][9]
2001--
193110,134,31397.7%
[7][9]
201120,157,96561.4%[11]
194111,242,86897.8%
[7][8]
201619,683,32053.0%[12]
195113,582,57496.83%
[7][8]

196117,653,86496.8%
[7][8]

1966-96.8%
[7][8]


^1 Census of 1871, 1881, 1901, 1911, 1921.[13]

European Canadians' proportion of the total Canadian population has been decreasing gradually since the mid-twentieth century, and dropped from 61.4% (20,157,965) in the 2011 Census to just 53.0% (19,683,320) in the 2016 Census.



Today


Currently, European Canadians, despite their significant decrease in recent years, are still the largest ethnic group in Canada. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity. Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States.


The top ten cities as per population of European Canadians (not members of a visible minority and no Aboriginal status) are as follows (2016 Census):


  1. Toronto 1,282,750

  2. Montreal 1,082,615

  3. Calgary 744,625

  4. Ottawa 652,650

  5. Edmonton 524,265

  6. Quebec City 475,720

  7. Hamilton 415,740

  8. Winnipeg 412,645

  9. Halifax 336,375

  10. Mississauga 302,375

The top ten such Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) are as follows:


  1. Montreal 3,070,210

  2. Toronto 2,804,630

  3. Vancouver 1,179,100

  4. Ottawa - Gatineau 981,630

  5. Calgary 869,555

  6. Edmonton 857,085

  7. Quebec City 729,310

  8. Hamilton 590,310

  9. Winnipeg 473,360

  10. Kitchener - Cambridge - Waterloo 407,460


Cultural icons





George Stanley designer of the current Canadian flag.



Flag



  • Canadian flag - In 1964, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson formed a committee to resolve the issue, sparking a serious debate about a flag change to replace the Union Flag. Out of three choices, the maple leaf design by George Stanley,[14] based on the flag of the Royal Military College of Canada, was selected. The flag made its first official appearance on February 15, 1965.


Music





Scottish-Canadian Robert Stanley Weir wrote the lyrics to O Canada.


Another area of cultural influence are Canadian Patriotic songs:



  • Canadian National Anthem - Two Canadians of French descent Adolphe-Basile Routhier wrote the lyrics and Calixa Lavallée composed the music in 1880.[15][16] The English lyrics which is the official and most popular version were written in 1908 by Scottish-Canadian Robert Stanley Weir.[17]


  • The Maple Leaf Forever - is an older but unofficial national anthem written by Scotsman Alexander Muir in 1867.[18] It was in consideration for official national anthem, however, no French version was ever written, so, it was never popular with Francophones.[19]


Sport



  • Ice Hockey - British soldiers and immigrants to Canada and the United States brought their stick-and-ball games with them and played them on the ice and snow of winter. Ice hockey was first played in Canada during the early nineteenth century, based on similar sports such as field hockey that were played in Europe.[20] The sport was originally played with a stick and ball, but in 1860 a group of English veterans from the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment played a game in Kingston, Ontario, utilising a puck for what is believed to be the first time. This match, played on the frozen harbour by the city, is sometimes considered to be the birth of modern ice hockey.[21]


European ethnic origins table






































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Origins
18711
%
19513
%2006%20114%Change 2006-2011

Albania Albanian
-
-
-
-
22,395
-
28,270
-
-

Armenia Armenian
-
-
-
-
50,500
-
55,740
-
-

Austria Austrian
-
-
32,231
-
194,255
-
197,990
-
-

Azerbaijan Azerbaijani
-
-
-
-
3,465
-
4,580
-
-

Belgium Belgian
-
-
35,148
-
168,910
-
176,615
-
-

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian
-
-
-
-
21,045

22,920



United Kingdom British Isles
-
-
-
-
403,915

576,030



United Kingdom Other British
7,773
0.2%
92,236







Bulgaria Bulgarian
-
-
-
-
27,255

30,485



Canada Canadian
-
-
-
-
10,066,290
32.22%
10,563,805
32.1%


Croatia Croatian
-
-
-
-
110,880

114,880



Czech Republic Czech
-
-
-
-
98,090

94,805



Czechoslovakia Czech and Slovak
-
-
63,959







Denmark Danish
-
-
42,671

200,035

203,080



Netherlands Dutch
29,662
0.85%
264,267

1,035,965
3.32%
1,067,245
3.2%


England English
706,369
20.3%
3,630,344
25.9%
6,570,015
21.03%
6,509,500
19.8%


Estonia Estonian
-
-
-
-
23,930

23,180



Finland Finnish
-
-
43,745

131,040

236,215



France French
(incl. Acadian)
1,082,940
31.07%
4,319,167
30.83%
4,941,210
15.82%
5,077,215
15.4%


