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40th Parliament of Canada;
	minority parliament
	November 18, 2008 – March 26, 2011
Parliament leaders
; Prime; Minister; (cabinet)	Rt. Hon. Stephen Harper; (28th Canadian Ministry); February 6, 2006 – November 4, 2015
Leader of the; Opposition	Hon. Stéphane Dion; December 2, 2006 – December 10, 2008
	Hon. Michael Ignatieff; December 10, 2008 – May 2, 2011
Party caucuses
Government	Conservative Party
Opposition	Liberal Party
Third parties	Bloc Québécois
	New Democratic Party
Unrecognized	; Progressive Conservative*
	* Only in the Senate.;
House of Commons
	; ; Seating arrangements of the House of Commons;
Speaker of the; Commons	Hon. Peter Milliken; January 29, 2001 – June 2, 2011
Government; House Leader	Hon. Jay Hill; October 3, 2008 – August 6, 2010
	Hon. John Baird; August 6, 2010 – May 2, 2011
Opposition; House Leader	Hon. Ralph Goodale; February 10, 2006 – September 10, 2010
	; David McGuinty; September 10, 2010 – May 26, 2011
Members	308 seats MP seats; List of members;
Senate
	; ; Seating arrangements of the Senate;
Speaker of the; Senate	Hon. Noël A. Kinsella; February 8, 2006 – November 26, 2014
Government; Senate Leader	Hon. Marjory LeBreton; February 6, 2006 - July 14, 2013
Opposition; Senate Leader	Hon. Jim Cowan; November 3, 2008 – present
Senators	105 seats senator seats; List of senators;
Sessions
	; 1st Session; November 18, 2008 – December 4, 2008
	; 2nd Session; January 26, 2009 – December 30, 2009
	; 3rd Session; March 3, 2010 – March 26, 2011
<39th	41st>

The 40th Canadian Parliament was in session from November 18, 2008 to March 26, 2011, and was the last Parliament of the longest-running minority government in Canadian history that began with the previous Parliament. The membership of its House of Commons was determined by the results of the 2008 federal election held on October 14, 2008. Its first session was then prorogued by the Governor General on December 4, 2008, at the request of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who was facing a likely no-confidence motion and a coalition agreement between the Liberal party and the New Democratic Party with the support of the Bloc Québécois (see 2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute). Of the 308 MPs elected at the October 14, 2008 general election, 64 were new to Parliament and three sat in Parliaments previous to the 39th: John Duncan, Jack Harris, and Roger Pomerleau.

There were three sessions of the 40th Parliament.

On March 25, 2011, the House of Commons passed a Liberal motion of non-confidence by a vote of 156 to 145, finding the Conservative Cabinet in contempt of parliament, an unprecedented finding in Canadian and Commonwealth parliamentary history.^[1] On March 26, 2011, Prime Minister Stephen Harper subsequently asked Governor General David Johnston to dissolve parliament and issue a writ of election.^[2]

Party standings

The party standings as of the election, and at dissolution, were as follows:

Standings in the 40th Canadian Parliament
Affiliation		House Members		Senate Members
Affiliation		2008 Election Results^[3]	At Dissolution	On Election Day 2008^[4]	At Dissolution
	Conservative	143	143	21	52
	Liberal	77	77	58	46
	Bloc Québécois	49	47	0	0
	New Democratic	37	36	0	0
	Independent	2^[5]	1^[6]	5^[7]	2^[8]
	Senate Progressive Conservative Caucus	0	0	3^[9]	2^[10]
	Independent Conservative	0	1^[11]	0	0
	Independent Liberal	0	0	1^[12]	0
	Independent New Democrat	0	0	1^[13]	0
Total members		308	305	89	102
	Vacant	0	3	16	3
Total seats		308		105

Resignations and by-elections

NDP MP Dawn Black resigned her seat of New Westminster—Coquitlam effective April 13, 2009, to run (successfully) in the provincial riding of New Westminster in the 2009 British Columbia general election.^[14] The NDP's Fin Donnelly won the seat left vacant by Black in a by-election on November 9, 2009.^[15]

Independent MP Bill Casey resigned his seat of Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley effective April 30, 2009, to accept a job as the Nova Scotia Department of Intergovernmental Affairs' senior representative in Ottawa. He was a former Conservative who voted against the 2007 budget, claiming that it broke the Atlantic Accord with his province and Newfoundland and Labrador, and was subsequently expelled from the Conservative caucus.^[16]Scott Armstrong, the Conservative candidate, won the by-election for this seat on November 9, 2009.^[15]

Bloc Québécois MP Paul Crête resigned his seat of Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup on May 21, 2009, to run in a provincial by-election in Rivière-du-Loup. Conservative Bernard Généreux won the November 9, 2009 by-election for this seat.^[15]

Bloc Québécois MP Réal Ménard resigned his seat of Hochelaga on September 16, 2009, to run in Montreal's municipal elections.^[17] On November 9, 2009, Daniel Paillé won this seat for the Bloc in a by-election.^[15]

New Democratic Party MP Judy Wasylycia-Leis (Winnipeg North) resigned from the House on April 30, 2010, to run (unsuccessfully) for the mayoralty of Winnipeg.^[18] Liberal Kevin Lamoureux won the by-election to replace her on November 29, 2010.^[19]

Liberal MP Maurizio Bevilacqua (Vaughan) resigned from the House effective August 25, 2010 to successfully run for mayor in Vaughan.^[20] Conservative Julian Fantino won the November 29, 2010 by-election to replace him.^[19]

Conservative MP Inky Mark (Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette) resigned from the House effective September 15, 2010 to run for mayor in Dauphin.^[21]Robert Sopuck held the seat for the Conservatives in a by-election held on November 29, 2010.^[19]

Bloc Québécois MP Jean-Yves Roy resigned from the House effective October 22, 2010,^[22] followed by Conservative MP Jay Hill effective October 25, 2010.^[23] Conservative MP Jim Prentice resigned from the House effective November 14, 2010 to take a position with CIBC.^[24] By-elections in these three ridings were not scheduled prior to the issue of the writ for the 41st general election.

