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John Lewis & Partners

Type	Public limited company
Industry	Retail
Founded	1864; 154 years ago (1864)
Founder	John Lewis
Headquarters	London, SW United Kingdom
Number of locations	51 stores- incl. Swindon Home Outlet (2018)[1]
Area served	United Kingdom
Key people	Paula Nickolds (Managing Director) Bérangère Michel (Finance Director)
Revenue	£3.78 billion (2017)[1]
Operating income	£243.2 million (2017)[1]
Number of employees	38,100 (2017)[2]
Parent	John Lewis Partnership
Website	www.johnlewis.com

John Lewis & Partners is a chain of high-end department stores operating throughout the United Kingdom. Concessions are also located in the Republic of Ireland and Australia.

The chain is owned by the John Lewis Partnership, which was created by Spedan Lewis, son of the founder, John Lewis, in 1929. The first John Lewis store was opened in 1864 in Oxford Street, London. The chain has promised since 1925 that it is "never knowingly undersold", a phrase used as a slogan—it will always at least match a lower price offered by a "national high street competitor".^[3][4]

There are 51 stores throughout England, Scotland and Wales, including 12 "At Home" stores, and "flexible format" stores in Exeter, York and Chelmsford.

The first John Lewis concession in the Republic of Ireland opened in Dublin in October 2016 where a limited supply of John Lewis products are available at Irish department store Arnotts. The first Australian John Lewis concession opened in New South Wales, Australia in November 2016.^{[citation needed]}

On 1 January 2008, the Oxford Street store was awarded a Royal Warrant from Queen Elizabeth II as: "suppliers of haberdashery and household goods".^[5]John Lewis & Partners Reading is also the holder of a Royal Warrant from the Queen in 2007 as suppliers of household and fancy goods.^[6]

John Lewis & Partners store in Liverpool.

The John Lewis & Partners Christmas advert was first launched in 2007 and it has since become something of an annual tradition in British culture,^[7][8] and one of the signals that the countdown to Christmas has begun in the UK.^[9][10][11]

History

Early history

The flagship store on Oxford Street began as a drapery shop, opened by John Lewis in 1864. In 1905 Lewis acquired a second store, Peter Jones in Sloane Square, London. His eldest son, John Spedan Lewis, began the John Lewis Partnership in 1920 after thinking up the idea during his days in charge of Peter Jones. John Spedan Lewis also thought up the idea of the Gazette, the partnership's in-house magazine, first published in 1918.

John Lewis Oxford Street store damaged during The Blitz, 1940

In 1933 the partnership purchased its first store outside London, the long established Jessop & Son in Nottingham. Jessops only rebranded itself as John Lewis on 27 October 2002. In 1940 the partnership bought Selfridge Provincial Stores. This group of sixteen suburban and provincial department stores included Cole Brothers, Sheffield; George Henry Lee, Liverpool; Robert Sayle, Cambridge; and Trewin Brothers, Watford; all of which continue to trade today but are now re-branded as John Lewis & Partners.

In 1949, it was reported that London branches included Peter Jones, John Barnes (now a branch of Waitrose & Partners), John Pound and Bon Marche. The "provincial branches" were Robert Sayle, of Cambridge and Peterborough, Tyrrell & Green, of Southampton and Lance & Lance of Weston-super-Mare. They also had "silk shops" at Edinburgh, Hull and Newcastle upon Tyne.^[12]

In 1953 the renowned Reading department store Heelas became part of the John Lewis group and remained named as such until 2001 when it adopted the John Lewis name. Also in 1953 the partnership bought Herbert Parkinson, a textile manufacturer, a business which still makes duvets, pillows and furnishings for John Lewis.^[13]

History since 1972

John Lewis store in Cardiff.

The first John Lewis store constructed as part of a shopping centre was the relocated Jessops, in Nottingham, which has been in the Victoria Centre since it opened in 1972. The announcement of an anchor tenant such as John Lewis contributes to the certainty of developers' proposals, and so attracts other retailers to the area.

