Umbel


An umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) which spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botany in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade".[1] The arrangement can vary from being flat topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules[2] or umbellets.[3] A small umbel is called an umbellule.[3] The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).


Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.


An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.[3][4] A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.



Gallery





  • Compound umbel of a hemlock-parsley, Conioselinum pacificum (Apiaceae)







  • Compound umbel of a wild carrot, Daucus carota (Apiaceae)







  • Simple umbel of Fatsia japonica (Araliaceae)







  • Involucrate simple umbels of Primula veris.





References




  1. ^ umbel etymology


  2. ^ Menglan She, Fading Pu, Zehui Pan, Mark Watson, John F. M. Cannon, Ingrid Holmes-Smith, Eugene V. Kljuykov, Loy R. Phillippe & Michael G. Pimenov. "Apiaceae Lindley". Flora of China. 14. Retrieved 15 January 2019 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link).mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ abc Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Publishing.


  4. ^ Walters, D.R.; Keil, D.J. (1975). Vascular Plant Taxonomy. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.




Further reading



  • Hinderer, Walter; Noé, Wolfgang; Seitz, Hanns Ulrich (1983). "Differentiation of metabolic pathways in the umbel of Daucus carota". Phytochemistry. 22 (11): 2417–2420. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(83)80131-9. ISSN 0031-9422.


  • Toben, H.-M.; Rudoph, K (1996). "Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola, Incitant of Bacterial Umbel Blight and Seed Decay of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Germany". Journal of Phytopathology. 144 (4): 169–178. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1996.tb01510.x. ISSN 0931-1785.


  • Peterson, L. E.; Clark, R. J.; Menary, R. C. (1993). "Umbel Initiation and Stem Elongation in Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)Initiated by Photoperiod". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 5 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1080/10412905.1993.9698168. ISSN 1041-2905.







-

Popular posts from this blog

How to check contact read email or not when send email to Individual?

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP up vote 1 down vote favorite I'm using WordPress 4.9.8, CiviCRM to 5.5.1, I usually send email to contact by Search> Find contacts View contact details Action> Send email Send email ok, Contact received mail ok like picture But status only Email sent though contact read email or not. So, can CiviCRM can change status to Email read when contact read email? wordpress email share | improve this question asked Sep 26 at 0:12 ToanLuong 49 9 add a comment  |  up vote 1 down vote favorite I'm using WordPress 4.9.8, CiviCRM to 5.5.1, I usually send email to contact by Search> Find contacts View contact details Action> Send email Send email ok, Contact received mail ok like picture But status only Email sent though contact read email or not. So, can CiviCRM can change status to Email read when contact read email? wordpress email share | improve this question asked Se
Read more

Bahrain

Image
For other uses, see Bahrain (disambiguation). Sovereign island state in the Persian Gulf Kingdom of Bahrain مملكة البحرين   (Arabic) Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn Flag Coat of arms Anthem:  نشيد البحرين الوطني Bahrainona Our Bahrain Location of   Bahrain    (circled in red) Capital and largest city Manama 26°13′N 50°35′E  /  26.217°N 50.583°E  / 26.217; 50.583 Official languages Arabic Ethnic groups (2010 [1] ) 50.7% Arab (46% Bahrani, 4.7% other Arabs) 45.5% Asian 1% European 1.2% Others Religion Islam Demonym(s) Bahraini Government Unitary constitutional monarchy • King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa • Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa • Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Legislature National Assembly • Upper house Consultative Council • Lower house Council of Representatives Independence • Declared Independence [2] 14 August 1971 • from United Kingdom [1] 15 August 1971 • Admitted to the United Nations 21 September 1971 • Kingdom of Bahrain 14 February 2002
Read more

Postfix configuration issue with fips on centos 7; mailgun relay

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP up vote 0 down vote favorite I am trying to setup postfix to relay all mail generated on the local machine via SMTP to a mailgun relay. I have used the mailgun relay before with success on an ubuntu server, but I am migrating to a Centos 7 server which I will be running in FIPS mode. There error log is below, slightly sanitized. I have a small enough network that I choose to have each machine reach out to mailgun individually (this the loopback-only, 127.0.0.0/8 restrictions) and no firewall open port allowing smtp in to the machine. I assume the FIPS mode (and with it disabling of MD5) is causing problems, but I don't know how to overcome it or if it is even possible for tls_fprint to use some supported hash such as sha256 or sha512. However, the relay=none is slightly concerning since I have relayhost set, but perhaps that is because the smtp process is failing? Any help would be appreciated! postconf -n: alias_database = hash:/etc/alia
Read more