How to open a specific application like macOS `open -a`?
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On macOS in the default Terminal running bash, I can type open -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org to open a URL with Firefox, or another browser. It also works to launch a program, e.g. open -a maps, and to open a file in the default program, e.g. open file.pdf.
How can I do the same on Ubuntu in the default GNOME Terminal also running bash? I know that I can open a file or URL with xdg-open /path/to/file, and I can open the default browser with sensible-browser. Does Ubuntu have a general command to open files, applications, or files in specific applications?
I am running bash on both machines, 3.2.57(1)-release on macOS and 4.4.19(1)-release on Ubuntu.
command-line
edited Oct 5 at 1:26
muru
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asked Oct 4 at 11:11
mmorin
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show 2 more comments
up vote
11
down vote
favorite
On macOS in the default Terminal running bash, I can type open -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org to open a URL with Firefox, or another browser. It also works to launch a program, e.g. open -a maps, and to open a file in the default program, e.g. open file.pdf.
How can I do the same on Ubuntu in the default GNOME Terminal also running bash? I know that I can open a file or URL with xdg-open /path/to/file, and I can open the default browser with sensible-browser. Does Ubuntu have a general command to open files, applications, or files in specific applications?
I am running bash on both machines, 3.2.57(1)-release on macOS and 4.4.19(1)-release on Ubuntu.
command-line
edited Oct 5 at 1:26
muru
131k19276473
asked Oct 4 at 11:11
mmorin
1646
New contributor
mmorin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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I've never used a Mac, so can you tell me why you'd useopen -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org? Can't you dofirefox http://www.wikipedia.org? It seems like a useless feature ofopen, when opening programs is the very point ofbash.
– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:26
1
Bash on macOS works differently, e.g. your command gives the errorbash: firefox: command not found. Same error withFirefoxas program name.
– mmorin
Oct 4 at 16:36
3
bashworks exactly the same; it's Firefox that is installed differently than it is on Ubuntu. On macOS, you could, for instance, run/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-binfrom the command line.Firefox.appis a special kind of folder that contains not just the executable, but files that in Linux might be scattered about in various/usr/bin/,/usr/lib,/etc, etc. directories. The Finder knows how to run the actual application when you, for instance, double-click onFirefox.app.openis a way to "run" the special folder from the command line.
– chepner
Oct 4 at 18:53
4
It's not thatbashworks differently: firefox is installed as an OS X application (Firefox.app) and is not on the regular PATH. Another reason to useopen -ais that it properly backgrounds the application it launches, instead of waiting on it until it exits.
– alexis
Oct 4 at 18:54
askubuntu.com/a/15356&
– Dev
Oct 4 at 20:00
 |Â
show 2 more comments
up vote
11
down vote
favorite
up vote
11
down vote
favorite
On macOS in the default Terminal running bash, I can type open -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org to open a URL with Firefox, or another browser. It also works to launch a program, e.g. open -a maps, and to open a file in the default program, e.g. open file.pdf.
How can I do the same on Ubuntu in the default GNOME Terminal also running bash? I know that I can open a file or URL with xdg-open /path/to/file, and I can open the default browser with sensible-browser. Does Ubuntu have a general command to open files, applications, or files in specific applications?
I am running bash on both machines, 3.2.57(1)-release on macOS and 4.4.19(1)-release on Ubuntu.
command-line
edited Oct 5 at 1:26
muru
131k19276473
asked Oct 4 at 11:11
mmorin
1646
New contributor
mmorin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
On macOS in the default Terminal running bash, I can type open -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org to open a URL with Firefox, or another browser. It also works to launch a program, e.g. open -a maps, and to open a file in the default program, e.g. open file.pdf.
How can I do the same on Ubuntu in the default GNOME Terminal also running bash? I know that I can open a file or URL with xdg-open /path/to/file, and I can open the default browser with sensible-browser. Does Ubuntu have a general command to open files, applications, or files in specific applications?