Before the relaxation of UK Sunday trading laws in 1994, John Lewis stores closed on Mondays to allow staff a full two-day "weekend".

The John Lewis Partnership were the first department store group in the UK to adopt central buying, launching the 'Jonell(e)' name for own-brand merchandise in 1937. That brand name has gradually been replaced with the 'John Lewis' name since 2001. Additional own brands include Collection by John Lewis as well as John Lewis & Co. and Collection Weekend by John Lewis. Several Waitrose own-brand products, such as cleaning materials and party stationery, are also available from John Lewis.

Many stores acquired by the Partnership retained their original names for many years, including Tyrrell & Green in Southampton until 2000,^[14]Bonds in Norwich until 2001, Trewins in Watford until 2001, Jessops in Nottingham (its first store outside London) until 2002,^[15]Bainbridge's in Newcastle until 2002, Robert Sayle in Cambridge^[16] and Cole Brothers in Sheffield until 2002. All have now been rebranded John Lewis, with the exception of Peter Jones in south west London and Knight & Lee in Southsea.

Investment has been made across the group in the twentyfirst century. This has included the renovation of Peter Jones at a cost of £107 million, completed in 2004.^[17] The original Oxford Street shop is still the flagship and largest branch in the partnership. A complete refurbishment of the building was completed in late 2007 at a cost of £60 million. This introduced the new 'Place To Eat' restaurant and a brasserie and bistro in the store. A 'John Lewis Food Hall from Waitrose' opened in the shop's basement on 3 October 2007. A second Food Hall opened at the John Lewis Bluewater store on 6 August 2009.

On 4 September 2018, John Lewis underwent a major rebrand to become John Lewis & Partners; a brand which better reflects their business model. Waitrose underwent a similar rebrand.^[18]

In October 2018, recruitment website Indeed named John Lewis & Partners as the UK's eighth best private sector employer.^[19] based on millions of employee ratings and reviews.^[20]

Stores

Department stores

The first branch of John Lewis in Leeds (opened in October 2016) under construction in 2015.

As of October 2018, the John Lewis Partnership operated 52 John Lewis stores throughout Great Britain.^[21] The Oxford Street store, originally opened in 1864 (rebuilt in 1953 following significant bomb damage in World War II), is the largest operated by the Partnership. 35 of the stores are traditional department stores and 12 are 'John Lewis at home' stores.

John Lewis at home

In 2009, John Lewis announced a new format of "John Lewis at home" stores, the first of which opened in Poole in October 2009. The "at home" stores are located within pre-existing shopping regions, and focus on Electrical, Home and Technology products.
The store in Poole opened on 22 October 2009 at the former Courts site at the Commerce Centre retail park in Branksome.
Following the early success of the Poole "at home" store, five further "at homes" opened in 2010/11 in areas outside of the catchment of the traditional John Lewis stores, including Croydon, Tunbridge Wells, Tamworth, Chester and Swindon. Further stores in Newbury and Chichester, West Sussex, opened in Spring 2012, with Ipswich following in November 2012.^[22] On Thursday 17 June 2015, a new John Lewis at Home store opened in Horsham, West Sussex along with a branch of Waitrose that relocated from the town centre.^[23]

Airport store

In the summer of 2014, John Lewis opened a small store airside in the newly rebuilt Terminal 2 at London Heathrow Airport.
^[24][25]

Australia and Republic of Ireland

In spring 2016, John Lewis confirmed it planned to enter the Irish market with a concession based in Arnotts Dublin store on Graffton Street. John Lewis opened in October 2016 with a limited number of John Lewis branded home furnishings.

By February 2017, John Lewis had opened five shop-in-shop branches in Myer department stores in Australia.^[26][27] The merchandise focus is on homewares. Manchester (as bedding, linens and towels are called in Australia) is manufactured to Australian bed sizes.

