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On my Lenovo T460p, I have a "delay way" before touch pad movement or scrolling is registered. Note: This delay way is not to be confused with inactive areas of the touchpad as configurable through synclient and used e.g. for clickpad features. This can more be compared to "dead zones" of joysticks, which only react after a certain amount of movement.

When I touch the pad and start moving my finger, at first, nothing happens. I have to move the finger for a few millimeters before the mouse pointer would respond. It then registers the movement completely, which means that whenever I start using the touch pad, I have a skip by tens of pixels in the pointer movement. This makes the touch pad unusable for any "precision" work, such as hitting the close button on a tab.

This also happens after I let the finger rest within a movement for a second or so. The same happens for two-finger scrolling. These are the xinput settings:

Device 'SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad':
 Device Enabled (139): 1
 Coordinate Transformation Matrix (141): 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000
 Device Accel Profile (275): 1
 Device Accel Constant Deceleration (276): 2.500000
 Device Accel Adaptive Deceleration (277): 1.000000
 Device Accel Velocity Scaling (278): 12.500000
 Synaptics Edges (297): 1574, 5369, 1354, 4571
 Synaptics Finger (298): 25, 30, 0
 Synaptics Tap Time (299): 180
 Synaptics Tap Move (300): 254
 Synaptics Tap Durations (301): 180, 100, 100
 Synaptics ClickPad (302): 0
 Synaptics Middle Button Timeout (303): 75
 Synaptics Two-Finger Pressure (304): 282
 Synaptics Two-Finger Width (305): 7
 Synaptics Scrolling Distance (306): 115, 115
 Synaptics Edge Scrolling (307): 0, 0, 0
 Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling (308): 1, 1
 Synaptics Move Speed (309): 1.000000, 1.750000, 0.034590, 0.000000
 Synaptics Off (310): 0
 Synaptics Locked Drags (311): 0
 Synaptics Locked Drags Timeout (312): 5000
 Synaptics Tap Action (313): 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 2
 Synaptics Click Action (314): 1, 3, 2
 Synaptics Circular Scrolling (315): 0
 Synaptics Circular Scrolling Distance (316): 0.100000
 Synaptics Circular Scrolling Trigger (317): 0
 Synaptics Circular Pad (318): 0
 Synaptics Palm Detection (319): 0
 Synaptics Palm Dimensions (320): 10, 200
 Synaptics Coasting Speed (321): 20.000000, 50.000000
 Synaptics Pressure Motion (322): 30, 160
 Synaptics Pressure Motion Factor (323): 1.000000, 1.000000
 Synaptics Grab Event Device (324): 0
 Synaptics Gestures (325): 1
 Synaptics Capabilities (326): 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1
 Synaptics Pad Resolution (327): 65, 44
 Synaptics Area (328): 0, 0, 0, 0
 Synaptics Noise Cancellation (329): 28, 28
 Device Product ID (267): 2, 7
 Device Node (266): "/dev/input/event1"

Has anyone a solution for this?

I have tried to set Noise Cancellation to 0, 0, but that did not help.

This is on Debian testing (stretch). Fedora 24 Workstation Live Image also shows the same issue.

This could be caused by USB power management.

Try temporarily disabling USB power management and see if the problem disappears:

first use lsusb (part of the usbutils package) to identify the port that your touchpad uses:

Bus 002 Device 003: ID 18a5:0245 Verbatim, Ltd 
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

In my case this would be the logitech unifying receiver on bus 001 Device 003.
Now find the corresponding device in /sys/ using the vendor ID of your device (in my case the id is 046d):

grep 046d /sys/bus/usb/devices/*/idVendor

> /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-1.5/idVendor:046d

now tell the kernel to keep the device always on:

echo on >/sys/bus/usb/devices/1-1.5/power/control

if this helps, you can disable autosuspend in the laptop-mode tools. edit /etc/laptop-mode/conf.d/runtime-pm.conf and add AUTOSUSPEND_RUNTIME_DEVID_BLACKLIST="046d:c52b" where you replace 046d:c52b with the device id of your device given by lsusb. In my case I used the more general parameter that disables autosuspend for all human interface devices and storage devices: AUTOSUSPEND_RUNTIME_DEVTYPE_BLACKLIST="usbhid usb-storage"

I had the same issue in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

Installing this package seems to improve how the touchpad reacts a lot:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics