What materials can be used to make a humanoid skin warm?

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The humanoids I'm talking about are designed with all the characteristics pertaining to robots developed with the help of soft robotics technologies. Although the skeleton is made of titanium, their "muscles" are produced from soft multi-material actuators. There's a network of nanosensors forming a substitute to human sensory receptors.



The only thing I haven't yet come up with are heating elements, which will give warmth of a normal human body and at the same time won't melt delicate synthetic materials. Can anyone give a clue what sort of material can be used here? Can it be an alternative of human vascular system (as my humanoids can work on biobatteries, so this energy can be distributed by "vessels")?



The warmth is a key feature for humanoids in my world, because they work with humans and sometimes for humans providing elder care services or medical care.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    6












    $begingroup$


    The humanoids I'm talking about are designed with all the characteristics pertaining to robots developed with the help of soft robotics technologies. Although the skeleton is made of titanium, their "muscles" are produced from soft multi-material actuators. There's a network of nanosensors forming a substitute to human sensory receptors.



    The only thing I haven't yet come up with are heating elements, which will give warmth of a normal human body and at the same time won't melt delicate synthetic materials. Can anyone give a clue what sort of material can be used here? Can it be an alternative of human vascular system (as my humanoids can work on biobatteries, so this energy can be distributed by "vessels")?



    The warmth is a key feature for humanoids in my world, because they work with humans and sometimes for humans providing elder care services or medical care.










    share|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      6












      6








      6


      1



      $begingroup$


      The humanoids I'm talking about are designed with all the characteristics pertaining to robots developed with the help of soft robotics technologies. Although the skeleton is made of titanium, their "muscles" are produced from soft multi-material actuators. There's a network of nanosensors forming a substitute to human sensory receptors.



      The only thing I haven't yet come up with are heating elements, which will give warmth of a normal human body and at the same time won't melt delicate synthetic materials. Can anyone give a clue what sort of material can be used here? Can it be an alternative of human vascular system (as my humanoids can work on biobatteries, so this energy can be distributed by "vessels")?



      The warmth is a key feature for humanoids in my world, because they work with humans and sometimes for humans providing elder care services or medical care.










      share|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      The humanoids I'm talking about are designed with all the characteristics pertaining to robots developed with the help of soft robotics technologies. Although the skeleton is made of titanium, their "muscles" are produced from soft multi-material actuators. There's a network of nanosensors forming a substitute to human sensory receptors.



      The only thing I haven't yet come up with are heating elements, which will give warmth of a normal human body and at the same time won't melt delicate synthetic materials. Can anyone give a clue what sort of material can be used here? Can it be an alternative of human vascular system (as my humanoids can work on biobatteries, so this energy can be distributed by "vessels")?



      The warmth is a key feature for humanoids in my world, because they work with humans and sometimes for humans providing elder care services or medical care.







      materials humanoid temperature






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited Mar 13 at 16:38









      Cyn

      11.2k12453




      11.2k12453










      asked Mar 10 at 21:16









      YevheniiaYevheniia

      312




      312




















          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          9












          $begingroup$

          The material of your heaters is irrelevant. Running the right amount of current through any resistor will heat up the material. Heaters can be made thin, flexible, all it needs to have is slightly higher resistance than the leads going to the heater.
          What matters is that anything else can stand 37° Celsius, which is not that exotic. Any standard plastic will do, there are very few plastics being commonly used that can't stand 37°, since you can reach that on a hot summer day.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$








          • 6




            $begingroup$
            You don't even need heating elements (except perhaps when the humanoid is idle for long periods). The actuators and sensors are less than 100% efficient, and with decent insulation the waste heat suffices to keep the skin warm. Indeed, if it is very active, you'll need a way to remove excess heat, perhaps by the evaporation of liquid from the surface :-)
            $endgroup$
            – jamesqf
            Mar 10 at 23:48










          • $begingroup$
            Whilst most commonly used plastics do not instantly and obviously degrade at body temperature, it doesn't seem likely that there are many plastics that are as plastic as human skin if not continuously repaired & recycled.
            $endgroup$
            – Giu Piete
            Mar 10 at 23:50







          • 1




            $begingroup$
            In the short term controlled melting could actually be used to close cracks in the plastic. Longer term, UV degradation will likely require replacement of the skin. You could either do that with a complicated continuous replacement system, or just have a simple maintenance cycle with complete skin replacement
            $endgroup$
            – Whitecold
            Mar 11 at 7:51










