Machilipatnam
Machilipatnam Masulipatnam, Masula, Bandar | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Koneru centre, the business centre of Machilipatnam | |
  Machilipatnam Location in Andhra Pradesh, India Show map of Andhra Pradesh  Machilipatnam Machilipatnam (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates: 16°10′N 81°08′E / 16.17°N 81.13°E / 16.17; 81.13Coordinates: 16°10′N 81°08′E / 16.17°N 81.13°E / 16.17; 81.13 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Krishna |
| Mandal | Machilipatnam |
| Founded | 14th century |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Machilipatnam Municipal Corporation |
| • MLA | Kollu Ravindra (Telugu Desam Party) |
| • Municipal commissioner | A.S.N.V. Maruthi Diwakar |
| Area [1] | |
| • Total | 26.67 km2 (10.30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 14 m (46 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| • Total | 169,892 |
| • Density | 6,875/km2 (17,810/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 521001 |
| Telephone code | 91-08672 |
| Vehicle registration | AP-16 |
| Website | machilipatnam.cdma.ap.gov.in |
Machilipatnam (
pronunciation (help·info)), also known as Masulipatnam and Bandar, is a town in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of Krishna district.[3] It is also the mandal headquarters of Machilipatnam mandal in Machilipatnam revenue division of the district.[4][5] The ancient port town served as the settlement of European traders from the 16th century, and it was a major trading port for the British, Dutch and French in the seventeenth century.[6]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Geography
3.1 Climate
4 Demographics
5 Governance
5.1 Civic administration
5.2 Politics
6 Economy
7 Culture
7.1 Art and handicrafts
7.2 Dance
7.3 Cuisine
7.4 Religious worship
8 Tourism
9 Transport
10 Education
11 Famous people
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Etymology
During the 17th century, it was known by the names Masulipatnam, Masula and Bandar (translates to port in Turkish, Arabic and Persian).[7][8][9] The port town in the ancient times was also referred with the name Maesolia.[10]
History
Masulipatam port in 1759
View of Masulipatnam in 1676
The town has existed since the 3rd century BCE (Satavahana period) when, according to Ptolemy, it was known as Maisolos. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea calls it Masalia in the 1st-century BCE.[11] The port is on the southeastern, or Coromandel Coast, of India. At the mouth of the River Krishna on the Bay of Bengal, the Masula port saw flourishing sea trade.
Muslin was traded by ancient Greeks from the town and the word muslin originated from the name Maisolos.[12] Muslin was an important source of income for the town, being a favorite of Roman traders for domestic consumption. Several Roman coins were found during excavations of Buddhist towns near Machilipatnam.[13]
The town was the district headquarters of the then, Masulipatnam district and now to the Krishna district, which was formed in 1859 in the composite Madras state.[5]
The Machilipatnam port served as the principal seaport of the Golconda Kingdom (more anciently named Telangana) from the 15th to 17th centuries.[14]
Geography
Machilipatnam city is at 16°10′N 81°08′E / 16.17°N 81.13°E / 16.17; 81.13 on the southeast coast of India and in the east coast of Andhra Pradesh.[15] The city has an average elevation of 14 meters (45 feet).[16]
Climate
Machilipatnam city gets most of its annual rainfall due to the southwest monsoon. It has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) with hot summers and moderate winters. The hottest months are between April and June. The average normal rainfall in the district is 959 millimetres (37.8 in).
Machilipatnam city is frequently hit by cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal. The Andhra Pradesh coast between Ongole and Machilipatnam is vulnerable to high surges of the sea due to cyclones. The 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone crossed the coast near Nizampatnam and took approximately 10,000 lives. As the storm approached the coast, gale winds reaching 200 km/h lashed Prakasam, Guntur, Krishna, East Godavari and West Godavari districts. A storm surge, 5 meters high, inundated the Krishna estuary and the coast south of Machilipatnam city (Bandar).