1st session and prorogation

The first session of the 40th parliament opened on November 18, 2008, after Prime Minister Stephen Harper and the Conservatives won a slightly stronger minority government in the 2008 election. With a new government in session, Finance Minister Jim Flaherty tabled a fiscal update nine days later. Among other things, the update cut government spending, suspended the ability of civil servants to strike, sold off some Crown assets, and eliminated existing political party subsidies. This fiscal update was rejected by the opposition, and became a catalyst for talks of a coalition government. Stéphane Dion of the Liberal Party and Jack Layton of the New Democratic Party, signed an accord stating that in the event that the government lost the confidence of the house, they would form a coalition with the support of Gilles Duceppe and the Bloc Québécois, if asked to do so by the Governor General of Canada Michaëlle Jean. However, Stephen Harper delayed the vote of non-confidence scheduled for December 1, and the Governor General prorogued parliament on Harper's advice on December 4, 2008, until January 26, 2009.

After prorogation, calls came from within the Liberal Party for Dion to resign immediately. Dion initially scheduled his resignation for the party's leadership convention in May 2009, but on December 8, 2008, he announced that he would step down upon the selection of an interim leader. After the withdrawal of Bob Rae and Dominic LeBlanc from the 2009 leadership race, Michael Ignatieff became the only leadership candidate, and therefore was appointed interim leader of the Liberals and the opposition on December 10, 2008.

2nd Session and prorogation

The Governor-in-Council recalled parliament on January 26, 2009. Its first business (after the Throne Speech) was to present the federal budget, which included a large deficit. After negotiations with new opposition leader Michael Ignatieff, the government promised to present regular updates on the stimulus budget, and the Liberals and Conservatives joined to pass the budget and keep the Conservative government in power. The Conservative government made crime a major focus of the session. The Conservatives reintroduced their former mandatory minimums bill, known as Bill C-15.^[25]

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Protest on Parliament Hill in Ottawa against the prorogation

March in Vancouver against the prorogation

On December 30, 2009, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that he would advise the Governor General to prorogue parliament during the 2010 Winter Olympics, until March 3, 2010. He telephoned Governor General Michaëlle Jean to ask her permission to end the parliamentary session and Jean signed the proclamation later that day.^[26]^[27]
According to Harper's spokesman, he sought his second prorogation to consult with Canadians about the economy.^[26] In an interview with CBC News, Prince Edward Island Liberal member of parliament Wayne Easter accused the Prime Minister of "shutting democracy down".^[28]^[29] The second prorogation in a year also received some international criticism as being not very democratic.^[30]

In response to the prorogation, demonstrations took place on January 23, 2010, in over 60 Canadian cities, and at least four cities in other countries. The protests attracted thousands of participants, many who had joined a group on Facebook.^[31]^[32] Media related to Protests against the prorogation of the 40th Parliament of Canada at Wikimedia Commons

Senate appointments

The Senate of Canada has seen new members appointed in blocs of 18, 9, and 5; all were appointed to the Conservative caucus. The balance of power shifted for the first time on August 27, 2009, when the Liberal caucus was reduced to holding a plurality of 52 seats. On January 29, 2010, the balance shifted again as five vacancies were filled by appointed Conservatives, giving them a plurality of 51, with the Liberals holding the next-highest number of seats at 49. The Conservatives achieved an absolute majority when Don Meredith and Larry Smith were appointed on December 20, 2010. After dissolution, Smith and Fabian Manning resigned to run in the 2011 election. That reduced the Conservative caucus to 52, but they retained a majority of sitting senators as there were 50 senators of other parties and 3 vacancies.

Honorary Senators

The Senate of Canada posthumously awarded the title of Honorary Senator during the 40th Parliament to five pioneering women known as The Famous Five.^[33]

Emily Murphy
Henrietta Muir Edwards
Nellie McClung
Irene Parlby
Louise McKinney

Members

For full lists of members of the 40th Parliament of Canada, see List of House members of the 40th Parliament of Canada and List of senators in the 40th Parliament of Canada.

Committees

House

Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development

Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics

Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food

Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage

Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration

Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development

Standing Committee on Finance

Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans

Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development

Standing Committee on Government Operations and Estimates

Standing Committee on Health

Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities

Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology

Standing Committee on International Trade

Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights

Standing Committee on National Defence

Standing Committee on Natural Resources

Standing Committee on Official Languages

Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs^[34]

Standing Committee on Public Accounts

Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security

Standing Committee on the Status of Women

Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities

Standing Committee on Veterans Affairs^[35]

Senate

Standing Committee on Aboriginal Peoples

Special Committee on Aging

Standing Committee on Agriculture and Forestry

Special Committee on Anti-terrorism

Standing Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce

Standing Committee on Conflict of Interest for Seniors

Standing Committee on Energy, the Environment and Natural Resources

Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans

Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade

Standing Committee on Human Rights

Standing Committee on Internal Economy, Budgets and Administration

Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs

Standing Committee on National Finance

Standing Committee on National Security and Defence
- Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs

Standing Committee on Official Languages

Standing Committee on Rules, Procedures and the Rights of Parliament

Selection Committee

Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology
- Subcommittee on Cities
- Subcommittee on Population Health

Standing Committee on Transport and Communications

Joint Committees

Standing Joint Committee on Library of Parliament

Standing Joint Committee on Scrutiny of Regulations^[36]

Officeholders

Speakers

Senate: Noël Kinsella, Conservative Senator for New Brunswick.

