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Helmstedt
Helmstedt
	; ; Juleum Novum, building of the former University of Helmstedt; ;
	; ; Coat of arms;
	; ; Coat of arms;
	; ; ; ; Helmstedt ; ; ; ; Location of Helmstedt within Helmstedt district; ; ; ; ; ;
	Coordinates: 52°13′41″N 11°00′38″E / 52.22806°N 11.01056°E / 52.22806; 11.01056Coordinates: 52°13′41″N 11°00′38″E / 52.22806°N 11.01056°E / 52.22806; 11.01056;
Country	Germany
State	Lower Saxony
District	Helmstedt
First mentioned	952
Government ;
• Mayor;	Wittich Schobert (CDU)
Area ;
• Total	66.54 km2 (25.69 sq mi)
Elevation ;	123 m (404 ft)
Population (2017-12-31);
• Total	25,803
• Density	390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Time zone	; CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes	38350
Dialling codes	05351
Vehicle registration	HE
Website	www.stadt-helmstedt.de

in Lower Saxony, Germany

Helmstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛlmˌʃtɛt]) is a town on the eastern edge of the German state of Lower Saxony. It is the capital of the District of Helmstedt. The historic university and Hanseatic city conserves an important monumental heritage of Romanesque and Renaissance buildings, as well as numerous timber framed houses. During the German partition the nearby Bundesautobahn 2 was the site of the Helmstedt–Marienborn border crossing, the most important on the former inner German border as starting point of the shortest land route between West Germany and West Berlin.

Geography

Helmstedt is situated in a basin between the Elm and Lappwald hill ranges, at the transition area between the northern foothills of the Harz mountains and the North German Plain. It is surrounded by the Elm-Lappwald Nature Park. The town centre is located about 36 kilometres (22 mi) east of Braunschweig, 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Magdeburg, and 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of the state capital Hanover.

The municipal area includes the localities of Barmke and Emmerstedt, both incorporated by a 1974 administrative reform, and Büddenstedt, incorporated in 2017, as well as the resort town of Bad Helmstedt, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) east of the town centre. Helmstedt currently has about 25,000 inhabitants (2015).

History

The settlement in the Duchy of Saxony was first mentioned as Helmonstede in a 952 deed issued by the German king Otto I. In former times also called Helmstädt, the town developed in the vicinity of the Benedictine St. Ludger's Abbey that was founded around 800 by Saint Liudger as a mission station. Helmstedt's town privileges were documented in 1247. It belonged to the Abbacy of Werden until 1490, when it was bought by the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. From 1576 to 1810, the University of Helmstedt was located here.

From the late 1940s to 1990, the town was the site of a major border crossing between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. The main rail and autobahn route between West Germany and Berlin, across the GDR, began at the Helmstedt–Marienborn border crossing, also known as Checkpoint Alpha. Official military traffic from NATO countries to West Berlin was only allowed to use this route.

Transport

The town lies on the Brunswick-Magdeburg railway.

Mayor's office (built 1904 - 1906)

The "Owl Tower" of the medieval town wall

The Hausmannsturm of Helmstedt

Memorial to the former border between West and East Germany

Famous citizens

Victor von Bruns in 1878

Paul Gottlieb Werlhof 1742

Franz Heinrich Ludolf Ahrens, (1809-1881), philologist

Bibiana Beglau, (born 1971), actress

Victor von Bruns, (1812–1883), physician and plastic surgeon

Georg Fein (1803–1869), journalist and democratic politicians of Vormärz, founder and organizer of Workers' Educational Association s

Peter Feldmann (born 1958), politician, mayor (SPD) of Frankfurt since 2012

Johann Andreas Graeffer (1746–1802) botanist and nurseryman remembered by garden historians as having introduced a number of exotic plants to British gardens

Johann Christian Friedrich Heyer (1793–1873), the first missionary who was sent abroad by Lutherans in the US

Hans Krebs, (1898–1945), military officer and chief of staff of the Wehrmacht

Rudolf Leuckart, (1822–1898), biologist and founder of parasitology

Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein, (1753-1816), zoologist and librarian

Johann Heinrich Meibom (1590–1655), German physician and professor of medicine at the University of Helmstedt

Karl Reinhard (1769–1840), writer and editor of the Göttingen Musenalmanachs

Stefan Rinke (* 1965), historian and specialist in Latin American history

Theodor von Schubert (1758–1825), astronomer

Paul Gottlieb Werlhof (1699–1767), Royal Hanoverian court physician and poet

Andree Wiedener, (born 1970), footballer, last active for Eintracht Frankfurt

In addition, see the list of famous students and professors of the University of Helmstedt.

Twinnings

Vitré, France since 1978

Chard, United Kingdom since 1980

Albuquerque, United States since 1983

Fiuggi, Italy since 1986

Haldensleben, Germany since 1990

Svetlahorsk, Belarus since 1991

Orăştie, Romania since 2002

References

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Helmstedt". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em