Georgia (country) Georgian
-
-
-
-
2,200

3,155



Germany German
202,991
5.82%
619,995

3,179,425
10.18%
3,203,330
9.7%


Greece Greek
39
0.0%
13,966

242,685

252,960



Hungary Hungarian
-
-
60,460

315,510

316,765



Iceland Icelandic
-
-
23,307

88,875

94,205



Republic of Ireland Irish
846,414
24.3%
1,439,635

4,354,155
13.94%
4,544,870
13.8%


Italy Italian
1,035
0.03%
152,245

1,445,335
4.63%
1,488,425
4.5%


Jewish
-
-
181,670
1.30%






Latvia Latvian
-
-
-
-
27,870

27,355



Liechtenstein Liechtensteiner
-
-
-
-






Lithuania Lithuanian
-
-
16,224

46,690

49,130



Luxembourg Luxembourger
-
-
-
-
3,160

3,790



Republic of Macedonia Macedonian
-
-
-
-
37,055

36,985



Malta Maltese
-
-
-
-
37,120

38,780



Moldova Moldovan
-
-
-
-


8,050



Monaco Monégasque
-
-
-
-






Montenegro Montenegrin
-
-
-
-
2,370

2,970



Norway Norwegian
-
-
119,266

432,515

452,705



Poland Polish
-
-
219,845

984,565
3.15%
1,010,705



Portugal Portuguese
-
-
-
-
410,850
1.25%
429,850
1.28%


Romania Romanian
-
-
23,601

192,170

204,625



Russia Russian
607
0.02%
91,279

500,600
1.60%
550,520



Scandinavian2
1,623
0.0%
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Scotland Scottish
549,946
15.8%
1,547,470

4,719,850
15.11%
4,714,970
14.3%


Serbia Serbian
-
-
-
-
72,690

80,320



Slovakia Slovak
-
-
-
-
64,145

66,545



Slovenia Slovene
-
-
-
-
35,935

37,170



San Marino Sammarinese
-
-
-
-






Spain Spanish
-
-
-
-
325,730
1.04%
368,305



Sweden Swedish
-
-
97,780

334,765
1.07%
341,845



Switzerland Swiss
2,962
0.1%


137,775

146,830



Turkey Turkish
-
-
12,684
-
63,955
-
106,825
-
-

Ukraine Ukrainian
-
-
395,043

1,209,085
3.87%
1,251,170
3.8%


Wales Welsh




440,965
1.41%
458,705



Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav
-
-
21,404

65,305

48,320



Europe Other European
3,791
0.0%
35,616

35,795

48,760



United Kingdom Total British
2,110,502
60.6%
6,709,685
47.89%






Canada Canada

3,433,315

98.49%

13,582,574

96.83%



20,157,9654

N/A


^1 First census of the Canadian federation.[13] The figures for 1871 are for the four original provinces only.
^2 Includes Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish.^3 Canada 1951 Census[22][23]2006 Canada Census[24]
^4 Canada 2011 Census National Household Survey: Data tables[25]An extra 32% or 10,563,805 people identified as "Canadian" as their ethnic group, many
are of European origins.


See also



  • European diaspora

  • Métis people (Canada)

  • Ethnic origins of people in Canada

  • European Americans

  • Demographics of Canada


References




  1. ^ abc Census Profile, 2016 Census - Ethnic origin population


  2. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ www.oxforddictionaries.com Euro-Canadian definition


  4. ^ Bennett, Ethel M. G. (1979) [1966]. "Desportes, Hélène". In Brown, George Williams. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.