House of Commons: Peter Milliken, the Liberal member for Kingston and the Islands.

Other Chair occupants

Senate

Speaker pro tempore of the Canadian Senate:
- Rose-Marie Losier-Cool, Liberal Senator from New Brunswick (until March 2, 2010)
- Donald H. Oliver, Conservative Senator for Nova Scotia (from March 4, 2010)

House of Commons

House of Commons Deputy Speaker and Chair of Committees of the Whole: Andrew Scheer, Conservative member for Regina—Qu'Appelle

Deputy Chair of Committees of the Whole: Denise Savoie, NDP member for Victoria

Assistant Deputy Chair of Committees of the Whole: Barry Devolin, Conservative member for Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock

Leaders

Prime Minister of Canada: Rt. Hon. Stephen Harper (Conservative)

Leader of the Opposition (Liberal):
1. Hon. Stéphane Dion (until December 9, 2008)
2. Hon. Michael Ignatieff (acting from December 10, 2008, permanent from May 2, 2009)

Bloc Québécois leader: Gilles Duceppe

New Democratic Party leader: Hon. Jack Layton

Floor leaders

Senate

Leader of the Government in the Senate: Hon. Marjory LeBreton

Leader of the Opposition in the Senate: Jim Cowan

House of Commons

Government House Leader:
1. Hon. Jay Hill (until Aug 6, 2010)
2. Hon. John Baird (from Aug 6, 2010)

Opposition House Leader:
1. Hon. Ralph Goodale (until Sept 9, 2010)
2. David McGuinty (from Sept 8, 2010)

Bloc Québécois House Leader: Pierre Paquette

New Democratic Party House Leader: Libby Davies

Whips

Senate

Government Whip in the Senate:
- Terry Stratton (until Dec 31, 2009)
- Consiglio Di Nino (from Jan 1, 2010)

Deputy Government Whip in the Senate: Stephen Greene

Opposition Whip in the Senate: Jim Munson

Deputy Opposition Whip in the Senate: Elizabeth Hubley

House of Commons

Chief Government Whip: Hon. Gordon O'Connor

Deputy Government Whip: Harold Albrecht

Official Opposition Whip:
1. Rodger Cuzner (until Sept 10, 2010)
2. Marcel Proulx (from Sept 10, 2010)

Bloc Québécois Whip:
1. Michel Guimond (until June 22, 2010)
2. Claude DeBellefeuille (from June 23, 2010)

New Democratic Party Whip: Yvon Godin

Shadow cabinets

Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada

Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada

New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 40th Parliament of Canada

By-elections

By-elections to the 40th Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2008 federal election and the 2011 federal election. The Conservative Party of Canada led a minority government for the entirety of the 40th Canadian Parliament, with little change from by-elections.

Ten seats became vacant during the life of the Parliament. Seven of these vacancies were filled through by-elections, and three seats remained vacant when the 2011 federal election was called.

Overview

By-election	Date	Incumbent		Winner		Cause	Retained
Calgary Centre-North	2011 (cancelled)	Jim Prentice	Conservative	NA	NA	Resigned to enter private sector	NA
Prince George—Peace River	2011 (cancelled)	Jay Hill	Conservative	NA	NA	Resigned	NA
Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia	2011 (cancelled)	Jean-Yves Roy	Bloc Québécois	NA	NA	Resigned	NA
Vaughan	November 29, 2010	Maurizio Bevilacqua	Liberal	Julian Fantino	Conservative	Resigned to run for Mayor of Vaughan	No
Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette	November 29, 2010	Inky Mark	Conservative	Robert Sopuck	Conservative	Resigned to run for Mayor of Dauphin	Yes
Winnipeg North	November 29, 2010	Judy Wasylycia-Leis	NDP	Kevin Lamoureux	Liberal	Resigned to run for Mayor of Winnipeg	No
Cumberland—Colchester— Musquodoboit Valley	November 9, 2009	Bill Casey	Independent	Scott Armstrong	Conservative	Resigned to accept appointment with Nova Scotia's Department of Intergovernmental Affairs	No
Hochelaga	November 9, 2009	Réal Ménard	Bloc Québécois	Daniel Paillé	Bloc Québécois	Resigned to run for Montreal City Council	Yes
Montmagny—L'Islet— Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup	November 9, 2009	Paul Crête	Bloc Québécois	Bernard Généreux	Conservative	Resigned to enter provincial politics	No
New Westminster—Coquitlam	November 9, 2009	Dawn Black	NDP	Fin Donnelly	NDP	Resigned to enter provincial politics	Yes

2009

Four by-elections to fill vacant seats in the House of Commons were held on November 9, 2009. Governor General Michaëlle Jean, acting on the advice of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, issued writs of election for the by-elections on October 4.^[37] All four vacancies were caused by resignations.

New Westminster—Coquitlam

The riding of New Westminster—Coquitlam had been vacant since April 13, when Dawn Black resigned to run in the British Columbia provincial election.

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on November 9, 2009 resignation of Dawn Black
	New Democratic	Fin Donnelly	12,129	49.6%	+7.8%
	Conservative	Diana Dilworth	8,753	35.8%	-3.0%
	Liberal	Ken Lee	2,514	10.3%	-1.0%
	Green	Rebecca Helps	1,046	4.3%	-2.9%
Total valid votes			24,442
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			24,442	29.9%
	New Democrat hold

Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley

The riding of Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley had been vacant since April 30, 2009, when Bill Casey resigned to accept a posting from the provincial government of Nova Scotia.^[38]

Scott Armstrong was nominated unopposed by the Conservatives. Farmer Jim Burrows defeated 2008 Liberal candidate Tracy Parsons for the Liberal nomination on September 12, 2009.

