mjhjmtu

This page gives a list of domestic animals,^[1] also including a list of animals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and/or morphological changes from their wild ancestors; while others have been changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, however, there isn't always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, i.e., there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.

Archaeozoology has identified three classes of animal domesticates:

1. commensals, adapted to a human niche (e.g., dogs, cats, guinea pigs)


2. prey animals sought for food (e.g., cows, sheep, pig, goats)


3. targeted animals for draft and nonfood resources (e.g., horse, camel, donkey).^[2]

To sort the tables chronologically by date of domestication, refresh your browser window, as clicking the Date column heading will mix CE and BCE dates.

Domestic animals

Species and subspecies	Wild ancestor	Date	Location of origin	Purpose	Image	Degree and type of domestication	Extent in wild vs captivity	Taxon group
Dog (Canis familiaris)[3]	Extinct Pleistocene population of Gray wolf (Canis lupus)[4]	13000 BCE[5][6]	Europe[6]	Pets, hunting, herding, guarding, pest control, transportation, draft, working, show, racing, sport, meat, rescuing, guiding, fighting, service, research, policing, narcotics detection, patrol, fibre		Tame (with exceptions),[7] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes	Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[7] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common but not rare	1c Carnivora
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)	Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus)	10000 BCE[8][9][10]	Iran	milk, meat, fibre, skin, show, racing, fighting, clearing land, pets, horns, guarding, weed control		Slight physical changes	Common in captivity, threatened in wild, feral goats common	1b Bovidae
Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)	Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[11]Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[12]	9000 BCE[13][14][15][16]	Western Asia, China	meat, leather, research, show, racing, fighting, truffles, pets, tusks, guarding, manure, weed control		Some physical changes	Common in the wild. Much more common in captivity. Feral animals common in some areas.	1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Sheep (Ovis aries)[3]	Unknown ancestor,[17] possibly Armenian mouflon (Ovis orientalis gmelini)	9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[18]	Anatolia, Zagros mountains	fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum, pets, show, racing, research, guarding, fighting, ornamental, horns, lawn mowing, weed control		Some physical changes	Common in captivity, threatened in the wild	1b Bovidae
Cattle (Bos taurus)[3]	Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius)†	8000 BCE[19][20]	Western Asia	meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, guarding, dung, mount, fibre, weed control		Some physical changes	Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral cattle fairly common	1b Bovidae
Zebu (Bos taurus indicus)[3]	Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)†	8000 BCE	India	meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, dung, mount		Considerable physical changes	Wild relatives extinct, common in captivity	1b Bovidae
Cat (Felis catus)[3]	African wildcat (Felis lybica)[21]	8000–7500 BCE[21]	Near East	pets, pest control, show, pelt, research		Tame, some physical changes	Very abundant in captivity, true wildcats less abundant though not rare. Feral populations very common.	1c Carnivora
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)	Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the Grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii)	6000 BCE[22]	India and Southeast Asia	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, show, racing, ornamental, fighting, pest control, pets, guarding, manure, weed control		Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes	Very common in captivity and the wild	2b Galliformes
Domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)	Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii)	5000 BCE[23]	Peru	pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control		Tame, slight physical changes	Somewhat common in captivity and the wild	1d Rodentia
Donkey (Equus africanus asinus)	Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus), Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)[24]	5000 BCE[25][26]	Egypt	transportation, working, plowing, draft, mount, meat, milk, pets, racing, guarding, lawn mowing, patrol, manure, weed control		Slight physical changes	Somewhat common in captivity and as feral animals, wild animals critically endangered,	1e Other mammals
Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)	Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)	4000 BCE	China	meat, feathers, eggs, pets, show, racing, ornamental, guarding, pest control, weed control		Considerable physical changes	Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild	2a Anseriformes
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[3]	Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee)	4000 BCE	India, China, Philippines	working, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, meat, show, racing, milk, pets, horns, patrol, dung		Mainly unchanged from wild animal	Common in captivity, endangered in the wild	1b Bovidae
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), including subspecies Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia)	Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia)	4000 BCE (1880s for A.m. ligustica, modern for A.m. mellifera, uncertain for A.m. carnica, A.m. caucasia and A.m. cecropia)	Europe, Asia and Africa	honey, wax, pollination, pollen, brood, royal jelly, propolis		Some physical and behavioral changes. Domestication status is a point of contention. See Western honey bee for details.	Very common in captivity, feral populations common, wild status unclear[27]	6a Hymenoptera
Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)	Thomas' camel (Camelus thomasi)†[28]	4000 BCE	Arabia	transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, show, racing, fighting, milk, meat, pets, patrol, hair, weed control		Tame, few physical changes	Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, true wild dromedaries may be extinct	1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Horse (Equus ferus caballus)	Extinct unknown population of Wild horse possibly Tarpan (Equss ferus ferus) [29]	3500 BCE[30]	Kazakhstan	transportation, milk, meat, working, guiding, servicing, herding, hunting, execution, plowing, draft, mount, patrol fighting, show, racing, pets, hair, manure		Tame, some physical changes, mainly in coloration	Common in captivity, very rare in wild, feral populations common	1e Other mammals
Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina mori)	Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina)	3000 BCE	China	silk, animal feed, pets, meat		Tame/held captive, some physical changes	Fairly common in captivity, wild extent unclear	6b Other insects
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica)	Rock dove (Columba livia)	3000 BCE	Mediterranean Basin	show, ornamental, messenger, meat, racing, pets		Artificially selected into many varieties, including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds, and fancy plumage breeds	Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral pigeons extremely abundant	2c Columbiformes
Domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus)	Greylag goose (Anser anser) and Swan goose (A. cygnoides)	3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides.[31]	Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides)	meat, feathers, eggs, show, guarding, pest control, pets, weed control		Considerable physical changes	Common in captivity and the wild	2a Anseriformes
Yak (Bos grunniens)[3]	Wild yak (Bos mutus)	2500 BCE	Tibet, Nepal	milk, transportation, working, plowing, mount, racing, fighting, meat, fibre, guarding, pets, horns, patrol, dung		Tame, slight physical changes	Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild.	1b Bovidae
Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)	Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus)	2500 BCE	Central Asia (Afghanistan)	milk, transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, show, racing, meat, hair, pets		Tame, few physical changes	Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild	1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Llama (Lama glama)[3]	Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[32]	2400 BCE[33]	Peru, Bolivia	transportation, working, draft, pack, meat, show, racing, pets, guarding, weed control, fibre		Slight physical changes	Fairly common in captivity and the wild	1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)[3]	Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis)[32]	2400 BCE[33]	Peru, Bolivia	fibre, meat, show, pets, guarding, milk, lawn mowing, weed control		Considerable physical changes	Fairly common in captivity and the wild	1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris)	West African guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus)	2400 BCE[34]	Africa	meat, eggs, pest control, show, alarming, pets, guarding, manure		Mainly unaltered from wild population	Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild	2b Galliformes
