mjhjmtu

How to center please the last cell ?

multicolumn1c@$M_1$ \[0.33ex]

How to write longer number to table? Multicolumns are not connected to the below part? Thank you

documentclass[12pt,a4paper]report
usepackage[czech]babel
usepackage[margin=2.5cm]geometry % choose suitable text block parameters
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[T1]fontenc
usepackagelmodern,textcomp

usepackageamsmath,amssymb,bm 
usepackage[nottoc]tocbibind
usepackageicomma,dcolumn,booktabs 

newcommandmc[1]multicolumn1c#1

usepackagetabularx,ragged2e % new
newcolumntyped[1]D.,#1
newcolumntypeL>RaggedRightarraybackslashX
begindocument


begintablefootnotesize
begintabularxtextwidth@ L d3.2 d1.2 d2.3 d2.3 *4d3.2 @
toprule
Zdroj & 
mc$P$ & 
mc$T_0$ & 
mc$e$ &
mc$omega$ & 
mc$i$ & 
mc$a$ & 
mc$a$ &

multicolumn1c@$M_1$ \[0.33ex]
 & mc(dny)
 & mc(RJD)
 & mc 
 & mc($ rm ^circ$) 
 & mc($ rm ^circ$)
 & mc($ rm R_odot$) 
 & mc($ rm M_odot$) 
 & mc($ rm M_odot$) 
 \
midrule

1 & 5,732436(15) & 54002,780(46) & 12.345 & 123.45 & 123.45 & 123.45 & 123.45 &\

bottomrule
addlinespace
multicolumn8@lfootnotesizetextitPozn: $^a$ Směrodatná chyba odhadu metodou Monte Carlo.
endtabularx

captionMaximálně věrohodné odhady v~modelu M.labeltab03:Nejaka
endtable

enddocument

EDIT
Where do I please make mistake when I want to delete two columns?

I have this code?

documentclass[12pt,a4paper]report
usepackage[T1]fontenc
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[czech]babel

usepackage[margin=2.5cm]geometry % choose suitable text block parameters
usepackagelmodern,textcomp

usepackageamsmath,amssymb,bm 
usepackage[nottoc]tocbibind
usepackagebooktabs,siunitx 

newcommandMomathrmM_odot
newcommandRomathrmR_odot

begindocument

begintable
footnotesize

begintabular*textwidth
 @extracolsepfill
 l
 S[table-format=1.6(2)]
 S[table-format=5.3(2)]
 S[table-format=2.3]
 *5S[table-format=3.2]
 @

toprule
Zdroj & 
$P$ & 
$T_0$ & 
$e$ &
$omega$ & 
$i$ & 
$a$ & 
$a$ &
$M_1$ \[0.33ex]
 & (dny)
 & (RJD)
 & 
 & ($^circ$) 
 & ($^circ$) 
 & ($Ro$)
 & ($Mo$)
 & ($Mo$) 
 \
midrule

1 & 5,732436(15) & 54002,780(46) & 12.345 & 123.45 & 123.45 & 123.45 & 123.45 &\

bottomrule
addlinespace
multicolumn9@ltextitPozn: $^a$ Směrodatná chyba odhadu metodou Monte Carlo.
endtabular*

captionMaximálně věrohodné odhady v~modelu M.labeltab03:Nejaka
endtable

enddocument

I eddited in bad way:

documentclass[12pt,a4paper]report
usepackage[english,czech]babel
usepackage[margin=2.5cm]geometry
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[T1]fontenc
usepackagelmodern,textcomp
usepackageamsmath,amssymb,bm 
usepackage[nottoc]tocbibind
usepackageicomma,dcolumn,booktabs 

newcommandmc[1]multicolumn1c#1
usepackagetabularx,ragged2e 
newcolumntyped[1]D.,#1
newcolumntypeL>RaggedRightarraybackslashX
begindocument

begintablesmall
setlengthtabcolsep3pt 
begintabularxtextwidth@ L cc c c *2c @
toprule
Zdroj & $P$ & $T_0$ & mc$e$ & mc$omega$ & mc$i$ & mc$a$ & mc$a$ & multicolumn1c@$M_1$ \[0.33ex]
& (dny) & (RJD) & & mc($^circ$) & mc($mathrmM_odot$) & multicolumn1c@($mathrmM_odot$) \
midrule
1 & 5,732436(15) & 54002,780(46) & 0,0910(37) & 12.345 & 123.45 & 123.45 \

bottomrule
addlinespace
multicolumn6@lfootnotesizetextitPozn: $^a$ Směrodatná chyba odhadu metodou Monte Carlo.
endtabularx

captionMaximálně věrohodné odhady v~modelu M.labeltab03:Nejaka
endtable

enddocument

• 
  

  The particle $M_1$ is actually placed correctly at the moment. (Recall that whitespace padding at both edges of the table is suppressed, courtesy of the @ particles.) It's the mc($ rm M_odot$) item that is not placed correctly. Just as you did for the case of

  
  
  

  multicolumn1c@$M_1$
  

  
  
  

  you have to write

  
  
  

  multicolumn1c@($(mathrmM_odot$)
  

  
  
  

  in order to get the placement just right.

  
  
  

  Note that rm ... is badly deprecated in LaTeX documents. Don't use is. Intead, write mathrm....

  
  



• The d column type is meant to be employed if the numbers in the column need to be aligned on their decimal markers. If that's not the case, you shouldn't even be using the d column type. You haven't provided much information about the actual types of numbers that may occur in columns 2 and 3. Absent more specific information, all I can assume is that simple centering (via the c column type) is fine for these two columns.

documentclass[12pt,a4paper]report
usepackage[czech]babel
usepackage[margin=2.5cm]geometry
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[T1]fontenc
usepackagelmodern,textcomp
usepackageamsmath,amssymb,bm 
usepackage[nottoc]tocbibind
usepackageicomma,dcolumn,booktabs 

newcommandmc[1]multicolumn1c#1
usepackagetabularx,ragged2e 
newcolumntyped[1]D.,#1
newcolumntypeL>RaggedRightarraybackslashX
begindocument

begintable
setlengthtabcolsep3pt % default: 6pt
%footnotesize % Don't use footnotesize unless you want to make the material difficult to read
begintabularxtextwidth@ L cc d2.3 d2.3 *4d3.2 @
toprule
Zdroj & $P$ & $T_0$ & mc$e$ &
mc$omega$ & mc$i$ & mc$a$ & mc$a$ &
multicolumn1c@$M_1$ \[0.33ex]
& (dny) & (RJD) & & mc($^circ$) & mc($^circ$)
& mc($mathrmR_odot$) & mc($mathrmM_odot$) & multicolumn1c@($mathrmM_odot$) \
midrule
Bla bla bla bla bla bla 
& 5,732436(15) & 54002,780(46) 
& 12.345 & 12.345 & 123.45 & 123.45 & 123.45 & 123.45\
bottomrule
addlinespace
multicolumn8@lfootnotesizetextitPozn: $^a$ Směrodatná chyba odhadu metodou Monte Carlo.
endtabularx

captionMaximálně věrohodné odhady v~modelu M.labeltab03:Nejaka
endtable

enddocument

I suggest using siunitx, which covers much more than dcolumn does.

documentclass[12pt,a4paper]report
usepackage[T1]fontenc
usepackage[utf8]inputenc
usepackage[czech]babel

usepackage[margin=2.5cm]geometry % choose suitable text block parameters
usepackagelmodern,textcomp

usepackageamsmath,amssymb,bm 
usepackage[nottoc]tocbibind
usepackagebooktabs,siunitx 

newcommandMomathrmM_odot
newcommandRomathrmR_odot

begindocument

begintable
footnotesize

begintabular*textwidth
 @extracolsepfill
 l
 S[table-format=1.6(2)]
 S[table-format=5.3(2)]
 S[table-format=2.3]
 *5S[table-format=3.2]
 @

toprule
Zdroj & 
$P$ & 
$T_0$ & 
$e$ &
$omega$ & 
$i$ & 
$a$ & 
$a$ &
$M_1$ \[0.33ex]
 & (dny)
 & (RJD)
 & 
 & ($^circ$) 
 & ($^circ$) 
 & ($Ro$)
 & ($Mo$)
 & ($Mo$) 
 \
midrule

1 & 5,732436(15) & 54002,780(46) & 12.345 & 123.45 & 123.45 & 123.45 & 123.45 &\

bottomrule
addlinespace
multicolumn9@ltextitPozn: $^a$ Směrodatná chyba odhadu metodou Monte Carlo.
endtabular*

captionMaximálně věrohodné odhady v~modelu M.labeltab03:Nejaka
endtable

enddocument

Note that rm has been deprecated for more than 20 years. The correct syntax is mathrmM_odot, but I added a couple of new commands for ease of input.

See also Slovak (and Czech) babel gives problems with cmidrule and cline for problems with cmidrule.