          • $begingroup$
            @jamesqf in terms of total energy balance maybe, but there's a heat distribution issue. While major motors would run hot, extremities (particularly fingers) would stay cold.
            $endgroup$
            – Alexander
            Mar 11 at 17:23










          • $begingroup$
            @Alexander: You could always use liquid cooling, with pipes carrying heat from the motors to a network of fine tubes under the skin. And re fingers staying cold, you mean the way mine do when I'm out cross-country skiing? I can be working up a good sweat, yet still have cold fingers.
            $endgroup$
            – jamesqf
            Mar 12 at 18:32


















          5












          $begingroup$

          They'd probably produce enough heat and be heat conductive enough to not actually have a problem but if we assume we need to fake it...



          I'd have a dense mesh of infrared LEDs and sensors under the skin.



          This would essentially (with some processing) give the robots the ability to see all around them with reasonable accuracy. This would allow them to accurately avoid embarrassing accidents. They'd know if somebody is standing behind them or if something is the path of their arm or if something is where their foot is about to land. They'd even "see" what is in the box they pushed their hand into without having to look.



          It would also give them a finely controllable infrared source, so they could give a precisely tuned experience of warmth directly to your skin without having to waste energy to warm themselves.



          Also, and this is actually an answer in itself without complex and expensive IR systems, simply make their skin have low heat capacity and conductivity. A surface like that will actually have the exact same temperature as your own skin when you touch it. If you are human and the aim is to make it feel the same as human temperature, this is exactly what you want.



          As mentioned this is actually enough to make them feel right. The IR system is only needed if you also want to mimic the way you can sometimes sense nearby human body heat.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$




















            1












            $begingroup$

            You will need the skin to be warm, for the very reason human skin is warm. And it will have nothing to do with 'feeling like a human', and certainly no need for heating elements.



            No matter how your muscles work, they will produce heat. Same for all of the electronics in the AI and the nervous system. This heat will have to be dissipated, for the same reason computers need to have cooling fans. I could see the mouth and nose working as cooling vents for fans, but I doubt that would be enough.



            Your best bet would be something like the liquid cooling and ventilation garments readily available for human use. They would circulate the coolant (water? robot blood?) through the muscle fibers and electronics, to collect the heat, and then circulate it to the cooling tubes on the surface (or just below the surface) of your robot skin.



            There would, of course, be no need for seams or openings. It would probably be an all one piece suit.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













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              3 Answers
              3






              active

              oldest

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              3 Answers
              3






              active

              oldest

              votes









              active

              oldest

              votes






              active

              oldest

              votes









              9












              $begingroup$

              The material of your heaters is irrelevant. Running the right amount of current through any resistor will heat up the material. Heaters can be made thin, flexible, all it needs to have is slightly higher resistance than the leads going to the heater.
              What matters is that anything else can stand 37° Celsius, which is not that exotic. Any standard plastic will do, there are very few plastics being commonly used that can't stand 37°, since you can reach that on a hot summer day.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$








              • 6




                $begingroup$
                You don't even need heating elements (except perhaps when the humanoid is idle for long periods). The actuators and sensors are less than 100% efficient, and with decent insulation the waste heat suffices to keep the skin warm. Indeed, if it is very active, you'll need a way to remove excess heat, perhaps by the evaporation of liquid from the surface :-)
                $endgroup$
                – jamesqf
                Mar 10 at 23:48










              • $begingroup$
                Whilst most commonly used plastics do not instantly and obviously degrade at body temperature, it doesn't seem likely that there are many plastics that are as plastic as human skin if not continuously repaired & recycled.
                $endgroup$
                – Giu Piete
                Mar 10 at 23:50







              • 1




                $begingroup$
                In the short term controlled melting could actually be used to close cracks in the plastic. Longer term, UV degradation will likely require replacement of the skin. You could either do that with a complicated continuous replacement system, or just have a simple maintenance cycle with complete skin replacement
                $endgroup$
                – Whitecold
                Mar 11 at 7:51










              • $begingroup$
                @jamesqf in terms of total energy balance maybe, but there's a heat distribution issue. While major motors would run hot, extremities (particularly fingers) would stay cold.
                $endgroup$
                – Alexander
                Mar 11 at 17:23