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on November 9, 2009 Resignation of Bill Casey
	Conservative	Scott Armstrong	11,167	45.84%	+37.01%
	New Democratic	Mark Austin	6,267	25.73%	+13.41%
	Liberal	Jim Burrows	5,193	21.32%	+12.87%
	Green	Jason Blanch	803	3.30%	+3.30%
	Christian Heritage	Jim Hnatiuk	776	3.19%	+3.19%
	Independent	Kate Graves	149	0.61%
Total valid votes			24,359
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			24,359	35.7%
	Conservative gain from Independent

Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup

The riding of Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup had been vacant since May 21, when Paul Crête resigned to run as a Parti Québécois candidate in the provincial Rivière-du-Loup by-election.

According to the Regina Leader-Post, Bernard Généreux won the by-election.^[39]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on November 9, 2009 resignation of Paul Crête
	Conservative	Bernard Généreux^[40]	12,162	42.7%	+12.07%
	Bloc Québécois	Nancy Gagnon^[41]	10,737	37.7%	-8.33%
	Liberal	Marcel Catellier^[42]^[43]	3,768	13.2%	-2.15%
	New Democratic	François Lapointe^[44]	1,363	4.8%	-0.65%
	Green	Charles Marois^[45]	472	1.7%	-0.49%
Total valid votes			28,502
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			28,502	36.6%
	Conservative gain from Bloc Québécois

Hochelaga

On June 25, 2009, Réal Ménard announced that he would resign from the Hochelaga constituency effective September 16 to run as a Vision Montreal candidate for borough mayor of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in the fall 2009 municipal elections in Montreal.^[46]

Daniel Paillé won the by-election according to CBC News.^[47]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on November 9, 2009 resignation of Réal Ménard
	Bloc Québécois	Daniel Paillé^[48]	8,972	51.2%	+1.47%
	New Democratic	Jean-Claude Rocheleau^[49]	3,421	19.5%	+5.06%
	Liberal	Robert David^[50]	2,510	14.3%	-6.36%
	Conservative	Stéphanie Cloutier^[51]	1,784	10.2%	+1.01%
	Green	Christine Lebel^[52]	571	3.3%	-0.95%
	neorhino.ca	Gabrielle Anctil^[53]	129	0.7%	+0.2%
	Marxist–Leninist	Christine Dandenault^[54]	79	0.5%	+0.12%
	Independent	John Turmel^[54]	71	0.4%	ø
Total valid votes			17,526
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			17,526	22.3%
	Bloc Québécois hold		Swing		3

2010

Three by-elections were held on November 29, 2010, in order to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada for two seats in Manitoba and one seat in Ontario. Until pre-empted by the issuance of writs for the 41st federal election, a further three by-elections were pending for one seat in Alberta, one seat in Quebec and one seat in British Columbia.^[55]

Background

The three seats were vacant due to the resignations of Inky Mark, Judy Wasylycia-Leis, and Maurizio Bevilacqua from the House of Commons. The incumbents had resigned their seats to run for the mayoralty of their hometowns in municipal elections. Bevilacqua was subsequently elected mayor of Vaughan, Ontario while Wasylycia-Leis and Mark were defeated in their attempts. A further three seats, Calgary Centre-North, Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia and Prince George—Peace River also became vacant in late October or November, however these vacancies occurred too late to be included in the November 29 by-election call.

Timing

Under Canadian election law, a by-election must be formally announced no earlier than 11 days and no later than 180 days after a vacancy officially takes effect. Due to the timing of the respective resignations, this means that the date of the Winnipeg North by-election had to be announced by October 27, while the scheduling period for all of the other four by-elections extended into 2011.^[56] Consequently, the Winnipeg North by-election had to be called at least a week before the window opened in which Prince George—Peace River and Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia by-elections could be called.

When multiple vacancies exist, it is customary, though not mandatory, for by-elections to be held on the same date.

Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette

A by-election was held in the Manitoba federal riding of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette as incumbent MP Inky Mark resigned effective September 15, 2010 as the Conservative Party of Canada Member of Parliament in order to run unsuccessfully for mayor of Dauphin, Manitoba.^[57]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on November 29, 2010 resignation of Inky Mark on September 15, 2010
	Conservative	Robert Sopuck	8,176	56.7%	-4.66%
	New Democratic	Denise Harder	3,785	26.3%	+9.67%
	Liberal	Christopher Scott Sarna	1,481	10.3%	-3.67%
	Green	Kate Storey	809	5.6%	-0.91%
	Christian Heritage	Jerome Dondo	160	1.1%	-0.10%
Total valid votes			14,411
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			–	26.9
	Conservative hold

Vaughan

A by-election was held in the Ontario federal riding of Vaughan as Liberal Maurizio Bevilacqua resigned to run successfully for mayor of Vaughan, Ontario.^[58]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on November 29, 2010 resignation of Maurizio Bevilacqua on September 2, 2010
	Conservative	Julian Fantino	19,260	49.1	+14.8
	Liberal	Tony Genco	18,263	46.6	-2.6
	New Democratic	Kevin Bordian	673	1.7	-7.9
	Green	Claudia Rodriguez-Larrain	477	1.2	-5.7
	Libertarian	Paolo Fabrizio	246	0.6
	Progressive Canadian	Dorian Baxter	112	0.3
	Independent	Leslie Bory	110	0.3
	United	Brian Jedan	55	0.1
Total valid votes			39,196
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			–	32.4
	Conservative gain from Liberal

Winnipeg North

A by-election was held in the Manitoba federal riding of Winnipeg North after New Democratic Party MP Judy Wasylycia-Leis resigned to run unsuccessfully for Mayor of Winnipeg. The seat had been vacant for almost seven months by the time of the vote.