I am running bash on both machines, 3.2.57(1)-release on macOS and 4.4.19(1)-release on Ubuntu.
command-line
command-line
edited Oct 5 at 1:26
muru
131k19276473
asked Oct 4 at 11:11
mmorin
1646
New contributor
mmorin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited Oct 5 at 1:26
muru
131k19276473
asked Oct 4 at 11:11
mmorin
1646
New contributor
mmorin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited Oct 5 at 1:26
muru
131k19276473
edited Oct 5 at 1:26
muru
131k19276473
edited Oct 5 at 1:26
muru
131k19276473
131k19276473
asked Oct 4 at 11:11
mmorin
1646
New contributor
mmorin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
asked Oct 4 at 11:11
mmorin
1646
asked Oct 4 at 11:11
mmorin
1646
1646
New contributor
mmorin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
mmorin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
mmorin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
I've never used a Mac, so can you tell me why you'd useopen -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org? Can't you dofirefox http://www.wikipedia.org? It seems like a useless feature ofopen, when opening programs is the very point ofbash.
– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:26
1
Bash on macOS works differently, e.g. your command gives the errorbash: firefox: command not found. Same error withFirefoxas program name.
– mmorin
Oct 4 at 16:36
3
bashworks exactly the same; it's Firefox that is installed differently than it is on Ubuntu. On macOS, you could, for instance, run/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-binfrom the command line.Firefox.appis a special kind of folder that contains not just the executable, but files that in Linux might be scattered about in various/usr/bin/,/usr/lib,/etc, etc. directories. The Finder knows how to run the actual application when you, for instance, double-click onFirefox.app.openis a way to "run" the special folder from the command line.
– chepner
Oct 4 at 18:53
4
It's not thatbashworks differently: firefox is installed as an OS X application (Firefox.app) and is not on the regular PATH. Another reason to useopen -ais that it properly backgrounds the application it launches, instead of waiting on it until it exits.
– alexis
Oct 4 at 18:54
askubuntu.com/a/15356&
– Dev
Oct 4 at 20:00
 |Â
show 2 more comments
I've never used a Mac, so can you tell me why you'd useopen -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org? Can't you dofirefox http://www.wikipedia.org? It seems like a useless feature ofopen, when opening programs is the very point ofbash.
– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:26
1
Bash on macOS works differently, e.g. your command gives the errorbash: firefox: command not found. Same error withFirefoxas program name.
– mmorin
Oct 4 at 16:36
3
bashworks exactly the same; it's Firefox that is installed differently than it is on Ubuntu. On macOS, you could, for instance, run/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-binfrom the command line.Firefox.appis a special kind of folder that contains not just the executable, but files that in Linux might be scattered about in various/usr/bin/,/usr/lib,/etc, etc. directories. The Finder knows how to run the actual application when you, for instance, double-click onFirefox.app.openis a way to "run" the special folder from the command line.
– chepner
Oct 4 at 18:53
4
It's not thatbashworks differently: firefox is installed as an OS X application (Firefox.app) and is not on the regular PATH. Another reason to useopen -ais that it properly backgrounds the application it launches, instead of waiting on it until it exits.
– alexis
Oct 4 at 18:54
askubuntu.com/a/15356&
– Dev
Oct 4 at 20:00
I've never used a Mac, so can you tell me why you'd use
open -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org? Can't you do firefox http://www.wikipedia.org? It seems like a useless feature of open, when opening programs is the very point of bash.– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:26
I've never used a Mac, so can you tell me why you'd use
open -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org? Can't you do firefox http://www.wikipedia.org? It seems like a useless feature of open, when opening programs is the very point of bash.– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:26
1
1
Bash on macOS works differently, e.g. your command gives the error
bash: firefox: command not found. Same error with Firefox as program name.– mmorin
Oct 4 at 16:36
Bash on macOS works differently, e.g. your command gives the error
bash: firefox: command not found. Same error with Firefox as program name.– mmorin
Oct 4 at 16:36
3
3
bash works exactly the same; it's Firefox that is installed differently than it is on Ubuntu. On macOS, you could, for instance, run /Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin from the command line. Firefox.app is a special kind of folder that contains not just the executable, but files that in Linux might be scattered about in various /usr/bin/, /usr/lib, /etc, etc. directories. The Finder knows how to run the actual application when you, for instance, double-click on Firefox.app. open is a way to "run" the special folder from the command line.– chepner
Oct 4 at 18:53
bash works exactly the same; it's Firefox that is installed differently than it is on Ubuntu. On macOS, you could, for instance, run /Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin from the command line. Firefox.app is a special kind of folder that contains not just the executable, but files that in Linux might be scattered about in various /usr/bin/, /usr/lib, /etc, etc. directories. The Finder knows how to run the actual application when you, for instance, double-click on Firefox.app. open is a way to "run" the special folder from the command line.– chepner
Oct 4 at 18:53
4
4
It's not that
bash works differently: firefox is installed as an OS X application (Firefox.app) and is not on the regular PATH. Another reason to use open -a is that it properly backgrounds the application it launches, instead of waiting on it until it exits.– alexis
Oct 4 at 18:54
It's not that
bash works differently: firefox is installed as an OS X application (Firefox.app) and is not on the regular PATH. Another reason to use open -a is that it properly backgrounds the application it launches, instead of waiting on it until it exits.– alexis
Oct 4 at 18:54
askubuntu.com/a/15356
&– Dev
Oct 4 at 20:00
askubuntu.com/a/15356
&– Dev
Oct 4 at 20:00
 |Â
show 2 more comments
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
You can specifically use your desired program's name (if it's able to be used as a command line tool).