              • $begingroup$
                @Alexander: You could always use liquid cooling, with pipes carrying heat from the motors to a network of fine tubes under the skin. And re fingers staying cold, you mean the way mine do when I'm out cross-country skiing? I can be working up a good sweat, yet still have cold fingers.
                $endgroup$
                – jamesqf
                Mar 12 at 18:32















              9












              $begingroup$

              The material of your heaters is irrelevant. Running the right amount of current through any resistor will heat up the material. Heaters can be made thin, flexible, all it needs to have is slightly higher resistance than the leads going to the heater.
              What matters is that anything else can stand 37° Celsius, which is not that exotic. Any standard plastic will do, there are very few plastics being commonly used that can't stand 37°, since you can reach that on a hot summer day.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$








              • 6




                $begingroup$
                You don't even need heating elements (except perhaps when the humanoid is idle for long periods). The actuators and sensors are less than 100% efficient, and with decent insulation the waste heat suffices to keep the skin warm. Indeed, if it is very active, you'll need a way to remove excess heat, perhaps by the evaporation of liquid from the surface :-)
                $endgroup$
                – jamesqf
                Mar 10 at 23:48










              • $begingroup$
                Whilst most commonly used plastics do not instantly and obviously degrade at body temperature, it doesn't seem likely that there are many plastics that are as plastic as human skin if not continuously repaired & recycled.
                $endgroup$
                – Giu Piete
                Mar 10 at 23:50







              • 1




                $begingroup$
                In the short term controlled melting could actually be used to close cracks in the plastic. Longer term, UV degradation will likely require replacement of the skin. You could either do that with a complicated continuous replacement system, or just have a simple maintenance cycle with complete skin replacement
                $endgroup$
                – Whitecold
                Mar 11 at 7:51










              • $begingroup$
                @jamesqf in terms of total energy balance maybe, but there's a heat distribution issue. While major motors would run hot, extremities (particularly fingers) would stay cold.
                $endgroup$
                – Alexander
                Mar 11 at 17:23










              • $begingroup$
                @Alexander: You could always use liquid cooling, with pipes carrying heat from the motors to a network of fine tubes under the skin. And re fingers staying cold, you mean the way mine do when I'm out cross-country skiing? I can be working up a good sweat, yet still have cold fingers.
                $endgroup$
                – jamesqf
                Mar 12 at 18:32













              9












              9








              9





              $begingroup$

              The material of your heaters is irrelevant. Running the right amount of current through any resistor will heat up the material. Heaters can be made thin, flexible, all it needs to have is slightly higher resistance than the leads going to the heater.
              What matters is that anything else can stand 37° Celsius, which is not that exotic. Any standard plastic will do, there are very few plastics being commonly used that can't stand 37°, since you can reach that on a hot summer day.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$



              The material of your heaters is irrelevant. Running the right amount of current through any resistor will heat up the material. Heaters can be made thin, flexible, all it needs to have is slightly higher resistance than the leads going to the heater.
              What matters is that anything else can stand 37° Celsius, which is not that exotic. Any standard plastic will do, there are very few plastics being commonly used that can't stand 37°, since you can reach that on a hot summer day.







              share|improve this answer












              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer










              answered Mar 10 at 22:05









              WhitecoldWhitecold

              1,002212




              1,002212







              • 6




                $begingroup$
                You don't even need heating elements (except perhaps when the humanoid is idle for long periods). The actuators and sensors are less than 100% efficient, and with decent insulation the waste heat suffices to keep the skin warm. Indeed, if it is very active, you'll need a way to remove excess heat, perhaps by the evaporation of liquid from the surface :-)
                $endgroup$
                – jamesqf
                Mar 10 at 23:48










              • $begingroup$
                Whilst most commonly used plastics do not instantly and obviously degrade at body temperature, it doesn't seem likely that there are many plastics that are as plastic as human skin if not continuously repaired & recycled.
                $endgroup$
                – Giu Piete
                Mar 10 at 23:50







              • 1




                $begingroup$
                In the short term controlled melting could actually be used to close cracks in the plastic. Longer term, UV degradation will likely require replacement of the skin. You could either do that with a complicated continuous replacement system, or just have a simple maintenance cycle with complete skin replacement
                $endgroup$
                – Whitecold
                Mar 11 at 7:51