Twenty first century

In June 2004, John Lewis announced plans to open its first store in Northern Ireland at the Sprucefield Park development, the province's largest out of town shopping centre, located outside Lisburn and 10 miles (16 km) from Belfast. The application was approved in June 2005 and the opening of the new store was scheduled for 2008. This decision was disputed, and was taken to the High Court, where it was reversed.

In 2008, a controversy over the declaration of expenses by UK members of parliament revealed that Parliamentary authorities were using information from John Lewis – the "John Lewis list" – as a guide to the maximum costs refundable to MPs when equipping London pieds à terre at public expense.

The first John Lewis store in Birmingham opened in 2015

On 6 November 2008, it was announced that John Lewis would open their first department store outside the UK in Dublin, Ireland. Subject to planning permission, the shop will be built on O'Connell Street. The centre is being developed by Chartered Land and will be part of the largest retail centre in Ireland. As of January 2014 the €1.2 billion development is on hold and John Lewis are still seeking a location in Northern Ireland for a Flagship department store.^[28]

Westfield Stratford City

The Cardiff store opened in September 2009 as part of the Phase 2 development of St David's Centre. The Cardiff branch is also the Partnership's only department store in Wales.^[29][30]Stratford opened in 2011 together with a new Waitrose supermarket. The new shops will anchor the Westfield Stratford City development alongside the Olympic Park in east London.

In February 2011, it was announced that John Lewis was appointed as the Official Department Store provider for the London 2012 Olympic Games. As part of the deal, John Lewis stores became key retail outlets for official London 2012 merchandise.^[31]

Also in February 2011, John Lewis announced it is to open a 250,000-square-foot (23,000 m²) department store in Birmingham city centre in 2014. The completion date of 2014 was pushed back to Autumn 2015 due to complications regarding the construction of the centre, including issues relating to car parks and taxi ranks. With the Grand Central leasing director Keith Stone stating the date was pushed back to ensure a better customer experience.^[32] The store opened on 24 September 2015 and is the flagship store for the £100 million development and part of the new Grand Central shopping centre built on the south side of a redeveloped Birmingham New Street railway station.

In November 2011, it was announced that John Lewis had shelved plans for a new store in Preston, Lancashire as part of the Tithebarn Project. The economic climate was cited as a key factor in their decision.^[33]

Leeds John Lewis at Victoria Gate

It was announced that John Lewis would be the anchor tenant of a new development scheme in Leeds. The Eastgate Quarters scheme was approved in July 2011, since renamed Victoria Gate the site guides shoppers from central Leeds to John Lewis via a luxury arcade continuing (over Vicar Lane) from the existing Victoria Quarter. John Lewis had been looking for a site in Leeds for a while, even considering the Headingley cricket ground, and are happy they are at long last filling a major regional gap.^[34] The facade of the Leeds department store references the diagonal lines of the John Lewis motif.

In 2014 John Lewis announced their intention to anchor a £1bn extension of the Westfield London shopping centre in Shepherd's Bush, west London.^[35][36]. The store (number 50) opened in March 2018.

A new store in Cheltenham is planned to be opened in Autumn 2018.

John Lewis has been reported to be looking at location possibilities for a department store in Guildford, Surrey. It is also thought that the retailer is finally in talks to open a store in central Manchester as part of the Ramada development.

John Lewis started a trial in 2013 product-labelling the lifetime electricity costs on the household goods.^[37] John Lewis opened a store as the showpiece of the Bond Street retail development in the cathedral city of Chelmsford, Essex in 2016. In October 2017, the remodelled and extended Westgate Shopping Centre reopened in the medieval university city of Oxford, with a large John Lewis is the development's anchor store.

In November 2016, John Lewis initiated their internal resource-led ‘Project ā’ to increase profitability across several product ranges. Currently the project efforts are focused on their Baby & Child range.