For example, urls:
firefox duckduckgo.com
chromium-browser askubuntu.com
PDF:
evince foo.pdf
okular bar.pdf
Images:
gpicview foo.png
feh bar.jpeg
Texts:
gedit foo.txt
mousepad /etc/config
leafpad bar.xml
Video/Music:
mpv foo.mp3
vlc bar.mp4
If you want the program to be run detached from the terminal then this is the way that I prefer doing it:
nohup program args &
For example:
nohup firefox askubuntu.com &
Remember that you can always redirect the outputs as usual, e.g. :
nohup firefox duckduckgo.com &> /dev/null &
answered Oct 4 at 11:16
Ravexina
29.2k147199
2
eog picture.jpgfor images too if you have gnome-desktop installed :)
– Videonauth
Oct 4 at 11:19
1
@Videonauth Yeah, or any other kind of tools ;)
– Ravexina
Oct 4 at 11:20
2
@BaptisteCandellier I don't get the point of callingopento call another program. Why not just call the other program directly? What usefulness doesopenadd? This answer reflects the natural thing to do to open specific applications.
– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:35
1
@BaptisteCandellier I agree, andopenon macOS works both for opening files and folders in the default application and in specific applications. It seems the originalbashwent on a different path withxdg-openfor files and the application names for the rest.
– mmorin
Oct 4 at 17:00
2
Another thing that is different aboutopenin MacOS is that it launches the application detached from the console it's run from, i.e. if the console closes, the app will stay on. On Ubuntu one needs to use thenohupcommand to get the same behaviour. (since prefixing each command with nohup and redirecting output for each command you run gets tiring, it may make more sense to define a custom shortcut)
– undercat
Oct 5 at 4:20
 |Â
show 8 more comments
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
You can specifically use your desired program's name (if it's able to be used as a command line tool).
For example, urls:
firefox duckduckgo.com
chromium-browser askubuntu.com
PDF:
evince foo.pdf
okular bar.pdf
Images:
gpicview foo.png
feh bar.jpeg
Texts:
gedit foo.txt
mousepad /etc/config
leafpad bar.xml
Video/Music:
mpv foo.mp3
vlc bar.mp4
If you want the program to be run detached from the terminal then this is the way that I prefer doing it:
nohup program args &
For example:
nohup firefox askubuntu.com &
Remember that you can always redirect the outputs as usual, e.g. :
nohup firefox duckduckgo.com &> /dev/null &
answered Oct 4 at 11:16
Ravexina
29.2k147199
2
eog picture.jpgfor images too if you have gnome-desktop installed :)
– Videonauth
Oct 4 at 11:19
1
@Videonauth Yeah, or any other kind of tools ;)
– Ravexina
Oct 4 at 11:20
2
@BaptisteCandellier I don't get the point of callingopento call another program. Why not just call the other program directly? What usefulness doesopenadd? This answer reflects the natural thing to do to open specific applications.
– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:35
1
@BaptisteCandellier I agree, andopenon macOS works both for opening files and folders in the default application and in specific applications. It seems the originalbashwent on a different path withxdg-openfor files and the application names for the rest.
– mmorin
Oct 4 at 17:00
2
Another thing that is different aboutopenin MacOS is that it launches the application detached from the console it's run from, i.e. if the console closes, the app will stay on. On Ubuntu one needs to use thenohupcommand to get the same behaviour. (since prefixing each command with nohup and redirecting output for each command you run gets tiring, it may make more sense to define a custom shortcut)
– undercat
Oct 5 at 4:20
 |Â
show 8 more comments
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
You can specifically use your desired program's name (if it's able to be used as a command line tool).