              • $begingroup$
                @jamesqf in terms of total energy balance maybe, but there's a heat distribution issue. While major motors would run hot, extremities (particularly fingers) would stay cold.
                $endgroup$
                – Alexander
                Mar 11 at 17:23










              • $begingroup$
                @Alexander: You could always use liquid cooling, with pipes carrying heat from the motors to a network of fine tubes under the skin. And re fingers staying cold, you mean the way mine do when I'm out cross-country skiing? I can be working up a good sweat, yet still have cold fingers.
                $endgroup$
                – jamesqf
                Mar 12 at 18:32












              • 6




                $begingroup$
                You don't even need heating elements (except perhaps when the humanoid is idle for long periods). The actuators and sensors are less than 100% efficient, and with decent insulation the waste heat suffices to keep the skin warm. Indeed, if it is very active, you'll need a way to remove excess heat, perhaps by the evaporation of liquid from the surface :-)
                $endgroup$
                – jamesqf
                Mar 10 at 23:48










              • $begingroup$
                Whilst most commonly used plastics do not instantly and obviously degrade at body temperature, it doesn't seem likely that there are many plastics that are as plastic as human skin if not continuously repaired & recycled.
                $endgroup$
                – Giu Piete
                Mar 10 at 23:50







              • 1




                $begingroup$
                In the short term controlled melting could actually be used to close cracks in the plastic. Longer term, UV degradation will likely require replacement of the skin. You could either do that with a complicated continuous replacement system, or just have a simple maintenance cycle with complete skin replacement
                $endgroup$
                – Whitecold
                Mar 11 at 7:51










              • $begingroup$
                @jamesqf in terms of total energy balance maybe, but there's a heat distribution issue. While major motors would run hot, extremities (particularly fingers) would stay cold.
                $endgroup$
                – Alexander
                Mar 11 at 17:23










              • $begingroup$
                @Alexander: You could always use liquid cooling, with pipes carrying heat from the motors to a network of fine tubes under the skin. And re fingers staying cold, you mean the way mine do when I'm out cross-country skiing? I can be working up a good sweat, yet still have cold fingers.
                $endgroup$
                – jamesqf
                Mar 12 at 18:32







              6




              6




              $begingroup$
              You don't even need heating elements (except perhaps when the humanoid is idle for long periods). The actuators and sensors are less than 100% efficient, and with decent insulation the waste heat suffices to keep the skin warm. Indeed, if it is very active, you'll need a way to remove excess heat, perhaps by the evaporation of liquid from the surface :-)
              $endgroup$
              – jamesqf
              Mar 10 at 23:48




              $begingroup$
              You don't even need heating elements (except perhaps when the humanoid is idle for long periods). The actuators and sensors are less than 100% efficient, and with decent insulation the waste heat suffices to keep the skin warm. Indeed, if it is very active, you'll need a way to remove excess heat, perhaps by the evaporation of liquid from the surface :-)
              $endgroup$
              – jamesqf
              Mar 10 at 23:48












              $begingroup$
              Whilst most commonly used plastics do not instantly and obviously degrade at body temperature, it doesn't seem likely that there are many plastics that are as plastic as human skin if not continuously repaired & recycled.
              $endgroup$
              – Giu Piete
              Mar 10 at 23:50





              $begingroup$
              Whilst most commonly used plastics do not instantly and obviously degrade at body temperature, it doesn't seem likely that there are many plastics that are as plastic as human skin if not continuously repaired & recycled.
              $endgroup$
              – Giu Piete
              Mar 10 at 23:50





              1




              1




              $begingroup$
              In the short term controlled melting could actually be used to close cracks in the plastic. Longer term, UV degradation will likely require replacement of the skin. You could either do that with a complicated continuous replacement system, or just have a simple maintenance cycle with complete skin replacement
              $endgroup$
              – Whitecold
              Mar 11 at 7:51




              $begingroup$
              In the short term controlled melting could actually be used to close cracks in the plastic. Longer term, UV degradation will likely require replacement of the skin. You could either do that with a complicated continuous replacement system, or just have a simple maintenance cycle with complete skin replacement
              $endgroup$
              – Whitecold
              Mar 11 at 7:51












              $begingroup$
              @jamesqf in terms of total energy balance maybe, but there's a heat distribution issue. While major motors would run hot, extremities (particularly fingers) would stay cold.
              $endgroup$
              – Alexander
              Mar 11 at 17:23