Fuegian dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)†	Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus)	Date uncertain[35]	Chile	hunting, pets, warmth, guarding		Tame, slight physical changes	Extinct in captivity	1c Carnivora
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)	European polecat (Mustela putorius)	1500 BCE[36]	Europe	pets, hunting, pest control, show, racing		Tame, slight physical changes	Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild. Feral ferrets rare	1c Carnivora
Domestic muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica)	Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)	700–600 BCE[33]	South America	meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, guarding, pest control		Tame, some physical changes	Common in captivity, feral populations are rare	2a Anseriformes
Barbary dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea risoria)	African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea)	500 BCE	North Africa	show, pets, meat		Slight physical changes	Common in captivity and feral populations	2c Columbiformes
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus)	Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus)	Date uncertain	Southeast Asia, Bali	meat, milk, show, racing, working, plowing, draft, horns		Slight physical changes	Common in captivity, endangered in the wild	1b Bovidae
Gayal (Bos frontalis)[3]	Gaur (Bos gaurus)	Date uncertain	Southeast Asia, Northeast India	meat, milk, horns		Slight physical changes	Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild	1b Bovidae
Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus)	South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo)	180 CE[33]	Mexico	meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, pest control, guarding, manure		Considerable physical changes	Common in captivity and wild	2b Galliformes
Goldfish (Carassius auratus)	Wild goldfish (Carassius auratus)[37]	300 CE to 400 CE	China	pets, show, racing, ornamental, pest control		Tame/held captive, significant physical changes	Very common and abundant in captivity, wild extent is unclear	5a Cyprinidae
Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)	Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[38]	600 CE[39]	Europe	pelt, fibre, pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control		Tame, significant physical changes	Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range	1e Other mammals
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)	Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)	11th Century CE	Japan	ornamental, show, pets		Tame/held captive, considerable physical changes	Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild	5a Cyprinidae
Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica)	Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria)	15th century CE	Canary Islands, Europe	pets, research, show, mining, fighting		Slight physical changes	Common in captivity and wild	2d Passeriformes
Society finch (Lonchura striata domestica)	White-rumped munia (Lonchura striata)	unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[40]	Japan	pets, research		Slight physical changes	Fairly common in captivity; does not exist in the wild	2d Passeriformes
Fancy mouse and laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domesticus)	House mouse (Mus musculus)	1100 BCE (China), then 17th century CE (Europe)[41]	China	pets, research, racing, animal feed		Tame, significant physical changes	Common in captivity and in the wild	1d Rodentia
Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)	Uncertain species of the genus Betta	19th century CE	Thailand	fighting, pets		Tame/held captive, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes		5b Other fish
Fancy rat and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica)	Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)	19th century CE[42]	United Kingdom	pets, research, show		Tame, some physical and psychological changes	Common in captivity and in the wild	1d Rodentia
Domestic mink (Neovison vison domesticus) [43]	American mink (Neovison vison)	19th century CE	North America	fur, hunting, pest control, pets		Some physical and psychological changes	Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild	1c Carnivora
Domesticated red fox (Vulpes vulpes)	Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)	1950s CE	Soviet Union, Russia	pelt, research, pets		Tame, some physical changes	Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common	1c Carnivora
Domestic hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris domestica)	Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)	1980s CE	Central and Eastern Africa	pets		Slight physical changes	Common in the wild. Somewhat rare in captivity	1e Other mammals
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata some strains)[44]	Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)	Date uncertain	Barbados, Brazil, Guyana	pets		Tame/held in captivity, significant physical changes	Common in captivity	5b Other fish

Semidomesticated, routinely captive-bred, or domestication status unclear

Due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what, precisely, constitutes domestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also species that are extensively used or kept as pets by humans, but are not significantly altered from wild-type animals. Most animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild animals by their extensive interactions with humans. Many could not be released into the wild, or are in some way dependent on humans.

Species and subspecies	Wild ancestor	Date	Location of origin	Purpose	Image	Degree and type of domestication	Extent in wild vs captivity	Taxon group
Semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)	Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)	3000 BCE	Fennoscandia, Western Russia (possibly Eastern Russia)[45]	meat, milk, transportation, working, draft, mount, hides, racing, leather, antlers, pets		Semidomesticated		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)	Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)	Date uncertain	Southern Africa	meat, hides, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Arabian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†	Arabian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†[46]	Date uncertain	Mesopotamia	meat, feathers, eggs, sacrifice			Extinct in captivity and in the wild	2f Other birds
Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)	Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)	Date uncertain	Middle East, Egypt	meat, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas)	Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas)[47]	Date uncertain	Egypt	meat, hides, horns, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana)	Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana)[48]	Date uncertain	Egypt	meat, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah)	Scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah)	2320–2150 BCE	Egypt	meat, hides, horns, sacrifice		Held/tame in captivity	Small captive population, but nearly extinct in wild	1b Bovidae
Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis)	Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis)[49][50]	Date uncertain	Egypt	tourism, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)	Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)[51]	Date uncertain	Egypt, Middle East, India	meat, hunting, blood, show, tourism, hair, medicine, fat, organs, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Serval (Leptailurus serval)	Serval (Leptailurus serval)[52]	Date uncertain	Egypt	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Caracal (Caracal caracal)	Caracal (Caracal caracal)[53]	Date uncertain	Egypt, India, Southern Africa	hunting, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Northeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetah (A. jubatus venaticus)	Northeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetah (A. jubatus venaticus)[54][55]	Date uncertain	Egypt, India, Middle East	hunting, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)†	Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)†	Date uncertain	Egypt	meat, hides, horns, sacrifice			Extinct in captivity and in the wild	1b Bovidae
Syrian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemippus)†	Syrian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemippus)†[56]	Date uncertain	Mesopotamia	draught			Extinct in captivity and in the wild	1e Other mammals
Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)	Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)	2000 BC	Indus Valley Civilization	working, transportation, hunting, show, racing, fighting, worship, patrol		Semidomesticated (Captured from wild and tamed)		1e Other mammals
Wood duck (Aix sponsa)	Wood duck (Aix sponsa)	Date uncertain	North America	meat, ornamental, pets, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		2a Anseriformes
Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata)	Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata)	Pre-modern China (date uncertain)	China	ornamental, pets, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		2a Anseriformes
Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus)	Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus)	Date uncertain	Egypt	meat, eggs, ornamental, guarding, pets, feathers		Held/tame in captivity	common in captivity, feral populations very common	2a Anseriformes
Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon)	Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon)	Ancient Egypt (Date uncertain)	Egypt	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)	Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)[57]	5000 BCE	China	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Genets: Common (Genetta genetta), Cape (G. tigrina), Pardine (G. pardina) and Rusty-spotted (G. maculata)	Common (Genetta genetta),[58] Cape (G. tigrina), Pardine (G. pardina) and Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata)	Date uncertain	Africa	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana), including subspecies Indian (A. cerana indica) and Japanese honey bees (A. cerana japonica)	Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana) and appropriate subspecies	Date uncertain	South Asia, Southeast Asia, Japan	honey, pollination		Held/tame in captivity		6a Hymenoptera
Fallow deer (Dama dama)	Fallow deer (Dama dama)	1000 BCE	Mediterranean Basin	meat, hides, antlers, pets		Semidomesticated		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)	European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)	800 BC	Europe, Asia	bloodletting, surgery		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus)	Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus)	700–500 BC[33]	Chile, Peru, Mexico	dye		Held/tame in captivity	Very common in the wild	6b Other insects
Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus)	Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus)	500 BCE	India	show, feathers, meat, ornamental, pets, guarding, pest control		Held/tame in captivity	Fairly common in the wild	2b Galliformes
Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa)	Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa)	kept in Ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain	Greece	pets, talking bird		Held/tame in captivity		2d Passeriformes
Indian rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis) and African rose-ringed parakeet (P. k. krameri)	Indian rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis) and African rose-ringed parakeet (P. k. krameri)	Classical antiquity (Date uncertain)	West Africa, India	pets, talking bird		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Red deer (Cervus elaphus)	Red deer (Cervus elaphus)	~0 CE	China, Russia, Europe, United Kingdom	meat, velvet, hides, leather, antlers		Captive bred		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Roman snail (Helix pomatia)	Roman snail (Helix pomatia)	100 CE	Europe	meat, pets, shells		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida)	Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida)	180 CE	Mexico, Amazon basin	honey, pollination, pets		Semidomesticated		6a Hymenoptera
White cockatoo (Cacatua alba)	White cockatoo (Cacatua alba)	Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE)	China, Indonesia	pets, show		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)	Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)	Date uncertain	Australia	pets, show		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Yellow-crested and Citron-crested cockatoos (Cacatua sulphurea and C. S. citrinocristata)	Yellow-crested and Citron-crested cockatoos (Cacatua sulphurea and C. S. citrinocristata)	Date uncertain	Sulawesi, Masalembu Islands, Tukangbesi Islands, Tanah Jampea, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Timor, Lesser Sundas, Sumba	pets		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Japanese, Neotropic and great cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus, P. brasilianus and P. carbo)	Japanese, Neotropic and great cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus, P. brasilianus and P. carbo)	960 CE	Japan, China, Peru	fishing		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus)	Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus)	Date uncertain	Eurasia	meat, ornamental, feathers, guarding		Semidomesticated		2a Anseriformes
Mute swan (Cygnus olor)	Mute swan (Cygnus olor)	1000-1500 CE	Europe	meat, ornamental, feathers, guarding		Semidomesticated		2a Anseriformes
House cricket (Acheta domesticus)	House cricket (Acheta domesticus)	12th century CE	Southwestern Asia, China, Japan	animal feed, meat, fighting, pets		Held in captivity	Somewhat common in captivity, very common in wild	6b Other insects
Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quail (C. japonica)	Common (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quail (C. japonica)	1100–1900 CE	Eurasia, Japan	meat, eggs, pets		Domesticated in captivity		2b Galliformes
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)	Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)	1200–1500 CE	Europe, Asia	meat		Held/tame in captivity		5a Cyprinidae
Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora)	Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora)	Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE)	China	pets		Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Javas from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable	Threatened in wild	2d Passeriformes
Northern bobwhite (Colinus. virginianus) including subspecies Masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi)	Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies Masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi)	Date uncertain	United States, Sonora	meat, eggs, pets		Captive bred	Plumage changes	2b Galliformes
European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)	European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)	Date uncertain	Europe	pets, singing		Captive bred		2d Passeriformes
Pekin robin (Leiothrix lutea)	Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea)	Date uncertain	China, Japan	pets, singing		Captive bred		2d Passeriformes
Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii)	Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii)	Date uncertain	India	fighting, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) and Emin's pouched rat (C. emini)	Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) and Emin's pouched rat (C. emini)	At least 1997 [59] but possibly early 1990s	Sub-Saharan Africa	meat, pets, landmine detection, TB detection, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum)	Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum)	Date uncertain	India	pets		Easy to tame		1d Rodentia
Black and Grey francolin (Francolinus francolinus and F. pondicerianus)	Black and Grey francolin (Francolinus francolinus and F. pondicerianus)	Date uncertain	India, Pakistan	meat, pets, fighting		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus)	Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus)	Date uncertain	China	ornamental, pets, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Common (Phasianus colchicus) and Green pheasants (P. versicolor)	Common (Phasianus colchicus) and Green pheasants (P. versicolor)	Date uncertain	Asia, Japan	meat, eggs, pets, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Sika deer (Cervus nippon)	Sika deer (Cervus nippon)	Date uncertain	Japan, China	meat, antlers, tourism, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Common eland (Taurotragus oryx)	Common eland (Taurotragus oryx)	Date uncertain	Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya	meat, milk, leather, hides, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
American (Alligator mississippiensis) and Chinese alligators (A. sinensis)	American (Alligator mississippiensis) and Chinese alligators (A. sinensis)	Date uncertain	United States, China	pets, meat, hides, teeth		Captive bred	once uncommon in the wild, captive breeding has led to the species recovering across much of its range	3c Other reptiles
Moose (Alces alces) including subspecies Alaska moose (A. a. gigas)	Moose (Alces alces)[60] and appropriate subspecies	Date uncertain	Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska	research, milk, antlers, mount, draft, transportation, working, meat, hides		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
North African (Struthio camelus camelus) and Masai ostriches (S. c. massaicus)	North African (Struthio camelus camelus) and Masai ostriches (S. c. massaicus)	Date uncertain	North Africa, West Africa; East Africa	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets		Semidomesticated		2f Other birds
South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis)	South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis)	19th century	South Africa	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets		Semidomesticated		2f Other birds
Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes)	Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes)	Date uncertain	Kenya	meat, eggs, feathers, mount, racing, guarding, pets		Semidomesticated		2f Other birds
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)	Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)	1850s	Australia	pets, show, talking bird		Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger	Fairly common in the wild and in captivity	2e Psittaciformes
Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)	Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)	1870s	Australia	pets, show, talking bird		Held/tame in captivity	Common in the wild and in captivity	2e Psittaciformes
Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri)	Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri)	Date uncertain	Australia	pets, show		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Elk (Cervus canadensis) including subspecies Rocky Mountain elk (C. c. nelsoni), Roosevelt elk (C. c. roosevelti), Tule elk (C. c. nannodes), Manitoban elk (C. c. manitobensis)	Elk (Cervus canadensis), including Rocky Mountain (C. c. nelsoni), Roosevelt (C. c. roosevelti), Tule (C. c. nannodes), and Manitoban elk (C. c. manitobensis)	late 1800s	North America	meat, velvet, hides, leather, antlers		Captive bred		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Stoat (Mustela erminea)	Stoat (Mustela erminea)	1800s	Eurasia	fur, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