With the addition of the Pirate Party candidate Jeff Coleman, the by-election in Winnipeg North marked the first election or by-election to run a member of the Pirate Party outside of Europe.^[59]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on November 29, 2010 resignation of Judy Wasylycia-Leis on April 30, 2010
	Liberal	Kevin Lamoureux	7,303	46.3	+37.08
	New Democratic	Kevin Chief	6,508	41.2	−21.41
	Conservative	Julie Javier	1,645	10.4	−11.95
	Green	John Harvie	114	0.7	−4.05
	Pirate	Jeff Coleman	94	0.6	N/A
	Communist	Frank Komarniski	71	0.4	−0.27
	Christian Heritage	Eric Truijen	45	0.3	N/A
Total valid votes			15,780
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			–	30.8
	Liberal gain from New Democrat

2011

Cancelled by-elections

Until pre-empted by the issuance of writs for the 41st federal election, three federal by-elections were pending in 2011 to fill vacant seats in the House of Commons.

Calgary Centre-North

A by-election call was pending in the Alberta federal riding of Calgary Centre-North, where Conservative MP Jim Prentice announced on November 4, 2010 he was resigning as Environment Minister effective immediately and that he would be resigning as Member of Parliament for Calgary Centre-North by the end of the year to take a job as vice-chairman of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.^[60] Prentice resigned as the Conservative Member of Parliament for Calgary Centre-North on November 14, 2010.^[61] The Prime Minister theoretically had until May 2, 2011 to call a by-election.

Soon after the announcement of Prentice's impending resignation, both Ric McIver and Barb Higgins – the second and third place mayoralty finishers in the 2010 municipal election in Calgary – expressed interest in running for the Conservative Party nomination in Calgary Centre-North.^[62] Current Calgary-Foothills MLA Len Webber and recent aldermanic candidate Sean Chu were also rumored to be testing the waters. Ultimately, university administrator and Calgary—Nose Hill riding president Michelle Rempel was acclaimed as the Conservative candidate on December 17, 2010.^[63]

Former Ontario Liberal MP Robert Nault and former mayor of Calgary Dave Bronconnier were rumored to be seeking the Liberal nomination. However, Liberal leader Michael Ignatieff appointed Stephen Randall – a University of Calgary professor and the former dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences – as the party's candidate on January 6, 2011.^[64]

Heather MacIntosh was nominated to replace Dr. Eric Donovan as the Green Party candidate after winning a three way nomination contest on October 26, 2010.

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on superseded by federal election resignation of Jim Prentice on November 14, 2010
	Conservative	Michelle Rempel	28,443	56.45%	-0.08%
	New Democratic	Paul Vargis	8,030	15.94%	+0.62%
	Liberal	Stephen Randall	7,114	14.12%	+2.35%
	Green	Heather MacIntosh	6,558	13.02%	-2.09%
	Marxist–Leninist	Peggy Askin	209	0.41%	+0.03%
Total valid votes			50,384	100.00%
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			50,384	60.1%

Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia

A by-election was pending in the Quebec federal riding of Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia, where Bloc Québécois MP Jean-Yves Roy resigned on October 22, 2010 as a result of chronic health problems.^[65] The Prime Minister theoretically had until April 20, 2011 to drop the writ for a by-election in that riding.

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on superseded by general election resignation of Jean-Yves Roy on October 22, 2010
	Bloc Québécois	Jean-François Fortin	12,633	36.05	-1.48
	Liberal	Nancy Charest	8,964	25.58	-10.02
	New Democratic	Joanie Boulet	7,484	21.36	+16.67
	Conservative	Allen Cormier	5,253	14.99	-3.08
	Green	Louis Drainville	707	2.02	-1.55
Total valid votes			35,041	100.00
Total rejected ballots			393	1.11	+0.07
Turnout			35,434	59.81	+5.43
Eligible voters			59,242	–

Prince George—Peace River

A by-election was pending in the British Columbia federal riding of Prince George—Peace River due to the resignation of Conservative MP Jay Hill on October 25, 2010. Prime Minister Harper had until April 22, 2011 to call a by-election.^[66]

Notably, in his resignation announcement Hill appeared to suggest that he expected the 41st federal election to be called before a by-election could take place in this riding. He was correct; the Harper government lost a confidence motion on March 25, 2011, triggering an election.^[67]

Persons seeking the Conservative Party nomination were former Prince George mayor Colin Kinsley,^[66]Tumbler Ridge councilor Jerrilyn Schembri, Prince George city councilor Cameron Stolz, Fort St. John councillors Don Irwin and Dan Davies and Conservative riding association CEO Bob Zimmer.^[68] Bob Zimmer was declared the Conservative candidate following a March 11, 2011 nomination meeting in Prince George.^[69]

Hilary Crowley was announced as the Green Party candidate on November 12, 2010.^[70] Former Deputy Premier and Prince George area MLA, Lois Boone as acclaimed as the NDP candidate on November 27, 2010.^[71]

On March 28, 2011, lawyer Ben Levine was nominated as the Liberal candidate.^[72]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
By-election on superseded by general election resignation of Jay Hill on October 25, 2010
	Conservative	Bob Zimmer	23,946	62.12	-1.47
	New Democratic	Lois Boone	9,876	25.62	+8.04
	Green	Hilary Crowley	2,301	5.97	-4.44
	Liberal	Ben Levine	2,008	5.21	-3.20
	Pirate	Jeremy Cote	415	1.08
Total valid votes			38,546	100.00
Total rejected ballots			–
Turnout			–	–

References

^ Bruce Cheadle (March 25, 2011). "Harper government topples on contempt motion, triggering May election". The Canadian Press; CTV news. Retrieved March 26, 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ CBC News (March 25, 2011). "MPs gather for historic vote". CBC. Archived from the original on March 28, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2011.