On 8 December 2004, a high capacity S-Band Doppler cyclone warning radar was installed, commissioned and made operational at the city.[17] It is from a German manufacturer, Gematronik. With the installation of the radar, the state will be better equipped to track cyclones by the onset of monsoon, according to an official from the State Met Office talking to the newspaper The Hindu. This facility will monitor the 960 km long coastline of the state.[18]
| Climate data for Machilipatnam | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.4 (90.3) | 34.6 (94.3) | 38.1 (100.6) | 41.8 (107.2) | 46.5 (115.7) | 45.4 (113.7) | 40.8 (105.4) | 38.6 (101.5) | 36.8 (98.2) | 37.2 (99.0) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.0 (91.4) | 46.5 (115.7) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 28.5 (83.3) | 30.2 (86.4) | 32.5 (90.5) | 34.6 (94.3) | 37.3 (99.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 33.7 (92.7) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.6 (88.9) | 30.1 (86.2) | 28.8 (83.8) | 32.4 (90.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.8 (74.8) | 25.5 (77.9) | 27.5 (81.5) | 30.2 (86.4) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.4 (90.3) | 29.7 (85.5) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.9 (84.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 24.3 (75.7) | 28.1 (82.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) | 20.8 (69.4) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.0 (80.6) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.0 (75.2) | 21.6 (70.9) | 19.9 (67.8) | 23.7 (74.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 21.0 (69.8) | 18.8 (65.8) | 18.8 (65.8) | 18.1 (64.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 15.3 (59.5) | 14.6 (58.3) | 14.0 (57.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2 (0.1) | 7 (0.3) | 6 (0.2) | 10 (0.4) | 35 (1.4) | 117 (4.6) | 195 (7.7) | 184 (7.2) | 167 (6.6) | 242 (9.5) | 86 (3.4) | 19 (0.7) | 1,070 (42.1) |
| Average rainy days | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 7.7 | 13.8 | 12.6 | 10.4 | 9.2 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 65.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 75 | 73 | 73 | 66 | 62 | 72 | 74 | 78 | 79 | 75 | 75 | 73 |
| Source #1: NOAA (1971–1990)[19] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Climate-Data.org[20] | |||||||||||||
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1871 | 36,188 | — |
| 1881 | 35,056 | −3.1% |
| 1891 | 38,809 | +10.7% |
| 1901 | 39,507 | +1.8% |
| 1911 | 42,123 | +6.6% |
| 1921 | 43,940 | +4.3% |
| 1931 | 56,928 | +29.6% |
| 1941 | 59,146 | +3.9% |
| 1951 | 77,953 | +31.8% |
| 1961 | 101,417 | +30.1% |
| 1971 | 112,612 | +11.0% |
| 1981 | 138,525 | +23.0% |
| 1991 | 159,110 | +14.9% |
| 2001 | 179,353 | +12.7% |
| 2011 | 169,892 | −5.3% |
Demographics
As of 2011[update]census, Machilipatnam had a population of 1,70,008. The total population constitutes 83,561 males and 86,447 females — a sex ratio of 1035 females per 1000 males. 13,778 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 7,076 are boys and 6,702 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 83.32% with 130,173 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 67.41%.[2][21]
Governance
Civic administration
Machilipatnam Municipal Corporation is the civic body of the city. It was constituted as a municipality in 1866 and was upgraded to corporation from special grade municipality on 9 December 2015.[22][23] It covers an area of 26.67 km2 (10.30 sq mi) under its jurisdiction. The present commissioner of the corporation is Sampath and the municipal chairperson is Motamarri Venkata Baba Prasad.[24]
Machilipatnam Urban Development Authority is the urban planning authority, headquartered at Machilipatnam.[25]
Politics
Machilipatnam is a part of Machilipatnam (Assembly constituency) for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Kollu Ravindra is the present MLA of the constituency from the Telugu Desam Party.[26][27] The assembly segment is also a part of Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency), which was won by Konakalla Narayana Rao of Telugu Desam Party.[28]
Economy
Machilipatnam is known for its handloom industry, which produces Kalamkari textiles exported to United States and other Asian countries.
The other notable industries are boat building and fishing.[29] Machilipatnam was a trading base for the Europeans in the 17th century and known for minting copper coins, exporting diamonds, textiles etc., through the port.[30] The state government is taking measures to bring back the glory of the former port city. It has planned to set up Machilipatnam deep seaport and its associated industrial corridor under the Machilipatnam Area Development Authority. This move is expected to generate employment to over 25,000 people.[29][31]
Culture
Bandar laddu hand moulded
Art and handicrafts
Machilipatnam Kalamkari is a handcrafted dyed block-painting of a fabric.[32] It is performed at the nearby town of Pedana and was registered with geographical indication from Andhra Pradesh.[33] Machilipatnam and Srikalahasti styles are the only existing Kalamkari style works present in India.[34]
Dance
Kuchipudi, a popular Indian Classical Dance form, originated at Kuchipudi, 25 kilometres from Machilipatnam.
Cuisine
The city is well known for a sweet known as Bandar Laddu.[35]
Religious worship
There are many religions with worship centers in and around the city, such as Panduranga Temple at Chilakalapudi, Agastheeswara Temple etc. Dattashram is a pilgrimage site on the coast and home to ancient Shiva and Datta temples. Manginapudi is popularly known as "Datta Rameswaram" due to the consecration of 12 wells for bathing (recalling those at Rameswaram).[36]
Tourism
Manginapudi Beach is on the coast of the city.[37]
Transport
The city has a total road length of 359.09 km (223.13 mi).[38] The National Highway 65 connects Machilipatnam to Pune via Hyderabad, Suryapet and Vijayawada. NH 216 from Kattipudi to Ongole, passes through the city.
Machilipatnam bus station is owned and operated by Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation.[39][40] The station is equipped with a bus depot for storage and maintenance of buses.[41]
Machilipatnam railway station is a 'B–Category' and 'Adarsh station' under the jurisdiction of Vijayawada railway division.[42] It is the terminal station of Vijayawada-Machilipatnam branch line that connects Howrah-Chennai main line at Vijayawada.[43]
Machilipatnam port was damaged by a giant ocean wave on 1 November 1864.[30] Since then, there were many efforts to build a new port. Navayuga Engineering Company Limited is in the process of building a deep water port at Gilakaladinne of the city.[44]
The nearest domestic airport is Vijayawada Airport.
Education
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[45][46]Sri Venkateswara Public School is one of the public schools of the town.
Famous people
Divi Gopalacharlu - Ayurvedic scholar[47]
Pingali Venkayya - Freedom fighter
Mutnuri Krishna Rao - Freedom fighter, journalist
U G Krishnamurthy - Philosopher
Nalluri Moses Mohan First National Award Winner For Best Teacher In AP
Bhogaraju Pattabhisitaramayya - Freedom fighter
Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1887-10-15)October 15, 1887 Machilipatnam, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Andhra Pradesh, India) |
| Died | 15 March 1941(1941-03-15) (aged 53) |
| Occupation | Film Director, Film Producer |
| Family | Devika (granddaughter) |
Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu (15 October 1887 – 15 March 1941), known widely as the father of Telugu cinema, was an Indian artiste and film maker.[48] Naidu was a pioneer in the production of silent Indian films and talkies. Starting in 1909, he was involved in many aspects of Indian cinema's history, like travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work. He was the first to build and own cinema halls in Madras. The Raghupati Venkaiah Award is an annual award incorporated into Nandi Awards to recognize people for their contributions to the Telugu film industry.[49][50]
See also
- List of cities in Andhra Pradesh
- List of municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh
References
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^ "Krishna District Mandals" (PDF). Census of India. p. 517. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
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^ Guru Srikanth, S (2 April 2015). "Machilipatnam Growth May Trigger Off Reverse Migration". The New Indian Express. Machilipatnam. Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
^ Bhatia, Gita Duggal, Joyita Chakrabarti, Mary George, Pooja. Milestones Social Science – 7 (History, Geography, Social and Political Life). Vikas Publishing House. p. 55. ISBN 9789325982673.
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^ The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India, p. 187
^ Periplus, Point 62; http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/periplus.asp
^ Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture by Sukumar Butt, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1988, p. 132
^ Edward Stanley Poole (1865). The Thousand and One Nights, Commonly Called The Arabian Nights' Entertainments, Translated from the Arabic, with Copious Notes, Volume 3 (Volume 1 ed.). Chatto & Windus. p. 89. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
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^ http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/bellinmasulipatam/overview1758.jpg
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^ "Musulipatnam Climate Normals 1971–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
^ "Climate: machilipatnam". Retrieved 19 February 2016.
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^ Varma, Sujatha (13 April 2013). "In search of Bandar Laddu". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 July 2015. Vani sweets, near to the Koneru center and RK sweets, near to the bus stand are famous in the city
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^ "Manginapudi Beach". Andhra Pradesh Tourism. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
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^ "'Nijam cheppamantara, abaddham cheppamantara... '". The Hindu.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Machilipatnam. |
 | Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Machilipatnam. |
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