European mink (Mustela lutreola)	European mink (Mustela lutreola)	1800s	Europe, Russia	fur		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Coypu (Myocastor coypus)	Coypu (Myocastor coypus)	late 19th to early 20th century	Argentina	fur, meat, aquatic weed control, pets		Captive bred		1d Rodentia
Domestic skunk (Mephitis mephitis)	Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)	19th century	North America	pets, pest control		Tame when captive-bred		1c Carnivora
Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)	Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)[61]	Date uncertain	North America	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	1910s	Australia, South Africa	research, animal feed		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)	Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)	1920s	China	research, biotechnology, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Rosy-faced, yellow-collared, and Fischer's lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis, A. personatus and A. fischeri)	Rosy-faced, yellow-collared and Fischer's lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis, A. personatus and A. fischeri)	1920s	Africa	pets		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae)	Various rainbowfish spp. (Melanotaeniidae spp.)	1920s	northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay, and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia	pets, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		5b Other fish
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)	Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)	1930s	Syria, Turkey	pets, research		Domesticated		1d Rodentia
Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti)	Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti)	20th century	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey	pets, research		Domesticated		1d Rodentia
Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)	Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)	1930s	Andes	pets, fur, research		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla)	Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla)	1930s	Andes	fur		Raised in captivity	Critically endangered in the wild	1d Rodentia
Water flea (Daphnia magna)	Water flea (Daphnia magna)	1930s	North America, Eurasia, Africa	research, animal feed		Held/tame in captivity		6c Other arthropods
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	1950s	South Africa	pets, research		Captive bred		4a Anura
Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos)	Brine shrimp (Artemia spp., esp. A. salina)	1950s	United States	pets		Domesticated		6c Other arthropods
Ball python (Python regius)	Ball python (Python regius)	1960s	Africa	pets		Captive bred		3a Serpentes
Dwarf hamsters (Phodopus spp.)	Campbell's dwarf, Djungarian and Roborovski hamsters (Phodopus campbelli, P. sungorus and P. roborovskii)	1960s	Europe	pets, research		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)	Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)	20th century	Australia	pets, show		Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger		2d Passeriformes
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)	Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)	20th century	Mexico	research, pets		Slight physical changes	Critically endangered in the wild	4b Other amphibians
Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus)	Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus)	Date uncertain	Australia	pets		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)	Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)	20th century	Pakistan	pets		Slight physical modification	Somewhat common in captivity	3b Lacertilia
American bison (Bison bison)	American bison (Bison bison)	20th century	North America	meat, leather, hides, horns, guarding, fibre		Semidomesticated		1b Bovidae
Companion parrot (Order Psittaciformes)	Many species (Order Psittaciformes)[62]	1980s and 1990s	Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, New Zealand	pets, companion, talking bird, ornamental, guarding		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella)	Turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella)	20th century	Australia	pets, show		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Dyeing (Dendrobates tinctorius), Green and black (D. auratus), Yellow-banded poison dart frog (D. leucomelas)	Dyeing (Dendrobates tinctorius), Green and black (D. auratus), Yellow-banded poison dart frog (D. leucomelas)	Mid-to-late 20th century	Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela	pets		Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity		4a Anura
Diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata)	Diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata)	Date uncertain	Australia	pets		Held/tame in captivity		2c Columbiformes
Common (Lampropeltis getula), Grey-banded kingsnakes (L. alterna) and Milk snake (L. triangulum)	Common (Lampropeltis getula), Grey-banded kingsnakes (L. alterna) and Milk snake (L. triangulum)	Date uncertain	Texas, New Mexico, Chihuahua	pets		Held/tame in captivity		3a Serpentes
Corn snake (Pantherophis gutttatus)	Corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus)	1960s	United States	pets		Slight physical changes	Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild	3a Serpentes
Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)	Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)	1960s	United States	wool, meat, milk, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa)	Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa)	1960s	Madagascar	pets		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Eastern bearded dragon (Pogona barbata)	Eastern bearded dragon (Pogona barbata)	Date uncertain	Australia	pets		Slight physical changes		3b Lacertilia
Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)	Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)	1970s	Australia	pets		Slight physical changes		3b Lacertilia
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)	Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[63]	1970s	China	meat, algae control		Held/tame in captivity		5a Cyprinidae
Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus)	Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus)	1980s	Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands	pets		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Salmon-crested cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis)	Salmon-crested cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis)	1980s	Maluku Islands	pets, show, talking bird		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis)	Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis)	Date uncertain	Australia	pets		Held/tame in captivity		1e Other mammals
Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)	Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)[64]	1980s	Australia	pets, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		1e Other mammals
Lawson's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni)	Lawson's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni)	1980s	Australia	pets		Held/tame in captivity		3b Lacertilia
Buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris)	Buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris)	1980s	Europe	wax, pollination		Held/tame in captivity		6a Hymenoptera
Greater rhea (Rhea americana)	Greater rhea (Rhea americana)	1990s	South America	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets		Semidomesticated		2f Other birds
Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)	Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)	1990s	Australia	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets		Semidomesticated		2f Other birds
Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus)	Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus)	Date uncertain	West Africa	meat, leather, hides, horns, milk		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis) and Common beisa oryx (O. b. beisa)	Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis)[65] and Common beisa oryx (O. b. beisa)	Date uncertain	Kenya	meat, leather, hides, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Common degu (Octodon degus)	Common degu (Octodon degus)	1990s	Chilean Andes	pets, research		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) et al.	Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and others of the genus	1990s	Mongolia	pets, research		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Green iguana (Iguana iguana)	Green iguana (Iguana iguana)	1990s	South America	pets, meat, leather		Captive bred		3b Lacertilia
Carpet python (Morelia spilota)	Carpet python (Morelia spilota)	Date uncertain	New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia	pets		Captive bred		3a Serpentes
Green tree python (Morelia viridis)	Green tree python (Morelia viridis)	mid-1990s	New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia	pets		Captive bred		3a Serpentes
Red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii)	Red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii)	late 1990s	Australia	pets		Held/tame in captivity		2e Psittaciformes