              $begingroup$
              @jamesqf in terms of total energy balance maybe, but there's a heat distribution issue. While major motors would run hot, extremities (particularly fingers) would stay cold.
              $endgroup$
              – Alexander
              Mar 11 at 17:23












              $begingroup$
              @Alexander: You could always use liquid cooling, with pipes carrying heat from the motors to a network of fine tubes under the skin. And re fingers staying cold, you mean the way mine do when I'm out cross-country skiing? I can be working up a good sweat, yet still have cold fingers.
              $endgroup$
              – jamesqf
              Mar 12 at 18:32




              $begingroup$
              @Alexander: You could always use liquid cooling, with pipes carrying heat from the motors to a network of fine tubes under the skin. And re fingers staying cold, you mean the way mine do when I'm out cross-country skiing? I can be working up a good sweat, yet still have cold fingers.
              $endgroup$
              – jamesqf
              Mar 12 at 18:32











              5












              $begingroup$

              They'd probably produce enough heat and be heat conductive enough to not actually have a problem but if we assume we need to fake it...



              I'd have a dense mesh of infrared LEDs and sensors under the skin.



              This would essentially (with some processing) give the robots the ability to see all around them with reasonable accuracy. This would allow them to accurately avoid embarrassing accidents. They'd know if somebody is standing behind them or if something is the path of their arm or if something is where their foot is about to land. They'd even "see" what is in the box they pushed their hand into without having to look.



              It would also give them a finely controllable infrared source, so they could give a precisely tuned experience of warmth directly to your skin without having to waste energy to warm themselves.



              Also, and this is actually an answer in itself without complex and expensive IR systems, simply make their skin have low heat capacity and conductivity. A surface like that will actually have the exact same temperature as your own skin when you touch it. If you are human and the aim is to make it feel the same as human temperature, this is exactly what you want.



              As mentioned this is actually enough to make them feel right. The IR system is only needed if you also want to mimic the way you can sometimes sense nearby human body heat.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$

















                5












                $begingroup$

                They'd probably produce enough heat and be heat conductive enough to not actually have a problem but if we assume we need to fake it...



                I'd have a dense mesh of infrared LEDs and sensors under the skin.



                This would essentially (with some processing) give the robots the ability to see all around them with reasonable accuracy. This would allow them to accurately avoid embarrassing accidents. They'd know if somebody is standing behind them or if something is the path of their arm or if something is where their foot is about to land. They'd even "see" what is in the box they pushed their hand into without having to look.



                It would also give them a finely controllable infrared source, so they could give a precisely tuned experience of warmth directly to your skin without having to waste energy to warm themselves.



                Also, and this is actually an answer in itself without complex and expensive IR systems, simply make their skin have low heat capacity and conductivity. A surface like that will actually have the exact same temperature as your own skin when you touch it. If you are human and the aim is to make it feel the same as human temperature, this is exactly what you want.



                As mentioned this is actually enough to make them feel right. The IR system is only needed if you also want to mimic the way you can sometimes sense nearby human body heat.






                share|improve this answer









                $endgroup$















                  5












                  5








                  5





                  $begingroup$

                  They'd probably produce enough heat and be heat conductive enough to not actually have a problem but if we assume we need to fake it...



                  I'd have a dense mesh of infrared LEDs and sensors under the skin.



                  This would essentially (with some processing) give the robots the ability to see all around them with reasonable accuracy. This would allow them to accurately avoid embarrassing accidents. They'd know if somebody is standing behind them or if something is the path of their arm or if something is where their foot is about to land. They'd even "see" what is in the box they pushed their hand into without having to look.



                  It would also give them a finely controllable infrared source, so they could give a precisely tuned experience of warmth directly to your skin without having to waste energy to warm themselves.



                  Also, and this is actually an answer in itself without complex and expensive IR systems, simply make their skin have low heat capacity and conductivity. A surface like that will actually have the exact same temperature as your own skin when you touch it. If you are human and the aim is to make it feel the same as human temperature, this is exactly what you want.



                  As mentioned this is actually enough to make them feel right. The IR system is only needed if you also want to mimic the way you can sometimes sense nearby human body heat.






                  share|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$



                  They'd probably produce enough heat and be heat conductive enough to not actually have a problem but if we assume we need to fake it...