^ "Canada Votes 2008 - Overall Results". CBC News.

^ Members of the Canadian Senate are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and remain as Senators until the age of 75, even if the House of Commons has been dissolved or an election has been called.

^ André Arthur and Bill Casey.

^ André Arthur

^ Anne Cools, Michael Pitfield, Marcel Prud'homme, Jean-Claude Rivest, Mira Spivak.

^ Anne Cools, Jean-Claude Rivest.

^ Elaine McCoy, Lowell Murray, Norman Atkins

^ Elaine McCoy, Lowell Murray

^ Helena Guergis— CBC News (2010-04-09). "Guergis to sit outside Tory caucus". CBC. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-09.

^ Raymond Lavigne sat as a Liberal, but was not officially part of the Liberal caucus.

^ Lillian Dyck.

^ "NDP MP to seek provincial seat in B.C.". cbc.ca, March 7, 2009.

^ ^a^b^c^d "Conservatives win 2 byelections, 1 at Bloc's expense". cbc.ca, November 10, 2009.

^ Tory MP ejected from caucus after budget vote, CBC.ca, June 5, 2007.

^ "Bloc MP runs for municipal politics". CTV News, June 25, 2009.

^ "NDP’s Judy Wasylycia-Leis calls it quits". The Globe and Mail, April 27, 2010.

^ ^a^b^c "Fantino wins Vaughan for Tories; Liberals take Manitoba by-election". The Globe and Mail, November 30, 2010.

^ Maurizio Bevilacqua moves closer to Vaughan mayor’s seat. The National Post, August 25, 2010.

^ "Inky hopes to make a Mark as mayor again". Winnipeg Free Press, August 17, 2010.

^ "Jean-Yves Roy quitte la politique". Radio-Canada, October 22, 2010.

^ "Hill set to resign on Oct. 25: CP". Prince George Citizen, October 4, 2010.

^ "Prentice resigns seat; earliest byelection Jan. 3. Calgary Herald, November 17, 2010. p. A4

^ "House Government Bill - C-15, First Reading (40-2)". Retrieved December 25, 2016.

^ ^a^b CBC News (December 31, 2009). "PM shuts down Parliament until March". CBC. Retrieved December 31, 2009.

^ Richard J. Brennan (January 2, 2010). "Critics say anger is growing over PM's 'imperial' style". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2010.

^ POV, CBC News (December 30, 2009). "Parliament prorogued: Necessary move or undemocratic?". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2012.

^ "PM 'shutting democracy down', says Easter". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 31, 2009. Archived from the original on January 3, 2010. Retrieved January 1, 2010.

^ "Harper goes prorogue". January 7, 2010. Retrieved December 25, 2016 – via The Economist.

^ "Thousands protest Parliament's suspension". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. January 23, 2010. Archived from the original on January 26, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.

^ Delacourt, Susan; Richard J. Brennan (January 5, 2010). "Grassroots fury greets shuttered Parliament". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on January 8, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2010.

^ "'Famous 5' named honorary senators". CBC News. October 10, 2009.

^ "House of Commons Committees - PROC - ARCHIVE (40-1)". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-27.

^ "House of Commons Committees - PROC (40-1)". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-27.

^ "Senate Committees Homepage". Retrieved December 25, 2016.

^ "Elections Canada". Elections.ca. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

^ "Bill Casey leaving politics for government job", Truro Daily News, April 27, 2009.

^ [1]^{[dead link]}

^ http://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/est-quebec/2009/09/23/002-investiture_genereux.shtml Radio-Canada.ca (in French)

^ http://lepeuplecotesud.canoe.ca/webapp/sitepages/content.asp?contentid=110744&id=841&classif=Nouvelles Archived 2012-07-12 at Archive.is (in French)

^ "Le Parti libéral du Canada (Québec) annonce la candidature de Marcel Catellier à l'élection partielle dans Montmagny - L'Islet - Kamouraska - Rivière-du-Loup". Cnw.ca. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

^ http://www.infodimanche.com/index.asp?s=detail_actualite&ID=132701 (in French)

^ http://punditsguide.ca/ Pundit's Guide

^ Green Party of Canada

^ "Bloc MP runs for municipal politics". CTV News, June 25, 2009.

^ "CBCNews.ca". Cbc.ca. 2009-11-09. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

^ "Day 32: Daniel Paillé « Canadian By-Elections". Canadianbyelections.wordpress.com. 2009-10-09. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

^ https://www.ledevoir.com/2009/08/04/261570.html Le Devoir (in French)

^ http://www.cnw.ca/fr/releases/archive/October2009/06/c4616.html (in French)

^ Campaign Website

^ Green Party of Canada

^ http://www.neorhino.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1036&Itemid=1 Neorhino.ca (in French)

^ ^a^b "Elections Canada". Elections.ca. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

^ "Harper calls 3 by-elections, including Grit stronghold Vaughan", Globe and Mail, October 24, 2010

^ "The Emerging Shape of the By-Election Calendar". Pundits' Guide, October 2010.

^ "Inky hopes to make a Mark as mayor again", Winnipeg Free Press, August 17, 2010

^ "Bevilacqua confirms Vaughan mayoral run", CBC News, September 3, 2010

^ https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2010/11/04/winnipeg_north_first_canadian_battleground_for_pirate_party.html

^ Jim Prentice leaves politics for CIBC. The Globe and Mail, November 4, 2010.

^ "Jim Prentice to resign", Toronto Sun, November 4, 2010

^ "Mayoral hopefuls eye federal run". CTV News, November 5, 2010.

^ "New Tory candidate acclaimed in Prentice's old riding"The Calgary Herald, December 18, 2010.

^ "Liberals pick candidate to fight for Prentice's old seat"The Calgary Herald, January 7, 2011.

^ "Jean-Yves Roy quitte la politique", Radio-Canada, October 22, 2010

^ ^a^b "Kinsley seeks Conservative nod in Prince George-Peace River"^{[permanent dead link]}, Prince George Free News, October 22, 2010

^ Gloria Galloway (December 17, 2011). "Harper government falls in historic Commons showdown". Toronto: The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

^ "Five candidates now in the running for Conservative nomination". energeticcity.ca, October 8, 2010.

^ Williams, Arthur. "Zimmer wins Conservative nomination".The Prince George Citizen, March 12, 2011.

^ "Green Party announces federal candidate for riding". energeticcity.ca, November 12, 2010.

^ "Lois Boone Nabs Candidacy for NDP Prince George-Peace River MP By-election" Archived 2011-07-12 at the Wayback Machine.. hqprincegeorge.com, November 27, 2010.

^ "Local lawyer to represent Liberal Party". Prince George Citizen. 2011-03-29. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

References

External links

[1] Bruce Cheadle (March 25, 2011). "Harper government topples on contempt motion, triggering May election". The Canadian Press; CTV news. Retrieved March 26, 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[2] CBC News (March 25, 2011). "MPs gather for historic vote". CBC. Archived from the original on March 28, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2011.

[3] "Canada Votes 2008 - Overall Results". CBC News.

[4] Members of the Canadian Senate are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and remain as Senators until the age of 75, even if the House of Commons has been dissolved or an election has been called.

[in-5] André Arthur and Bill Casey.

[6] André Arthur

[7] Anne Cools, Michael Pitfield, Marcel Prud'homme, Jean-Claude Rivest, Mira Spivak.

[8] Anne Cools, Jean-Claude Rivest.

[9] Elaine McCoy, Lowell Murray, Norman Atkins

[10] Elaine McCoy, Lowell Murray

[11] Helena Guergis— CBC News (2010-04-09). "Guergis to sit outside Tory caucus". CBC. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-09.

[il-12] Raymond Lavigne sat as a Liberal, but was not officially part of the Liberal caucus.

[13] Lillian Dyck.

[14] "NDP MP to seek provincial seat in B.C.". cbc.ca, March 7, 2009.

[nov09by-15] "Conservatives win 2 byelections, 1 at Bloc's expense". cbc.ca, November 10, 2009.

[16] Tory MP ejected from caucus after budget vote, CBC.ca, June 5, 2007.

[17] "Bloc MP runs for municipal politics". CTV News, June 25, 2009.

[18] "NDP’s Judy Wasylycia-Leis calls it quits". The Globe and Mail, April 27, 2010.

[nov10by-19] "Fantino wins Vaughan for Tories; Liberals take Manitoba by-election". The Globe and Mail, November 30, 2010.

[20] Maurizio Bevilacqua moves closer to Vaughan mayor’s seat. The National Post, August 25, 2010.

[21] "Inky hopes to make a Mark as mayor again". Winnipeg Free Press, August 17, 2010.

[22] "Jean-Yves Roy quitte la politique". Radio-Canada, October 22, 2010.

[23] "Hill set to resign on Oct. 25: CP". Prince George Citizen, October 4, 2010.

[24] "Prentice resigns seat; earliest byelection Jan. 3. Calgary Herald, November 17, 2010. p. A4

[25] "House Government Bill - C-15, First Reading (40-2)". Retrieved December 25, 2016.

[PM_shuts_down_Parliament_until_March-26] CBC News (December 31, 2009). "PM shuts down Parliament until March". CBC. Retrieved December 31, 2009.

[Brennan-27] Richard J. Brennan (January 2, 2010). "Critics say anger is growing over PM's 'imperial' style". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2010.

[28] POV, CBC News (December 30, 2009). "Parliament prorogued: Necessary move or undemocratic?". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2012.

[29] "PM 'shutting democracy down', says Easter". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 31, 2009. Archived from the original on January 3, 2010. Retrieved January 1, 2010.

[30] "Harper goes prorogue". January 7, 2010. Retrieved December 25, 2016 – via The Economist.

[31] "Thousands protest Parliament's suspension". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. January 23, 2010. Archived from the original on January 26, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.

[32] Delacourt, Susan; Richard J. Brennan (January 5, 2010). "Grassroots fury greets shuttered Parliament". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on January 8, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2010.

[honor-33] "'Famous 5' named honorary senators". CBC News. October 10, 2009.

[34] "House of Commons Committees - PROC - ARCHIVE (40-1)". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-27.

[35] "House of Commons Committees - PROC (40-1)". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-27.

[36] "Senate Committees Homepage". Retrieved December 25, 2016.

[37] "Elections Canada". Elections.ca. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

[38] "Bill Casey leaving politics for government job", Truro Daily News, April 27, 2009.

[39] [1]^{[dead link]}

[40] ttp://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/est-quebec/2009/09/23/002-investiture_genereux.shtml Radio-Canada.ca (in French)

[41] ttp://lepeuplecotesud.canoe.ca/webapp/sitepages/content.asp?contentid=110744&id=841&classif=Nouvelles Archived 2012-07-12 at Archive.is (in French)

[42] "Le Parti libéral du Canada (Québec) annonce la candidature de Marcel Catellier à l'élection partielle dans Montmagny - L'Islet - Kamouraska - Rivière-du-Loup". Cnw.ca. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

[43] ttp://www.infodimanche.com/index.asp?s=detail_actualite&ID=132701 (in French)

[44] ttp://punditsguide.ca/ Pundit's Guide

[45] Green Party of Canada

[46] "Bloc MP runs for municipal politics". CTV News, June 25, 2009.

[47] "CBCNews.ca". Cbc.ca. 2009-11-09. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

[48] "Day 32: Daniel Paillé « Canadian By-Elections". Canadianbyelections.wordpress.com. 2009-10-09. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

[49] ttps://www.ledevoir.com/2009/08/04/261570.html Le Devoir (in French)

[50] ttp://www.cnw.ca/fr/releases/archive/October2009/06/c4616.html (in French)

[51] Campaign Website

[52] Green Party of Canada

[53] ttp://www.neorhino.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1036&Itemid=1 Neorhino.ca (in French)

[elections.ca-54] "Elections Canada". Elections.ca. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

[call-55] "Harper calls 3 by-elections, including Grit stronghold Vaughan", Globe and Mail, October 24, 2010

[pundits-56] "The Emerging Shape of the By-Election Calendar". Pundits' Guide, October 2010.

[57] "Inky hopes to make a Mark as mayor again", Winnipeg Free Press, August 17, 2010

[mayo-58] "Bevilacqua confirms Vaughan mayoral run", CBC News, September 3, 2010

[59] ttps://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2010/11/04/winnipeg_north_first_canadian_battleground_for_pirate_party.html

[60] Jim Prentice leaves politics for CIBC. The Globe and Mail, November 4, 2010.

[61] "Jim Prentice to resign", Toronto Sun, November 4, 2010

[62] "Mayoral hopefuls eye federal run". CTV News, November 5, 2010.

[63] "New Tory candidate acclaimed in Prentice's old riding"The Calgary Herald, December 18, 2010.

[64] "Liberals pick candidate to fight for Prentice's old seat"The Calgary Herald, January 7, 2011.

[65] "Jean-Yves Roy quitte la politique", Radio-Canada, October 22, 2010

[pg-66] "Kinsley seeks Conservative nod in Prince George-Peace River"^{[permanent dead link]}, Prince George Free News, October 22, 2010

[67] Gloria Galloway (December 17, 2011). "Harper government falls in historic Commons showdown". Toronto: The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

[68] "Five candidates now in the running for Conservative nomination". energeticcity.ca, October 8, 2010.

[69] Williams, Arthur. "Zimmer wins Conservative nomination".The Prince George Citizen, March 12, 2011.

[70] "Green Party announces federal candidate for riding". energeticcity.ca, November 12, 2010.

[71] "Lois Boone Nabs Candidacy for NDP Prince George-Peace River MP By-election" Archived 2011-07-12 at the Wayback Machine.. hqprincegeorge.com, November 27, 2010.

[72] "Local lawyer to represent Liberal Party". Prince George Citizen. 2011-03-29. Retrieved 2012-06-13.

v t e .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada th,.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-subgroup,.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-evenbackground-color:white.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-list .collapsible .navbox-titlebox-shadow:inset 1px 1px 0 #C00,inset -1px -1px 0 #C00.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada-abox-shadow:inset 1px 1px 0 #C00,inset -1px -1px 0 #C00.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada-tbox-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 0 #C00.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada-bbox-shadow:inset 0 -1px 0 0 #C00.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada-tbbox-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 0 #C00,inset 0 -1px 0 0 #C00 Canadian federal elections and referendums
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v t e ← Canadian federal election, 2008 →
*_Result:_Conservative_minority"> Outgoing: Conservative minority Result: Conservative minority
Bloc Québécois (Gilles Duceppe, candidates) Canadian Action (Connie Fogal) Christian Heritage (Ron Gray, candidates) Communist (Miguel Figueroa, candidates) Conservative (Stephen Harper, candidates) Green (Elizabeth May, candidates) Independent candidates Liberal (Stéphane Dion, candidates) Libertarian (Dennis Young, candidates) Marijuana (Blair Longley, candidates) Marxist–Leninist (Anna Di Carlo) New Democrats (Jack Layton, candidates) Progressive Canadian (Sinclair Stevens) Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons.
Results Results by Riding Newspaper Endorsements Opinion Polling Timeline Scandalpedia Anything But Conservative

v t e ← Canadian federal election, 2011 →
*_Result:_Conservative_majority"> Outgoing: Conservative minority Result: Conservative majority
Animal Alliance (Liz White, candidates) Bloc Québécois (Gilles Duceppe, candidates) Christian Heritage (James Hnatiuk, candidates) Communist (Miguel Figueroa, candidates) Conservative (Stephen Harper, candidates) Green (Elizabeth May, candidates) Independent candidates Liberal (Michael Ignatieff, candidates) Libertarian (Dennis Young, candidates) Marxist–Leninist (Anna Di Carlo, candidates) New Democrats (Jack Layton, candidates) Rhinoceros (François Gourd, candidates) Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons.
Results Results by riding Newspaper endorsements Opinion polling (by constituency) Controversies Timeline

40th Canadian Parliament

Contents

Party standings

Resignations and by-elections

1st session and prorogation

2nd Session and prorogation

Senate appointments

Honorary Senators

Members

Committees

House

Senate

Joint Committees

Officeholders

Speakers

Other Chair occupants

Leaders

Floor leaders

Whips

Shadow cabinets

By-elections

Overview

2009

New Westminster—Coquitlam

Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley

Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup

Hochelaga

2010

Background

Timing

Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette

Vaughan

Winnipeg North

2011

Cancelled by-elections

Calgary Centre-North

Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia

Prince George—Peace River

See also

References

References

External links

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