Pin-tailed parrotfinch (Erythrura prasina)	Pin-tailed parrotfinch (Erythrura prasina)	date uncertain	Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Burma, and Thailand	pets		Held/tame in captivity		2d Passeriformes
Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae)	Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae)	late 1990s	Australia	pets, show		Held/tame in captivity		2d Passeriformes
Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea)	Australian green tree frog	late 20th century	Australia	pets		Captive bred		4a Anura
Argentine and Cranwell's horned frogs (Ceratophrys ornata and C. cranwelli)	Argentine and Cranwell's horned frogs (Ceratophrys ornata and C. cranwelli)	late 20th century	Argentina	pets		Captive bred		4a Anura
Crucian carp (Carassius carassius)	Crucian carp (Carassius carassius)	2000s	England, Russia	meat, pets		Domesticated		5a Cyprinidae
King quail (Excalfactoria chinensis)	King quail (Excalfactoria chinensis)	Date uncertain	Asia, Australia	pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris)	Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris)	Date uncertain	South America	meat, eggs		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)	Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)[66]	Date uncertain	South America	meat, eggs		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
White-necked (Corvus. albicollis), Common (C. corax), and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); Pied (C. albus), Carrion (C. corone), American (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and Hooded crows (C. cornix); Rook (C. frugilegus)	White-necked (C. albicollis), Common (C. corax), and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); Pied (Corvus albus), Carrion (C. corone), American (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and Hooded crows (C. cornix); Rook (C. frugilegus)[67][68][69][70][71][72]	Date uncertain	Europe, Africa, Australia, North America	pest control, pets, research		Held/tame in captivity		2d Passeriformes
Southern (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbills (B. abyssinicus)	Southern (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbills (B. abyssinicus)	Date uncertain	South Africa, Ethiopia	show, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)	Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)[73]	Date uncertain	India	fishing		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Southern (Chauna torquata) and Northern screamers (C. chavaria)	Southern (Chauna torquata) and Northern screamers (C. chavaria)	Date uncertain	South America	guarding		Held/tame in captivity		2a Anseriformes
Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)	Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)[74]	Date uncertain	South America	guarding		Held/tame in captivity		2a Anseriformes
Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata)	Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata)	Date uncertain	South America	guarding		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri)	Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri)	Date uncertain	South America	guarding		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)	Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)	Date uncertain	Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia	falconry, show, intercepting, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)[75]	Date uncertain	North America	falconry, show, intercepting, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)	Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)[76]	Date uncertain	United States	falconry, show, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)	Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)[77]	Date uncertain	Europe, Asia, North America	falconry, show, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)	Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)[78]	Date uncertain	Europe	show, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Tawny owl (Strix aluco)	Tawny owl (Strix aluco)[79]	Date uncertain	Europe, United Kingdom	pest control, show, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus)	Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus)	Date uncertain	Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Atlantic and Caribbean regions of the Americas	meat, eggs, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi)	Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi)	Date uncertain	Peru	meat, eggs, pest control		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Wild boar (Sus scrofa)	Wild boar (Sus scrofa)[80][81]	date uncertain	Europe, United Kingdom	meat, tusks, hides, leather, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus)	Red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus)	2000s	Tasmania	lawn mowing, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1e Other mammals
Tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), Eastern quoll (D. viverrinus), Western quoll (D. geoffroii) and Northern quoll (D. hallucatus)	Tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), Eastern quoll (D. viverrinus), Western quoll (D. geoffroii) and Northern quoll (D. hallucatus)[82][83][84][85]	Date uncertain	Australia	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1e Other mammals
Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)	Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)[86]	Date uncertain	Bangladesh	fishing, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Beech marten (Martes foina), Sable (M. zibellina) and Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula)	Beech marten (Martes foina),[87][88] Sable (M. zibellina) and Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula)	Date uncertain	Europe, Russia, India	fur, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Fisher (Pekania pennanti)	Fisher (Pekania pennanti)	Date uncertain	North America	fur, research, pest control, education, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica)	Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica)[89]	Date uncertain	Russia	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Greater (Galictis vittata) and Lesser grisons (G. cuja)	Greater (Galictis vittata) and Lesser grisons (G. cuja)	Date uncertain	South America	pest control, hunting, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus)	Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus)	Date uncertain	Argentina, Chile	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)	Raccoon (Procyon lotor)[90]	Date uncertain	North America	pest control, show, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
South American (Nasua nasua) and White-nosed coatis (N. narica)	South American (Nasua nasua)[91] and White-nosed coatis (N. narica)	Date uncertain	South America, Costa Rica	pest control, show, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus), Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)	Ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus), Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)[92]	Date uncertain	North America, Central America	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and Northern tamanduas (T. mexicana)	Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and Northern tamanduas (T. mexicana)[93][94]	Date uncertain	South America, Central America	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1e Other mammals
Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and Mountain pacas (C. taczanowskii)	Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and Mountain pacas (C. taczanowskii)	Date uncertain	Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador	meat, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)	Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)[95]	Date uncertain	Ghana, Nigeria	meat, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura)	Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura)[96]	Date uncertain	Vietnam, China	meat, quills, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Chinese (Rhizomys sinensis) and Large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis)	Chinese (Rhizomys sinensis) and Large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis)	Date uncertain	China	meat, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)	Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)[97]	Date uncertain	China, Laos	meat, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides)	Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides)	Date uncertain	Cuba	meat, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus)	Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus)	Date uncertain	Eurasian Steppe	pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus)	Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus)	20th century	Northern Fennoscandia	pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Pale and lesser gerbils (Gerbillus perpallidus, G. gerbillus)	Pale and lesser gerbils (Gerbillus perpallidus, G. gerbillus)	Date uncertain	Egypt	pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus)	Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus)[98]	Date uncertain	Russia	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)	Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)[99]	Date uncertain	Europe	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1d Rodentia
Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), Black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguanas (C. pectinata)	Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), Black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguanas (C. pectinata)	Date uncertain	Mexico, Central America	pets		Captive bred		3b Lacertilia
Chinese cobra (Naja atra)	Chinese cobra (Naja atra)	Date uncertain	China	venom, skins, pets		Captive bred		3a Serpentes
Crimson, Eastern, Western, Green, Pale-headed and Northern rosellas (Platycercus elegans, P. eximius, P. icterotis, P. caledonicus, P. adscitus and P. venustus)	Crimson, Eastern, Western, Green, Pale-headed and Northern rosellas (Platycercus elegans, P. eximius, P. icterotis, P. caledonicus, P. adscitus and P. venustus)	Date uncertain	Australia	pets		Semidomesticated		2e Psittaciformes
Red-eared, yellow-bellied, and Cumberland sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans, T. s. scripta, and T. s. troostii)	Red-eared, yellow-bellied, and Cumberland sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans, T. s. scripta, and T. s. troostii)	Date uncertain	United States, especially the southeastern United States	pets, meat		Easy to domesticate	Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild	3c Other reptiles
Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)	Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[100]	Date uncertain	China	pets, meat		Captive bred		3c Other reptiles
Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii), Yellow pond turtle (M. mutica)	Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii), Yellow pond turtle (M. mutica)[101]	Date uncertain	China	pets, meat		Captive bred		3c Other reptiles
Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)	Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)[102]	Date uncertain	Florida	pets, meat		Captive bred		3c Other reptiles
Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata)	Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata)	Date uncertain	China	pets, meat		Captive bred		3c Other reptiles
Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri)	Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri)	Date uncertain	China	pets, meat		Captive bred		3c Other reptiles
Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)	Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)[103]	Date uncertain	China	meat, medicine, pets		Captive bred		3c Other reptiles
Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)	Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)[104]	Date uncertain	Brazil	meat, pets		Captive bred		3c Other reptiles
Nile (Crocodylus niloticus), West African (C. suchus), Siamese, (C. siamensis), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), American (C. acutus), Freshwater (C. johnsoni), Philippine (C. mindorensis), Saltwater (C. porosus), New Guinea (C. novaeguineae) and Mugger crocodile (C. palustris)	Nile (Crocodylus niloticus), West African (C. suchus), Siamese, (C. siamensis), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), American (C. acutus), Freshwater (C. johnsoni), Philippine (C. mindorensis), Saltwater (C. porosus), New Guinea (C. novaeguineae) and Mugger crocodile (C. palustris) [105][106][107][108][109][110]	Date uncertain	Africa, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Florida, India, Australia, Philippines, Thailand, Papua New Guinea	meat, hides, teeth, pets, guarding, tourism, show		Captive bred		3c Other reptiles
Crimson finch (Neochmia phaeton)	Crimson finch (Neochmia phaeton)	Date uncertain	New Guinea and northern Australia	pets, show		Held/tame in captivity		2d Passeriformes
Star finch (Neochmia ruficauda)	Star finch (Neochmia ruficauda)	Date uncertain	Australia	pets, show		Held/tame in captivity		2d Passeriformes
Grey partridge (Perdix perdix)	Grey partridge (Perdix perdix)	Date uncertain	Hungary, United Kingdom	meat, feathers, eggs, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), Chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara)	Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), Chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara)	Date uncertain	France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman	meat, feathers, eggs, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Chinese (Bambusicola thoracicus) and Mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii)	Chinese (Bambusicola thoracicus) and Mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii)	Date uncertain	China, India	meat, feathers, eggs, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus)	Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus)	Date uncertain	Nepal	meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi)	Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi)	Date uncertain	Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam	meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Scaled (Callipepla squamata), Gambel's (C. gambelii), and California quails (C. californica)	Scaled (Callipepla squamata), Gambel's (C. gambelii), and California quails (C. californica)	Date uncertain	Mexico, Utah, California	meat, feathers, eggs, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus)	Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus)	Date uncertain	California	meat, feathers, eggs, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae)	Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae)	Date uncertain	Mexico	meat, feathers, eggs, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum)	Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum)	Date uncertain	Ethiopia	meat, pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), Rain (C. coromandelica), and Stubble quails (C. pectoralis)	Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), Rain (C. coromandelica), and Stubble quails (C. pectoralis)	Date uncertain	Africa, India, Australia	meat, feathers, eggs, pets		Held/tame in captivity		2b Galliformes
Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)	Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)[111]	Date uncertain	Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore	nests		Held/tame in captivity		2f Other birds
Tarantula (Brachypelma spp. et al.)	Mexican redknee tarantula (Brachypelma smithi) and others	Date uncertain	Mexico	pets, research		Captive bred	Common in captivity, getting rare in the wild.	6c Other arthropods
Crested gecko (Rhacodactylus ciliatus)	Crested gecko (Rhacodactylus ciliatus)	Date uncertain	New Caledonia	pets		Captive bred	Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in wild	3b Lacertilia
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)	Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)[112]	Date uncertain	Florida	meat		Held/tame in captivity		1e Other mammals
Sable (Hippotragus niger) and Roan antelopes (H. equinus)	Sable (Hippotragus niger),[113] and Roan antelopes (H. equinus)[114]	Date uncertain	South Africa	meat, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), Nyala (T. angasii), Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus)	Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros),[115] Nyala (T. angasii),[116] Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus)	Date uncertain	South Africa	meat, hides, horns, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Blue (Connochaetes taurinus) and Black wildebeests (C. gnou)	Blue (Connochaetes taurinus)[117] and Black wildebeests (C. gnou)[118]	Date uncertain	South Africa, Kenya	meat, hides, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) including subspecies Blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)	Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) including subspecies Blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)[119]	Date uncertain	South Africa	meat, hides, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)	Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)	Date uncertain	India, Pakistan	meat, hides, horns, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata)	Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata)	date uncertain	Southeast Asia	pets, research		Slight physical changes	Fairly common in captivity and the wild	2d Passeriformes
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)	Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)	Date uncertain	India, Pakistan	meat, hides, horns, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Chinkara (Gazella bennettii)	Chinkara (Gazella bennettii)	Date uncertain	India, Pakistan	meat, horns, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)	Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)[120]	Date uncertain	South Africa	meat, hides, horns, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)	Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)[121]	Date uncertain	North Africa	meat, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon)	European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon)[122]	Date uncertain	Europe	meat, wool, hides, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)	African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)[123]	Date uncertain	South Africa	meat, leather, horns		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)	Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)[124]	Date uncertain	North America	meat		Held/tame in captivity		1b Bovidae
Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)	Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)[125]	Date uncertain	Brazil	meat, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
South African giraffe (Giraffa giraffa giraffa)	South African giraffe (Giraffa giraffa giraffa)	Date uncertain	South Africa	tourism, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)	Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)[126]	Date uncertain	China	meat, antlers		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and Mule deer (O. hemionus)	White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus)[127] and Mule deer (O. hemionus)	Date uncertain	Virginia, West Virginia, Colombia, Florida, Montana	meat, antlers, hides, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Chital (Axis axis)	Chital (Axis axis)	Date uncertain	India	meat, hides, antlers, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Water deer (Hydropotes inermis)	Water deer (Hydropotes inermis)	Date uncertain	China	meat, tusks		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), Alpine (M. chrysogaster), White-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)	Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), Alpine (M. chrysogaster), White-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)[128][129][130]	Date uncertain	China, India	meat, tusks, musk, hides		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)	Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)[131]	Date uncertain	Peru	fibre, pets, guarding		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)	Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)[132]	Date uncertain	Peru	fibre, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), African forest elephant (L. cyclotis)	African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana),[133][134] African forest elephant (L. cyclotis)[135]	Date uncertain	South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Congo Basin, Kenya	mount, tourism, mine detection, patrol, work		Semidomesticated (Captured from wild and tamed)		1e Other mammals
Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)	Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)[136]	Date uncertain	South Africa	horns		Held/tame in captivity		1e Other mammals
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)	Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)[137]	Date uncertain	South Africa	horns		Held/tame in captivity		1e Other mammals
Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and Rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus)	Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and Rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus)[138][139]	Date uncertain	India	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) including subspecies Siberian lynx (L. lynx wrangeli) and Carpathian lynx (L. lynx carpathicus)	Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and appropriate subspecies[140][141]	Date uncertain	Europe, Russia	pest control, show, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)	Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)[142][143][144][145]	Date uncertain	South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria	hunting, guarding, waste management, show, tourism, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) including subspecies Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus)	Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) including subspecies Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus)	Date uncertain	China, Japan	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnvora
Arctic (Vulpes lagopus), Red (V. vulpes) Fennec (V. zerda), Corsac (V. corsac), Pale (V. pallida), Swift (V. velox) and Kit foxes (V. macrotis)	Arctic (Vulpes lagopus), Red (V. vulpes) Fennec (V. zerda),[146] Corsac (V. corsac), Pale (V. pallida), Swift (V. velox) and Kit foxes (V. macrotis)[147]	Date uncertain	Europe, North America, North Africa, Central Asia, Sudan	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Island (Urocyon littoralis) and Gray foxes (U. cinereoargenteus)	Island (Urocyon littoralis)[148] and Gray foxes (U. cinereoargenteus)	Date uncertain	Channel Islands, Eastern United States	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis)	Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis)	Date uncertain	Africa	pest control, show, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)	Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)[149]	Date uncertain	South America	pest control, pets		Easy to domesticate		1c Carnivora
Dingo (Canis lupus dingo), New Guinea singing dog (C. l. hallstromi), Eurasian wolf (C. l. lupus), Steppe wolf (C. l. campestris), Mongolian wolf (C. l. chanco), Arabian wolf (C. l. arabs), Arctic wolf (C. l. arctos), Northwestern wolf (C. l. occidentalis)	Dingo (Canis lupus dingo),[150] New Guinea singing dog (C. l. hallstromi), Eurasian wolf (C. l. lupus), Steppe wolf (C. l. campestris), Mongolian wolf (C. l. chanco), Arabian wolf (C. l. arabs), Arctic wolf (C. l. arctos), Northwestern wolf (C. l. occidentalis)[151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158]	Date uncertain	Australia, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Middle East, Canada	guarding, pest control, warmth, hunting, tourism, education, research, show, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)	Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)[159]	Date uncertain	South Africa	pest control, show, pets, research		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus)	Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus)	Date uncertain	West Africa	pets, pest control		Captive bred		1c Carnivora
Ruddy mongoose (Herpestes smithii), Javan mongoose (H. javanicus)	Ruddy mongoose (Herpestes smithii),[160] Javan mongoose (H. javanicus)[161]	Date uncertain	India, Southeast Asia	pest control, pets		Held/tame in captivity		1c Carnivora
Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii)	Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii)	Date uncertain	Thailand, Indonesia	meat, pets		Domesticated		5b Other fish
Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)	Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)[162][163]	Date uncertain	Southeast Asia	meat, weed control, pets		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri and P. piraya)	Red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) and San Francisco piranha (P. piraya)	Date uncertain	South America	meat, pets, research, teeth		Semidomesticated	Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild	5b Other fish
Southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii), Pacific bluefin, (T. orientalis), Bigeye (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic bluefin (T. thynnus), and Yellowfin tunas (T. albacares)	Southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii), Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis), Bigeye (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic bluefin (T. thynnus), and Yellowfin tunas (T. albacares)[164][165]	Date uncertain	North America, Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii	meat, eggs		Captive bred		5b Other fish
White (Acipenser transmontanus), Shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and Starry sturgeon (A. stellatus)	White (Acipenser transmontanus), Shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and Starry sturgeon (A. stellatus)[166][167][168]	Date uncertain	Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania Aegean Sea	meat, eggs		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), Giant (E. lanceolatus), Greasy (Epinephelus tauvina), Areolate (Epinephelus areolatus), Dusky (Epinephelus marginatus) and Orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)	Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), Giant (E. lanceolatus), Greasy (Epinephelus tauvina), Areolate (Epinephelus areolatus) Dusky (Epinephelus marginatus) and Orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)[169][170][171]	Date uncertain	Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy	meat		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Masu salmon (O. masou), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha)	Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Masu salmon (O. masou), Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha)	Date uncertain	Europe, North America, Asia	meat, eggs		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), Brown trout (S. trutta)	Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), Brown trout (S. trutta)	Date uncertain	Europe, United Kingdom, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania, Alaska	meat, eggs		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)	Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)[172]	Date uncertain	United Kingdom, Poland, United States, India, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Australia	meat, pets		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)	Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)	Date uncertain	United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico	meat		Captive bred		5b Other fish
European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)	European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)	Date uncertain	Europe	meat		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Milkfish (Chanos chanos)	Milkfish (Chanos chanos)[173]	Date uncertain	Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia	meat		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Northern pike (Esox lucius)	Northern pike (Esox lucius)[174]	Date uncertain	Europe	meat, pets, research, eggs		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban gar (A. tristoechus) and Tropical gar (A. tropicus)	Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban gar (A. tristoechus) and Tropical gar (A. tropicus)[175][176][177]	Date uncertain	North America, Cuba, Costa Rica	meat, pets		Captive bred		5 Other fish