For example, urls:
firefox duckduckgo.com
chromium-browser askubuntu.com
PDF:
evince foo.pdf
okular bar.pdf
Images:
gpicview foo.png
feh bar.jpeg
Texts:
gedit foo.txt
mousepad /etc/config
leafpad bar.xml
Video/Music:
mpv foo.mp3
vlc bar.mp4
If you want the program to be run detached from the terminal then this is the way that I prefer doing it:
nohup program args &
For example:
nohup firefox askubuntu.com &
Remember that you can always redirect the outputs as usual, e.g. :
nohup firefox duckduckgo.com &> /dev/null &
answered Oct 4 at 11:16
Ravexina
29.2k147199
2
eog picture.jpgfor images too if you have gnome-desktop installed :)
– Videonauth
Oct 4 at 11:19
1
@Videonauth Yeah, or any other kind of tools ;)
– Ravexina
Oct 4 at 11:20
2
@BaptisteCandellier I don't get the point of callingopento call another program. Why not just call the other program directly? What usefulness doesopenadd? This answer reflects the natural thing to do to open specific applications.
– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:35
1
@BaptisteCandellier I agree, andopenon macOS works both for opening files and folders in the default application and in specific applications. It seems the originalbashwent on a different path withxdg-openfor files and the application names for the rest.
– mmorin
Oct 4 at 17:00
2
Another thing that is different aboutopenin MacOS is that it launches the application detached from the console it's run from, i.e. if the console closes, the app will stay on. On Ubuntu one needs to use thenohupcommand to get the same behaviour. (since prefixing each command with nohup and redirecting output for each command you run gets tiring, it may make more sense to define a custom shortcut)
– undercat
Oct 5 at 4:20
 |Â
show 8 more comments
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
You can specifically use your desired program's name (if it's able to be used as a command line tool).
For example, urls:
firefox duckduckgo.com
chromium-browser askubuntu.com
PDF:
evince foo.pdf
okular bar.pdf
Images:
gpicview foo.png
feh bar.jpeg
Texts:
gedit foo.txt
mousepad /etc/config
leafpad bar.xml
Video/Music:
mpv foo.mp3
vlc bar.mp4
If you want the program to be run detached from the terminal then this is the way that I prefer doing it:
nohup program args &
For example:
nohup firefox askubuntu.com &
Remember that you can always redirect the outputs as usual, e.g. :
nohup firefox duckduckgo.com &> /dev/null &
answered Oct 4 at 11:16
Ravexina
29.2k147199
You can specifically use your desired program's name (if it's able to be used as a command line tool).
For example, urls:
firefox duckduckgo.com
chromium-browser askubuntu.com
PDF:
evince foo.pdf
okular bar.pdf
Images:
gpicview foo.png
feh bar.jpeg
Texts:
gedit foo.txt
mousepad /etc/config
leafpad bar.xml
Video/Music:
mpv foo.mp3
vlc bar.mp4
If you want the program to be run detached from the terminal then this is the way that I prefer doing it:
nohup program args &
For example:
nohup firefox askubuntu.com &
Remember that you can always redirect the outputs as usual, e.g. :
nohup firefox duckduckgo.com &> /dev/null &
answered Oct 4 at 11:16
Ravexina
29.2k147199
edited 2 days ago
answered Oct 4 at 11:16
Ravexina
29.2k147199
answered Oct 4 at 11:16
Ravexina
29.2k147199
answered Oct 4 at 11:16
Ravexina
29.2k147199
29.2k147199
2
eog picture.jpgfor images too if you have gnome-desktop installed :)
– Videonauth
Oct 4 at 11:19
1
@Videonauth Yeah, or any other kind of tools ;)
– Ravexina
Oct 4 at 11:20
2
@BaptisteCandellier I don't get the point of callingopento call another program. Why not just call the other program directly? What usefulness doesopenadd? This answer reflects the natural thing to do to open specific applications.
– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:35
1
@BaptisteCandellier I agree, andopenon macOS works both for opening files and folders in the default application and in specific applications. It seems the originalbashwent on a different path withxdg-openfor files and the application names for the rest.
– mmorin
Oct 4 at 17:00
2
Another thing that is different aboutopenin MacOS is that it launches the application detached from the console it's run from, i.e. if the console closes, the app will stay on. On Ubuntu one needs to use thenohupcommand to get the same behaviour. (since prefixing each command with nohup and redirecting output for each command you run gets tiring, it may make more sense to define a custom shortcut)
– undercat
Oct 5 at 4:20
 |Â
show 8 more comments
2
eog picture.jpgfor images too if you have gnome-desktop installed :)
– Videonauth
Oct 4 at 11:19
1
@Videonauth Yeah, or any other kind of tools ;)
– Ravexina
Oct 4 at 11:20
2
@BaptisteCandellier I don't get the point of callingopento call another program. Why not just call the other program directly? What usefulness doesopenadd? This answer reflects the natural thing to do to open specific applications.
– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:35
1
@BaptisteCandellier I agree, andopenon macOS works both for opening files and folders in the default application and in specific applications. It seems the originalbashwent on a different path withxdg-openfor files and the application names for the rest.
– mmorin
Oct 4 at 17:00
2
Another thing that is different aboutopenin MacOS is that it launches the application detached from the console it's run from, i.e. if the console closes, the app will stay on. On Ubuntu one needs to use thenohupcommand to get the same behaviour. (since prefixing each command with nohup and redirecting output for each command you run gets tiring, it may make more sense to define a custom shortcut)
– undercat
Oct 5 at 4:20
2
2
eog picture.jpg for images too if you have gnome-desktop installed :)– Videonauth
Oct 4 at 11:19
eog picture.jpg for images too if you have gnome-desktop installed :)– Videonauth
Oct 4 at 11:19
1
1
@Videonauth Yeah, or any other kind of tools ;)
– Ravexina
Oct 4 at 11:20
@Videonauth Yeah, or any other kind of tools ;)
– Ravexina
Oct 4 at 11:20
2
2
@BaptisteCandellier I don't get the point of calling
open to call another program. Why not just call the other program directly? What usefulness does open add? This answer reflects the natural thing to do to open specific applications.– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:35
@BaptisteCandellier I don't get the point of calling
open to call another program. Why not just call the other program directly? What usefulness does open add? This answer reflects the natural thing to do to open specific applications.– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:35
1
1
@BaptisteCandellier I agree, and
open on macOS works both for opening files and folders in the default application and in specific applications. It seems the original bash went on a different path with xdg-open for files and the application names for the rest.– mmorin
Oct 4 at 17:00
@BaptisteCandellier I agree, and
open on macOS works both for opening files and folders in the default application and in specific applications. It seems the original bash went on a different path with xdg-open for files and the application names for the rest.– mmorin
Oct 4 at 17:00
2
2
Another thing that is different about
open in MacOS is that it launches the application detached from the console it's run from, i.e. if the console closes, the app will stay on. On Ubuntu one needs to use the nohup command to get the same behaviour. (since prefixing each command with nohup and redirecting output for each command you run gets tiring, it may make more sense to define a custom shortcut)– undercat
Oct 5 at 4:20
Another thing that is different about
open in MacOS is that it launches the application detached from the console it's run from, i.e. if the console closes, the app will stay on. On Ubuntu one needs to use the nohup command to get the same behaviour. (since prefixing each command with nohup and redirecting output for each command you run gets tiring, it may make more sense to define a custom shortcut)– undercat
Oct 5 at 4:20
 |Â
show 8 more comments
mmorin is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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I've never used a Mac, so can you tell me why you'd use
open -a Firefox http://www.wikipedia.org? Can't you dofirefox http://www.wikipedia.org? It seems like a useless feature ofopen, when opening programs is the very point ofbash.– JoL
Oct 4 at 15:26
1
Bash on macOS works differently, e.g. your command gives the error
bash: firefox: command not found. Same error withFirefoxas program name.– mmorin
Oct 4 at 16:36
3
bashworks exactly the same; it's Firefox that is installed differently than it is on Ubuntu. On macOS, you could, for instance, run/Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-binfrom the command line.Firefox.appis a special kind of folder that contains not just the executable, but files that in Linux might be scattered about in various/usr/bin/,/usr/lib,/etc, etc. directories. The Finder knows how to run the actual application when you, for instance, double-click onFirefox.app.openis a way to "run" the special folder from the command line.– chepner
Oct 4 at 18:53
4
It's not that
bashworks differently: firefox is installed as an OS X application (Firefox.app) and is not on the regular PATH. Another reason to useopen -ais that it properly backgrounds the application it launches, instead of waiting on it until it exits.– alexis
Oct 4 at 18:54
askubuntu.com/a/15356
&– Dev
Oct 4 at 20:00