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Dame Ngaio Marsh DBE
Ngaio Marsh circa 1935
Born	Edith Ngaio Marsh (1895-04-23)23 April 1895 Christchurch, New Zealand
Died	18 February 1982(1982-02-18) (aged 86) Christchurch, New Zealand
Occupation	Writer, theatre director
Language	English
Genre	Crime fiction
Literary movement	Golden Age of Detective Fiction
Relatives	Robert Speight (uncle)

Dame Ngaio Marsh DBE (/ˈnaɪ.oʊ/; 23 April 1895 – 18 February 1982), born Edith Ngaio Marsh, was a New Zealand crime writer and theatre director. She was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1966.^[1]

Marsh is known as one of the "Queens of Crime", along with Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, and Margery Allingham. She is known primarily for her character Inspector Roderick Alleyn, a gentleman detective who works for the Metropolitan Police (London).

The Ngaio Marsh Award is awarded annually for the best New Zealand mystery, crime and thriller fiction writing.^[1]

Youth

Ngaio Marsh with her two dolls c. 1905

Ngaio Marsh (school prefect) in her St. Margaret's College school uniform, between 1910 and 1914

Marsh was born in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, where she also died. The origin of the name "Ngaio" is a Maori word which is the name of a flowering tree and also the name of an insect found in New Zealand. Her father neglected to register her birth until 1900 and there is some uncertainty about the date.^[2] She was the only child of Rose and bank clerk Henry Marsh, described by Marsh as "have-nots".^[3] Her mother's sister Ruth married the geologist, lecturer, and curator Robert Speight.^[4] Ngaio Marsh was educated at St Margaret's College in Christchurch, where she was one of the first students when the school was founded. She studied painting at the Canterbury College (NZ) School of Art before joining the Allan Wilkie company as an actress in 1916 and touring New Zealand.^[1] From 1928 she divided her time between living in New Zealand and the United Kingdom.^[5] From 1928 to 1932 she operated an interior decorating business in Knightsbridge, London.^[6]

Marsh was a member of The Group, an art association based in Christchurch, New Zealand. She exhibited with them in 1927; 1928; 1935; 1936; 1938; 1940; 1947.^[7][8]

Career

Internationally she is best known for her 32 detective novels published between 1934 and 1982. Along with Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham and Agatha Christie, she has been classed as one of the four original "Queens of Crime" — female writers who dominated the genre of crime fiction in the Golden Age of the 1920s and 1930s.^[1]

All her novels feature British CID detective Roderick Alleyn. Several novels feature Marsh's other loves, the theatre and painting. A number are set around theatrical productions (Enter a Murderer, Vintage Murder, Overture to Death, Opening Night, Death at the Dolphin, and Light Thickens), and three others are about actors off stage (Colour Scheme, False Scent and Final Curtain). Her short story "'I Can Find My Way Out" is also set around a theatrical production and is the earlier "Jupiter case" referred to in Opening Night. Alleyn marries a painter, Agatha Troy, whom he meets during an investigation (Artists in Crime), and who features in three later novels.^[1]

Most of the novels are set in England, but four are set in New Zealand, with Alleyn either on secondment to the New Zealand police (Colour Scheme, and Died in the Wool), or on holiday (Vintage Murder and Photo Finish); Surfeit of Lampreys begins in New Zealand but continues in London.

In 2018, HarperCollins Publishers released Money in the Morgue by Ngaio Marsh and Stella Duffy.^[9] The book was started by Marsh during World War II, but abandoned. Working with just the book's title, first three chapters and some notes—but no idea of the plot or motive of the villain—Duffy completed the novel, which has received widespread praise for its authenticity and seamless transition between the two authors' work.^[10]

Theatre

Marsh's great passion was the theatre.^[1] In 1942 she produced a modern-dress Hamlet for the Canterbury University College Drama Society (now University of Canterbury Dramatic Society Incorporated or Dramasoc^[11]), the first of many Shakespearean productions with the society until 1969. In 1944, Hamlet and a production of Othello toured a theatre-starved New Zealand to rapturous acclaim. In 1949, assisted by entrepreneur Dan O'Connor, her student players toured Australia with a new version of Othello and Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author. In the 1950s she was involved with the New Zealand Players, a relatively short-lived national professional touring repertory company. In 1972 she was invited by the Christchurch City Council to direct Shakespeare's Henry V, the inaugural production for the opening of the newly constructed James Hay Theatre in Christchurch; she made the unusual choice of casting two male leads, who alternated on different nights.