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)	Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)	Date uncertain	China	meat, weed control		Held/tame in captivity		5a Cyprinidae
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)	Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)	Date uncertain	China	meat, pest control, medicine		Held/tame in captivity		5a Cyprinidae
Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)	Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)	Date uncertain	China	meat		Held/tame in captivity		5a Cyprinidae
Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)	Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)[178]	Date uncertain	Vietnam	meat		Held/tame in captivity		5a Cyprinidae
Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)	Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)[179][180]	Date uncertain	Amazon Basin	meat, pets		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)	Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)[181]	Date uncertain	Europe	meat		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)	Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)[182]	Date uncertain	Southeast Asia	meat, pets		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)	Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)[183]	Date uncertain	California, Colorado	meat		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Green chromide (Etroplus suratensis)	Green chromide (Etroplus suratensis)[184]	Date uncertain	India	meat, pets		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus)	Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus)	Date uncertain	Caribbean Sea	meat, tourism		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)	Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)[185]	Date uncertain	Gulf of Mexico	meat, research		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Japanese (Seriola quinqueradiata), Greater (S. dumerili), and Yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); Almaco jack (S. rivoliana)	Japanese (Seriola quinqueradiata), Greater (S. dumerili), and Yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); Almaco jack (S. rivoliana)[186][187]	Date uncertain	Japan, Mediterranean Sea, Chile, Hawaii	meat		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and Olive flounder (P. olivaceus)	Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and Olive flounder (P. olivaceus)[188]	1980s	United States, Japan, China, Korea	meat		Captive bred		5b Other fish
European eel (Anguilla anguilla), American eel (A. rostrata), Short-finned eel (A. australis), New Zealand longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and Japanese eel (A. japonica)	European (Anguilla anguilla), American (A. rostrata), Short-finned (A. australis), New Zealand longfin (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and Japanese eels (A. japonica)[189][190][191][192]	Date uncertain	Europe, North America, Asia, New Zealand, Australia	meat, pets		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria)	Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria)	Date uncertain	Australia	honey, pollination		Held/tame in captivity		6a Hymenoptera
Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia)	Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia)	Date uncertain	Central and South America	animal feed, pets		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Mealworm and Superworm (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio)	Larvae of darkling beetles (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio)	Date uncertain	Europe	animal feed, meat, research		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)	Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)	Date uncertain	United States	research		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)	Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)[193]	Date uncertain	United States	meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Waxworm (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella)	Larvae of lesser and greater wax moths (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella)	Date uncertain	Europe ?	animal feed, bait, research, meat		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)	Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)[194]	Date uncertain	Southern Africa	meat, silk		Captive bred		6b Other insects
American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)	American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)[195]	Date uncertain	North America	meat, pets, medicine		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata)	Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata)[196][197][198][199]	Date uncertain	Hawaii	research		Captive bred		6b Other insects
Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)	Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)[200]	Date uncertain	China	meat, medicine, pets		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)	Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)[201]	Date uncertain	Japan, Korea	meat, pets		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Common (Octopus vulgaris), Common Sydney (O. tetricus), Big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot ( O. bimaculoides), Gould (O. mimus), Long arm (O. minor) and Caribbean reef octopus (O. briareus)	Common (Octopus vulgaris), Common Sydney (O. tetricus), Big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot ( O. bimaculoides), Gould (O. mimus), Long arm (O. minor) and Caribbean reef octopus (O. briareus)[202][203][204][205][206][207]	Date uncertain	Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, Caribbean Sea	meat, ink, pets, research		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Webfoot octopus (Amphioctopus fangsiao)	Webfoot octopus (Amphioctopus fangsiao)[208]	Date uncertain	South Korea	meat, pets		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)	Bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)[209][210]	Date uncertain	Southeast Asia, Japan	meat, research, ink		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea)	Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea)	Date uncertain	Europe	meat, shells		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Garden snail (Cornu aspersum)	Garden snail (Cornu aspersum)	Date uncertain	Europe	meat, shells, pets		Captive bred		7 Other animals
African giant snail (Achatina achatina)	African giant snail (Achatina achatina)[211]	Date uncertain	Ghana	meat, shells, pets		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Giant East African snail (Lissachatina fulica)	Giant East African snail (Lissachatina fulica)[212]	Date uncertain	East Africa	meat, shells, pets		Captive bred		7 Other animals
Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) and Inshore hagfish (E. burgeri)	Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) and Inshore hagfish (E. burgeri)[213][214]	Date uncertain	United States, South Korea, Japan	meat, slime, skins		Captive bred		5b Other fish
Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)	Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)[215]	Date uncertain	Asia	meat, blood, eggs, pets		Captive bred		6c Other arthropods
Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus)	Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus)	Date uncertain	North America	meat, blood, research, pets		Captive bred		6c Other arthropods
Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas)	Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas)	Date uncertain	Japan, China, India	meat, blood, pets		Captive bred		6c Other arthropods
Mud crab (Scylla serrata)	Mud crab (Scylla serrata)	Date uncertain	Asia	meat, pets		Captive bred		6c Other arthropods
Red (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Blue king crabs (P. platypus)	Red (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Blue king crabs (P. platypus)[216][217]	Date uncertain	Japan, Russia, Alaska	meat		Captive bred		6c Other arthropods
Blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus)	Blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus)[218][219]	Date uncertain	Australia	meat		Captive bred		6c Other arthropods
Spanner crab (Ranina ranina)	Spanner crab (Ranina ranina)[220]	Date uncertain	Australia	meat		Captive bred		6c Other arthropods
European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus)	European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus)[221][222][223]	Date uncertain	Europe, United States	meat		Captive bred		6c Other arthropods
American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)	American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)	Date uncertain	North America	meat, pets		Captive bred		4a Anura
Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and Marsh frogs (P. ridibundus)	Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and Marsh frogs (P. ridibundus)[224]	Date uncertain	Europe	meat		Captive bred		4a Anura
Pig frog (Lithobates grylio)	Pig frog (Lithobates grylio)	Date uncertain	China	meat		Captive bred		4a Anura
Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)	Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)	Date uncertain	Java	meat		Captive bred		4a Anura
Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus), Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus)	Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus), Indus Valley bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus)	Date uncertain	China, Thailand	meat, pets		Captive bred		4a Anura
Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa)	Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa)	Date uncertain	China	meat		Captive bred		4a Anura