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October 12: Battle of Havana

1748 (MDCCXLVIII)
was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1748th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 748th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 18th century, and the 9th year of the 1740s decade. As of the start of 1748, the Gregorian calendar was
11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–June

• 
  January 12 – Ahmad Shah Durrani captures Lahore.^[1]


• 
  March 11 – In battle near Manupur (15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Sirhind), Mughal forces under Prince Ahmad Shah Bahadur are victorious against Ahmad Shah Durrani.


• 
  March 28 – A fire in the City of London causes over a million pounds worth of damage.


• 
  April 15 – The Siege of the Dutch fortress of Maastricht is started by French under the command of Maurice de Saxe as part of the War of the Austrian Succession. The fortress falls on May 7 after a little more than three weeks.


• 
  April 24 – War of the Austrian Succession: A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), with the intent to conclude the war.

July–December

• 
  August – The Camberwell beauty butterfly is named after specimens found at Camberwell in London.


• 
  September 24 – Shah Rukh becomes ruler of Greater Khorasan.


• 
  October 12 – War of Jenkins' Ear – Battle of Havana: a British Caribbean squadron engage a Spanish squadron based near Havana.^[2]


• 
  October 18 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war. Great Britain obtains Madras, in India, from France, in exchange for the fortress of Louisbourg in Canada.

Date unknown

• 
  Leonhard Euler publishes Introductio in analysin infinitorum, an introduction to pure analytical mathematics, in Berlin.


• 
  Montesquieu publishes De l'esprit des lois.


• 
  Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock publishes the first three cantos of his epic poem Der Messias in hexameters (anonymously), in Bremer Beiträge (Leipzig).


• 
  Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh.


• The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences makes Eva Ekeblad its first female member.


• Construction of the Sveaborg fortification begins near Helsinki.


• The ruins of Pompeii are rediscovered.


• 
  Louis XV of France breaks his promise to eliminate the income tax, after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the war. The Parlement of Paris protests, so he reduces the tax to 5%.^[3]

Births

• 
  January 19 – Antonio Carnicero, Spanish painter (d. 1814)


• 
  February 2 – Adam Weishaupt, German founder of the Order of the Illuminati (d. 1811)


• 
  February 9 – Luther Martin, American politician (d. 1826)

Jeremy Bentham

• 
  February 15 – Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher, writer (d. 1832)


• 
  February 22 – Timothy Dexter, American businessman (d. 1806)


• 
  February 27 – Anders Sparrman, Swedish naturalist (d. 1820)


• 
  March 5
  
  • 
    William Shield, English violinist, composer (d. 1829)
  
  
  • 
    Jonas C. Dryander, Swedish botanist (d. 1810)
  
  


• 
  March 8 – William V, Prince of Orange (d. 1806)


• 
  March 10 – John Playfair, Scottish scientist (d. 1819)


• 
  April 12 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (d. 1836)


• 
  April 13 – Joseph Bramah, English inventor, locksmith (d. 1814)


• 
  April 27
  
  • 
    Pierre-Louis Ginguené, French author (d. 1816)
  
  
  • 
    Adamantios Korais, Greek scholar (d. 1833)
  
  


• 
  May 3 – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, French cleric, constitutional theorist (d. 1836)


• 
  May 7 – Olympe de Gouges, French playwright (d. 1793)


• 
  May 10 – Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot, French ornithologist (d. 1830)


• 
  May 28 – Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle (d. 1825)


• 
  June 8 – William Few, American politician (d. 1828)


• 
  June 30 – Jacques Dominique, comte de Cassini, French astronomer (d. 1845)


• 
  August 8 – Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German naturalist (d. 1804)

Jacques-Louis David

• 
  August 30 – Jacques-Louis David, French painter (d. 1825)


• 
  October 7 – King Charles XIII of Sweden (Charles II of Norway) (d. 1818)


• 
  October 13 – Johann Dominicus Fiorillo, German painter, art historian (d. 1821)


• 
  October 19 – Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, wife of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1782)


• 
  November 11 – King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)


• 
  November 13 – William Chalmers, Swedish merchant (d. 1811)


• 
  December 9 – Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (d. 1822)


• 
  December 14 – William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (d. 1811)


• 
  date unknown
  
  • 
    Gioacchino Navarro, Maltese priest and poet (d. 1813)
  
  
  • 
    James Sayers, English caricaturist (d. 1823)
  
  
  • 
    Timur Shah, Afghan king (d. 1793)
  
  
  • 
    Thomas Holloway, English portrait painter, engraver (d. 1827
    
  
  
  • 
    Stylianos Vlasopoulos, Greek judge, writer (d. 1822)
  
  

Deaths

• 
  January 1 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1667)


• 
  January 16 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1684)


• 
  February 18 – Otto Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun, Austrian field marshal (b. 1677)


• 
  March 7 – Élisabeth Thérèse de Lorraine, French noblewoman, Princess of Epinoy by marriage (b. 1664)


• 
  March 14 – George Wade, British military leader (b. 1673)


• 
  March 23 – Johann Gottfried Walther, German music theorist, organist, and composer (b. 1684)

William Kent

• 
  April 8 – Qing Dynasty Empress Xiaoxianchun (b. 1712)


• 
  April 12 – William Kent, English architect (b. c. 1685)


• 
  April 16 – Muhammad Shah, Mughal emperor of India (b. 1702)


• 
  May 12 – Thomas Lowndes, British astronomer (b. 1692)


• 
  May 17 – Henri, Duke of Elbeuf, member of the House of Lorraine (b. 1661)


• 
  June 16 – Jean Philippe d'Orléans, illegitimate son of future French regent Philippe d'Orleans (b. 1702)


• 
  June 28 – Marretje Arents, Dutch rebel leader (b. 1712)


• 
  August 27 – James Thomson, Scottish poet (b. 1700)


• 
  September 6 – Edmund Gibson, English jurist (b. 1669)


• 
  September 10 – Mother Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino founder of the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary (b. 1663)


• 
  September 12 – Anne Bracegirdle, English actress (b. c. 1671)


• 
  September 21 – John Balguy, English philosopher (b. 1686)


• 
  November 25 – Isaac Watts, English hymn writer (b. 1674)


• 
  December 2 – Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician (b. 1662)

References

Further reading

• 
  John Blair; J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). "1748". Blair's Chronological Tables. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.