                  I'd have a dense mesh of infrared LEDs and sensors under the skin.



                  This would essentially (with some processing) give the robots the ability to see all around them with reasonable accuracy. This would allow them to accurately avoid embarrassing accidents. They'd know if somebody is standing behind them or if something is the path of their arm or if something is where their foot is about to land. They'd even "see" what is in the box they pushed their hand into without having to look.



                  It would also give them a finely controllable infrared source, so they could give a precisely tuned experience of warmth directly to your skin without having to waste energy to warm themselves.



                  Also, and this is actually an answer in itself without complex and expensive IR systems, simply make their skin have low heat capacity and conductivity. A surface like that will actually have the exact same temperature as your own skin when you touch it. If you are human and the aim is to make it feel the same as human temperature, this is exactly what you want.



                  As mentioned this is actually enough to make them feel right. The IR system is only needed if you also want to mimic the way you can sometimes sense nearby human body heat.







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered Mar 11 at 0:27









                  Ville NiemiVille Niemi

                  35k260119




                  35k260119





















                      1












                      $begingroup$

                      You will need the skin to be warm, for the very reason human skin is warm. And it will have nothing to do with 'feeling like a human', and certainly no need for heating elements.



                      No matter how your muscles work, they will produce heat. Same for all of the electronics in the AI and the nervous system. This heat will have to be dissipated, for the same reason computers need to have cooling fans. I could see the mouth and nose working as cooling vents for fans, but I doubt that would be enough.



                      Your best bet would be something like the liquid cooling and ventilation garments readily available for human use. They would circulate the coolant (water? robot blood?) through the muscle fibers and electronics, to collect the heat, and then circulate it to the cooling tubes on the surface (or just below the surface) of your robot skin.



                      There would, of course, be no need for seams or openings. It would probably be an all one piece suit.






                      share|improve this answer









                      $endgroup$

















                        1












                        $begingroup$

                        You will need the skin to be warm, for the very reason human skin is warm. And it will have nothing to do with 'feeling like a human', and certainly no need for heating elements.



                        No matter how your muscles work, they will produce heat. Same for all of the electronics in the AI and the nervous system. This heat will have to be dissipated, for the same reason computers need to have cooling fans. I could see the mouth and nose working as cooling vents for fans, but I doubt that would be enough.



                        Your best bet would be something like the liquid cooling and ventilation garments readily available for human use. They would circulate the coolant (water? robot blood?) through the muscle fibers and electronics, to collect the heat, and then circulate it to the cooling tubes on the surface (or just below the surface) of your robot skin.



                        There would, of course, be no need for seams or openings. It would probably be an all one piece suit.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$















                          1












                          1








                          1





                          $begingroup$

                          You will need the skin to be warm, for the very reason human skin is warm. And it will have nothing to do with 'feeling like a human', and certainly no need for heating elements.



                          No matter how your muscles work, they will produce heat. Same for all of the electronics in the AI and the nervous system. This heat will have to be dissipated, for the same reason computers need to have cooling fans. I could see the mouth and nose working as cooling vents for fans, but I doubt that would be enough.



                          Your best bet would be something like the liquid cooling and ventilation garments readily available for human use. They would circulate the coolant (water? robot blood?) through the muscle fibers and electronics, to collect the heat, and then circulate it to the cooling tubes on the surface (or just below the surface) of your robot skin.



                          There would, of course, be no need for seams or openings. It would probably be an all one piece suit.






                          share|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$



                          You will need the skin to be warm, for the very reason human skin is warm. And it will have nothing to do with 'feeling like a human', and certainly no need for heating elements.



                          No matter how your muscles work, they will produce heat. Same for all of the electronics in the AI and the nervous system. This heat will have to be dissipated, for the same reason computers need to have cooling fans. I could see the mouth and nose working as cooling vents for fans, but I doubt that would be enough.



                          Your best bet would be something like the liquid cooling and ventilation garments readily available for human use. They would circulate the coolant (water? robot blood?) through the muscle fibers and electronics, to collect the heat, and then circulate it to the cooling tubes on the surface (or just below the surface) of your robot skin.



                          There would, of course, be no need for seams or openings. It would probably be an all one piece suit.







                          share|improve this answer












                          share|improve this answer



                          share|improve this answer










                          answered Mar 10 at 23:47









                          Justin Thyme the SecondJustin Thyme the Second

                          1




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