Nursery web spider
















Nursery web spider

Nursery web spider (Nilus albocinctus) female.jpg

Nilus albocinctus, female
Sabah, Borneo

Scientific classification e
Kingdom:

Animalia
Phylum:

Arthropoda
Subphylum:

Chelicerata
Class:

Arachnida
Order:

Araneae
Infraorder:

Araneomorphae
Family:

Pisauridae
Simon, 1890[1]
Genera

See text.



Diversity[2]

47 genera, 355 species

Distribution.pisauridae.1.png

Nursery web spiders are spiders of the family Pisauridae. They resemble wolf spiders (family Lycosidae), but they carry their egg sacs by means of their jaws and pedipalps (instead of attaching them to their spinnerets). When the eggs are about to hatch, a mother spider builds a nursery "tent", puts her egg sac inside, and mounts guard outside. The name "nursery web spider" is especially given to the European species Pisaura mirabilis, but the family also includes fishing spiders and raft spiders.


Unlike the wolf spiders, which have two very prominent eyes in addition to the other six, the eyes of the nursery web spiders are more or less the same size.[3] Many species are able to walk on the surface of still bodies of water, and may even dive beneath the surface for a time to escape enemies. In escaping predators, they may very well jump a distance of 5–6 inches. However, they do not find it easy to make their way up extremely smooth surfaces such as glass.


The female spider sometimes attempts to eat the male after mating. The male, to reduce the risk of this, often presents the female with a gift such as a fly when approaching in the hope that this will satisfy her hunger. Sometimes, this gift is a fake present intended to fool the female.[4] Males may wrap the fake gift in silk, to deceive the female to mate. Females can detect the fake gift and terminate mating, negating the male's deception in not giving a real gift.[5]




Contents





  • 1 Taxonomy

    • 1.1 Genera



  • 2 See also


  • 3 References




Taxonomy



Genera


As of March 2016[update], the World Spider Catalog accepted the following extant genera:[1]




  • Afropisaura Blandin, 1976


  • Archipirata Simon, 1898


  • Architis Simon, 1898


  • Bradystichus Simon, 1884


  • Caripetella Strand, 1928


  • Charminus Thorell, 1899


  • Chiasmopes Pavesi, 1883


  • Cispinilus Roewer, 1955


  • Cispius Simon, 1898


  • Cladycnis Simon, 1898


  • Conakrya Schmidt, 1956


  • Dendrolycosa Doleschall, 1859


  • Dolomedes Latreille, 1804


  • Eucamptopus Pocock, 1900


  • Euprosthenops Pocock, 1897


  • Euprosthenopsis Blandin, 1974


  • Hala Jocqué, 1994


  • Hygropoda Thorell, 1894


  • Ilipula Simon, 1903


  • Inola Davies, 1982


  • Maypacius Simon, 1898


  • Megadolomedes Davies & Raven, 1980


  • Nilus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876


  • Papakula Strand, 1911


  • Paracladycnis Blandin, 1979


  • Perenethis L. Koch, 1878


  • Phalaeops Roewer, 1955


  • Pisaura Simon, 1885


  • Pisaurina Simon, 1898


  • Polyboea Thorell, 1895


  • Qianlingula Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2004


  • Ransonia Blandin, 1979


  • Rothus Simon, 1898


  • Sphedanus Thorell, 1877


  • Stoliczka O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885


  • Tallonia Simon, 1889


  • Tapinothele Simon, 1898


  • Tapinothelella Strand, 1909


  • Tapinothelops Roewer, 1955


  • Tetragonophthalma Karsch, 1878


  • Thalassiopsis Roewer, 1955


  • Thaumasia Perty, 1833


  • Tinus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901


  • Tolma Jocqué, 1994


  • Voraptipus Roewer, 1955


  • Vuattouxia Blandin, 1979pa


  • Walrencea Blandin, 1979


Some fossilized spiders have also been assigned to this family:[6]



  • †Eopisaurella Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Early Eocene; Baltic amber)

  • †Palaeoperenethis Seldon & Penney, 2009 (Ypresian, British Columbia, Canada)




  • Nursery web spider carrying egg sac







  • Dolomedes fimbriatus with its nursery of babies







  • Megadolomedes australianus with a dragonfly as prey





See also


  • List of Pisauridae species

  • Spider families


References







  1. ^ ab "Family: Pisauridae Simon, 1890". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2016-03-15..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ "Currently valid spider genera and species", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-03-15


  3. ^ Sierwald, P. (1997) Phylogenetic analysis of Pisaurine nursery web spiders, with revisions of Tetragonophthalma and Perenethis (Araneae, Lycosidae, Pisauridae). The Journal of Arachnology 25:361–407 Americanarachnology.org


  4. ^ Male Spiders Scam Females with Gift-Wrapped Garbage


  5. ^ Albo, Maria J; Winther, Gudrun; Tuni, Cristina; Toft, Søren; Bilde, Trine (2011-11-14). "Worthless donations: male deception and female counter play in a nuptial gift-giving spider". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 329. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-329. PMC 3228764. PMID 22082300.


  6. ^ Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. (2015). "A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives" (PDF). World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2016-03-15.











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