  5. ^ The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population


  6. ^ "National Household Survey Profile". Statistics Canada. 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2015.


  7. ^ abcdefghijk Ethnic origins Census of Canada (Page: 17)


  8. ^ abcdef Table 1: Population by Ethnic Origin, Canada, 1921-1971 Page: 2


  9. ^ abcdef "Canada Year Book 1922-23: Racial Origin" (PDF). Census and Statistics Office of Canada. 1921. pp. 158–59.


  10. ^ Nationalism and National Integration By Anthony H. Birch (Page: 169)


  11. ^ "National Household Survey Profile". Statistics Canada. 2011. A total of 20,157,965 indicated "European Origins".


  12. ^ Census Profile, 2016 Census - Ethnic origin population "National Household Survey Profile".] Statistics Canada. 2016. A total of 19,683,320 indicated "European Origins".


  13. ^ ab CANADA - ORIGINS OF THE PEOPLE ACCORDING TO THE CENSUSES OF 1871, 1881, 1901, 1911 AND 1921. (Page: 134-135)


  14. ^ Foot, Richard (February 13, 2014). "The Stanley Flag". The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada.


  15. ^ McIntosh, Andrew (March 26, 2012). "'O Canada'". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 26, 2017.


  16. ^ "Hymne national du Canada". Canadian Heritage. Government of Canada. June 23, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008.


  17. ^ Department of Canadian Heritage. "Canadian Heritage – National Anthem: O Canada". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved June 29, 2010.


  18. ^ "Marches". L'Association Canadienne De L'Infanterie/Canadian Infantry Association. Archived from the original on April 22, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012.


  19. ^ "Canadian Heritage – Patriotic Songs". Pch.gc.ca. March 3, 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2011.


  20. ^ "Ice Hockey Equipment and History". The Olympic Movement. Retrieved January 3, 2012.


  21. ^ "About Ice Hockey". Ice Hockey UK. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2011.


  22. ^ Multiculturalism and Immigration in Canada: An Introductory Reader By Elspeth Cameron (Page: 73-73)


  23. ^ Statistics Canada Distribution of the population, by ethnic group, census years 1941, 1951 and 1961


  24. ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada - Data table". 2.statcan.ca. October 6, 2010. Retrieved January 28, 2011.


  25. ^ 2011 National Household Survey: Data tables




Further reading


.mw-parser-output .refbeginfont-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ullist-style-type:none;margin-left:0.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>ddmargin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100font-size:100%


  • Bramadat, Paul; David Seljak (2009). Religion and Ethnicity in Canada. University of Toronto Press.


  • Bramadat, Paul; David Seljak (2008). Christianity and Ethnicity in Canada. U of Toronto Press. p. 247.


  • Haig-Brown, C.; Nock, D.A. (2006). With Good Intentions: Euro-Canadian and Aboriginal Relations in Colonial Canada. UBC Press. ISBN 0-7748-1138-2.


  • Kallen, Evelyn (2003). Ethnicity and Human Rights in Canada: A Human Rights Perspective on Ethnicity, Racism, and Systemic Inequality. Oxford UP.

  • Kralt, John. "Country of Birth of Parents And Ethnic Origins - A Comparison of Reporting Patterns in the 2001 Census,"


  • Magocsi, Paul R (1999). Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples. Society of Ontario, University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-2938-8.; 1300pp; comprehensive scholarly coverage of every group

  • McLean, Lorna R. "Education, identity, and citizenship in early modern Canada." Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes 41.1 (2007): 5-30.


  • Resnick, Philip (2005). The European Roots Of Canadian Identity. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press. ISBN 1-55111-705-3.


  • Yedlin, Tova (1985). Central and East European Ethnicity in Canada: Adaptation and Preservation. Central and East European Studies Society of Alberta.


Statistical



  • Statistics Canada (2008). Canada Year Book (CYB) annual 1867-1967. Ottawa: Federal Publications (Queen of Canada).


  • Statistics Canada (October 27, 2010). Canada Year Book. Ottawa: Federal Publications (Queen of Canada). Catalogue no 11-402-XPE.










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