Chromodorididae
| Chromodorididae | |
|---|---|
 | |
Glossodoris atromarginata | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Nudipleura clade Nudibranchia |
| Superfamily: | Doridoidea |
| Family: | Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 |
Type genus | |
| Chromodoris | |
| Genera | |
See text. | |
Synonyms[2] | |
| |
The Chromodorididae, or chromodorids, are a taxonomic family of colorful, sea slugs; dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea.[1] “Chromodorid nudibranchs are among the most gorgeously colored of all animals.”[3] The over 360 described species are primarily found in tropical and subtropical waters, as members of coral reef communities, specifically associated with their sponge prey. The chromodorids are the most speciose family of opisthobranchs.[4] They range in size from <1mm to over 30 cm, although most species are approximately 2–3 cm in size.[5][2]
Although, they have a worldwide distribution, most species are found in the Indo-Pacific region. A scientific paper published in 2007, found the most widespread chromodorid genera, (Mexichromis, Chromodoris, Glossodoris and Hypselodoris) to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.[6]
The family Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891 has been considered a synonym of the Chromodorididae."[7] Research by R.F. Johnson in 2011 [8] has shown that Cadlina does not belong to the family Chromodorididae. She has therefore brought back the name Cadlinidae from synonymy with Chromodorididae. The chromodorid nudibranchs without Cadlina are now monophyletic and turn out to be a possible sister to the family Actinocyclidae. Cadlina and Aldisa are the only two genera currently classified in the Cadlinidae.
A comprehensive phylogeny of the chromodorid nudibranchs found every one of the 14 traditional chromodorid genera were either non-monophyletic, or rendered another genus paraphyletic. Additionally, both the monotypic genera Verconia and Diversidoris are nested within clades. The authors presented a new classification of the chromodorid nudibranchs, which used molecular data to untangle evolutionary relationships and at the same time retains a historical connection to traditional systematics by using generic names attached to type species as clade names.[4] All Chromodorid nudibranchs feed on sponges.[9]
Genera
Genera within the family Chromodorididae include:[2]
Ardeadoris Rudman, 1984
Berlanguella Ortea, Bacallado & Valdés, 1992 (although this has not been properly investigated)
Cadlinella Thiele, 1931
Ceratosoma J. E. Gray and M. E. Gray, 1850
Chromodoris Alder and Hacock, 1855 - the type genus
Diversidoris Rudman, 1987
Doriprismatica d'Orbigny, 1839
Felimare Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967
Felimida Marcus, 1971
Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
Goniobranchus Pease, 1866
Hypselodoris Stimpson, 1855
Mexichromis Bertsch, 1977
Miamira Bergh, 1874
Thorunna Bergh, 1878
Tyrinna Bergh, 1898
Verconia Pruvot-Fol, 1931 - synonym: Noumea Risbec, 1928
- Genera brought into synonymy
Actinodoris Ehrenberg, 1831 : synonym of Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855
Babaina Odhner in Franc, 1968 : synonym of Thorunna Bergh, 1878
Casella H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
Chromolaichma Bertsch, 1977 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
Crepidodoris Pagenstecher, 1877 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
Digidentis Rudman, 1984 : synonym of Thorunna
Durvilledoris Rudman, 1984 : synonym of Mexichromis
Jeanrisbecia Franc, 1968 : synonym of Risbecia Odhner, 1934 synonym of Hypselodoris Stimpson, 1855
Lissodoris Odhner, 1934 : synonym of Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855
Orodoris Bergh, 1875 : synonym of Ceratosoma Gray, 1850
Pectenodoris Rudman, 1984 : synonym of Mexichromis
Pterodoris Ehrenberg, 1831 : synonym of Hypselodoris Stimpson, 1855
Risbecia Odhner, 1934 : synonym of Hypselodoris
Rosodoris Pruvot-Fol, 1954 : synonym of Glossodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
Ardeadoris cruenta
Ceratosoma tenue
Chromodoris magnifica
Diversidoris crocea
Doriprismatica atromarginata
Felimare cantabrica
Felimida krohni
Glossodoris cincta
Goniobranchus geminus
Hypselodoris infucata
Mexichromis multituberculata
Verconia norba
Thorunna australis
References
^ ab Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ abc WoRMS. "Chromodorididae". World Register of Marine Species.
^ Edmunds, M (1981). "Opishtobranchiate Mollusca from Ghana: Chromodorididae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society". 71: 175–201.: “Chromodorid nudibranchs are among the most gorgeously colored of all animals.”
^ ab Johnson, R.F.; Gosliner, T.M. (2012). "Traditional taxonomic groupings mask evolutionary history: A molecular phylogeny and new classification of the chromodorid nudibranchs". PLoS ONE. 7 (4): e33479. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033479.
^ Gosliner, T.M.; Behrens, D.W.; Valdes, A. (2008). Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs: A field guide to the World's most diverse fauna. Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences.
^ Turner, LM; Wilson, NG (2008). "Polyphyly across oceans: a molecular phylogeny of the Chromodorididae (Mollusca, Nudibranchia)". Zoologica Scripta. 37: 23–42. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00310.x.
^ Rudman, W.B. (June 1984). "The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: a review of the genera". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 81 (2/3): 115–273. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1984.tb01174.x.
^ Johnson, R.F. (2011). "Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda)". Zoologica Scripta. 40 (2): 137–157. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00457.x.
^ Rudman, W.B., 2007 (Jul 21) Review of chromodorid feeding. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
External links
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