She lived to see New Zealand set up with a viable professional theatre industry with realistic Arts Council support, with many of her protégés to the forefront. The 430-seat Ngaio Marsh Theatre at the University of Canterbury is named in her honour.^[12] Her home on the Cashmere Hills is preserved as a museum.^[13]

Awards and honours

• 1948: OBE for services to NZ theatre^[14]


• 1962: honorary doctorate by the University of Canterbury^[14][15]


• 1966: Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for her contribution to theatre in New Zealand^[14][15]


• 1978: Grand Master Award for lifetime achievement as a detective novelist from the Mystery Writers of America^[1][16]


• 2015: Marsh was honoured on 23 April 2015 with a Google Doodle^[16]

Personal life

Marsh never married and had no children.^[1] She enjoyed close companionships with women, including her lifelong friend Sylvia Fox, but denied being lesbian, according to biographer Joanne Drayton.^[3]
"I think Ngaio Marsh wanted the freedom of being who she was in a world, especially in a New Zealand that was still very conformist in its judgments of what constituted ‘decent jokers, good Sheilas, and ‘weirdos'", Roy Vaughan wrote after meeting her on a P&O Liner.^[17] In 1965 she published an autobiography, Black Beech and Honeydew. British author and publisher Margaret Lewis wrote an authorized biography, Ngaio Marsh, A Life in 1991. New Zealand art historian Joanne Drayton's biography, Ngaio Marsh: Her Life in Crime was published in 2008. Towards the end of her life she systematically destroyed many of her papers, letters, documents and handwritten manuscripts.^[1]

Having previously been awarded an OBE, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1966, for "distinguished services in the arts, especially writing and theatre production".^[18]

She died in Christchurch, and was buried at the Church of the Holy Innocents, Mount Peel.^[6]

Bibliography

Detective novels

All 32 novels feature Chief Inspector Alleyn (later Chief Superintendent) of the Criminal Investigation Department, Metropolitan Police (London). The series is chronological: published and probably written in order of the fictional history.^[19]

Short fiction

Death on the Air and Other Stories, first published in 1995 (U.K.), includes five short fictions in the Alleyn series, three previously published stories and two original biographical essays.

Other stories

• 
  Moonshine. (Christchurch) Sun, date unknown; reprinted in 1936 in Yours and Mine: Stories by Young New Zealanders ed. Warwick Lawrence ^[20]


• 
  I Can Find My Way Out (1946—USA)


• 
  Chapter and Verse: The Little Copplestone Mystery (1974—USA). Republished 1936—NZ,2009) ^[21]


• 
  The Hand in the Sand. American Weekly, 15 March 1953


• 
  My Poor Boy (1959)


• 
  The Cupid Mirror (1972)


• 
  A Fool about Money (1973—USA)


• 
  Evil Liver (script of an episode of the series Crown Court by Granada Television Ltd; recorded in England in 1975). Broadcast ITV, 23 August 1975


• 
  Morepork (1979—USA)

Non-fiction

• 
  New Zealand (1942)


• 
  Black Beech and Honeydew (1965, autobiography; revised 1981)


• 
  Singing Land (1974)

Short non-fiction articles

• 
  Theatre in a Young Country. Sydney Morning Herald, 29 April 1951

Adaptations

Two novels were adapted as television episodes in the 1960s; Death in Ecstasy in 1964 with Geoffrey Keen as Alleyn,^[22] and Artists in Crime in 1968 with Michael Allinson as Alleyn.^[23]

Four of the Alleyn novels were adapted for television in New Zealand and aired there in 1977 under the title Ngaio Marsh Theatre, with George Baker as Alleyn.^[24]

Nine were adapted as The Inspector Alleyn Mysteries and aired by the BBC in 1993 and 1994 (the pilot originally in 1990), with Simon Williams (pilot) and then Patrick Malahide as Alleyn.^[25]

In the 1990s the BBC made radio adaptations of Surfeit of Lampreys, A Man Lay Dead, Opening Night, and When in Rome starring Jeremy Clyde as Inspector Alleyn.

Ngaio Marsh co-wrote a 1951 episode Night at the Vulcan of the Philco Television Playhouse;^[26] and appeared as herself in the sixth episode The Central Problem^[27] in a television series of the unfinished Charles Dickens mystery novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood ^[28]

References

Further reading

• 
  Harding, Bruce (2007). "Ngaio Marsh, 1895–1982". Kōtare: New Zealand Notes & Queries (Special Issue). Retrieved 2008-04-15.
  


• 
  Lewis, Margaret (1991). Ngaio Marsh: A Life. Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0 7012 0985 2.
  


• 
  Drayton, Joanne (2008). Ngaio Marsh: Her Life in Crime. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0007328680.
  

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ngaio Marsh.

• Image of Ngaio Marsh as Hamlet


• Images of Ngaio Marsh


• Dame Ngaio Marsh's Christchurch Home, open to visit


• Ngaio Marsh at Timaru (from NZBC Sound Archives)


• 
  Ngaio Marsh on IMDb


• 
  "Ngaio Marsh (silhouette)". 'The Press in Papers Past. 17 May 1935.