In 2018 John Lewis announced that its profits (including Waitrose) for the six months to 28 July dropped 99% from the previous year, to £1.2m, and warned that full-year profits would be substantially lower. The company said that the drop was due to lower margins as "This year there has been twice as many extravaganza days as there were a year ago and actually the discounts have been even deeper. ...We're never knowingly undersold at John Lewis, so of course we are matching that, and that affects margins." Not being undersold was an "extremely valuable" promise.^[4] The drop in profits was reported to be "sparking concerns it could be the next high street retailer faced with closure", following the closure of many British retail chains.^[38]

Visual identity

John Lewis graphic identity, 1990

The John Lewis logo between 2000-2018

The new John Lewis & Partners logo from the 2018 rebrand

The graphic identity, which has at its core the distinctive diagonal motif, was created in 1990 by John Lloyd and Jim Northover of the British design consultancy, Lloyd Northover. In 2000, it was given a minor refresh by London design consultancy Pentagram.^[39]

Lines at Leeds John Lewis

The line motif appears to be reflected in the façade of the Leeds store.

Christmas advertising

Since 2007 John Lewis has become known for producing memorable Christmas television adverts, which have gained heavy exposure on social media.^[40][41] Some of the more prominent campaigns are The Bear and the Hare, Monty's Christmas and Man on the Moon.^[41] The adverts, which typically rely on emotional content have become something of an annual tradition in the UK^[42] and the music used in the campaigns has reached high positions in the UK Singles Chart.^[43]

Future developments

In July 2011, John Lewis announced that it would be opening 10 new stores under a new smaller format in city centre locations over the next five years. The new smaller format department stores will hold John Lewis's core lines of Home, Electrical and Fashions, all tailored to the local area. However, the full line will still be available through online terminals within the store, as well as the "click and collect" service already available within other branches. With the first branch opening in Exeter on 12 October 2012, Andrea O'Donnell, commercial director, said the move would help John Lewis double its turnover from £3bn ($4.89bn) to £6bn over the next 10 years^[44]

John Lewis retain long-held plans to open a department store in Manchester city centre ever since the regeneration of the city centre following the 1996 Manchester bombing, but had not found a suitable site as of 2012.^[45] They have countered the lack of city centre store by opening two large stores in Greater Manchester: Cheadle in 2000 and the Trafford Centre in 2005.^[46]

In September 2015 John Lewis purchased the building 129-133 North Street, Brighton occupied by Boots and other shops.^[47]

Cancelled plans

In September 2016 John Lewis unveiled its plans for the Brighton store which was expected to open in late 2018, but plans for the store were scrapped in May 2017.^[48]

Plans have been circulating since the early 2000s for a new large store in Sheffield to replace the current store. The new store was to be included within the Sevenstone development, which has since been cancelled. A new store may however be constructed as part of the Sheffield Retail Quarter, scheduled to be completed by 2022. As of August 2017^[update] these plans had not been confirmed.

Current department stores

All stores go under ‘John Lewis’ unless stated otherwise.

• 
  Aberdeen (Opened 1989)


• 
  Birmingham (Opened 2015)


• 
  Greenhithe, Bluewater (Opened 1999)


• 
  Brent Cross (Opened 1976)


• 
  Bristol, Cribbs Causeway (Opened 1981)


• 
  Cardiff (Opened 2009)


• 
  Cambridge (acquired 1940 but demolished and redeveloped 2004-2007; previously Robert Sayle)


• 
  Cheadle (Opened 2000)


• 
  Chelmsford (Opened 2016)


• 
  Cheltenham (Opened 2018)


• 
  Edinburgh (Opened 1973)


• 
  Exeter (Opened 2012)


• 
  Glasgow (Opened 1999)


• 
  High Wycombe (Opened 1988)


• 
  Kingston-Upon-Thames (Opened 1990)


• 
  Leeds (Opened 2016)


• 
  Leicester (Opened 2008)


• 
  Liverpool (Opened 2008 in current location;originally George Henry Lee; acquired 1940)


• 
  London,Oxford Street (Opened 1864)


• 
  London,Sloane Square (Trades as Peter Jones) (Acquired 1905)


• 
  London,Westfield Stratford (Opened 2011)


• 
  London,Westfield White City (Opened 2018)


• 
  Milton Keynes (Opened 1979)


• 
  Trafford Centre, Manchester (Opened 2005)


• 
  Newcastle upon Tyne (opened 1976 in current location; originally Bainbridge’s; acquired 1952)


• 
  Norwich (originally Bonds of Norwich: acquired 1982)


• 
  Nottingham (Opened 1972 in current location;originally Jessops and Sons; acquired 1933)


• 
  Oxford (Opened 2017)


• 
  Peterborough (Opened 1982)


• 
  Reading (originally Heelas, acquired 1953)


• 
  Sheffield (Opened 1963 in current location; originally Cole Brothers; acquired 1940)


• 
  Solihull (Opened 2001)


• 
  Southampton (Opened 2000 in current location; originally Tyrrell & Green; acquired 1934)


• 
  Southsea (Trades as Knight and Lee)(acquired 1933)


• 
  Watford (originally Trewins Brothers; acquired 1940)


• 
  Welwyn (originally Welwyn Department Store, acquired 1983; opened 1984)


• 
  York (Opened 2014)

At Home Stores

• 
  Basingstoke (Opened 2015)


• 
  Chester(Opened 2011)


• 
  Chichester (Opened 2012)


• 
  Croydon(Opened 2010)


• 
  Horsham (Opened 2015)


• 
  Ipswich (Opened 2012)


• 
  Newbury (Opened 2012)


• 
  Poole (Opened 2009)


• 
  Swindon(Opened 2010)


• 
  Tamworth(Opened 2011)


• 
  Tunbridge Wells(Opened 2011)

Other Formats

• 
  Swindon (Outlet)(Opened 2007)


• 
  Hounslow (Heathrow Airport Terminal 2)(Opened 2014)


• 
  St Pancreas(Station)(Opened 2014)

Former department stores

Pratts, Streatham

• 
  John Barnes, Finchley Road, London – closed 1981, building now occupied by Waitrose (the supermarket division of the John Lewis Partnership), including the Waitrose Cookery School


• Blinkhorn & Son, Gloucester – sold 1953 to Woolworths


• Blinkhorn & Son, Stroud – sold 1953 to Woolworths


• Bon Marché, Brixton, London – closed 1975


• Bon Marché, Tunbridge Wells – sold 1953


• Buckleys, Harrogate – sold 1953 to Busbys of Bradford


• A H Bull, Reading – incorporated into Heelas & Co. Premises sold 1953 to Littlewoods chain stores


• 
  Caleys, Windsor – closed 2006


• Daniel Neal, Portman Square, London – closed 1963


• Daniel Neal, Kensington, London – closed 1964


• Daniel Neal, Bournemouth – closed 1977


• Daniel Neal, Cheltenham – closed 1977


• Holdrons, Peckham, London – sold 1948


• Jones Brothers, Holloway Road, London – closed 1990, part of Jones Brothers site now occupied by Waitrose


• Lance & Lance, Weston-Super-Mare – closed 1956


• 
  Pratts, Streatham, London – closed 1990


• Quin & Axten, Brixton, London – sold 1949


• Robert Sayle Peterborough (formerly Thomsons), Peterborough – closed 1956


• Vinalls, Eastbourne – sold 1953 to McCartney Stewart

The only remaining stores of the sixteen the John Lewis Partnership acquired from Selfridge Provincial Stores are thus those in Sheffield, Liverpool, Cambridge and Watford (all of which have been relocated to new buildings and rebranded as 'John Lewis' since acquisition).

References

External links

• Official website


• 
  Media related to John Lewis & Partners at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 51°29′49″N 0°08′40″W / 51.497°N 0.14434°W / 51.497; -0.14434