Why is the X server process not a daemon?

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP












0














root 717 2.0 3.2 1038344 263604 tty7 Rsl+ /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch


Is it correct that the X server process is running the program named Xorg? (So I can be assured that I have found the X server process.)



It is a server, so why does it still have a controlling terminal (tty7)?
Why can't it give up a controlling terminal and become a daemon?



Thanks.










share|improve this question





















  • It can be a daemon without tty, then it's called vnc.
    – Ipor Sircer
    Dec 19 '18 at 18:11










  • How do you start X server as vnc? Does vnc use the same X server process as the X server process that I am interacting directly and locally? Or does vnc creates a daemon X server, separately from the one that I am using directly and locally?
    – Tim
    Dec 19 '18 at 18:16











  • X is a very special server. Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display...
    – jlliagre
    Dec 19 '18 at 20:41










  • @jlliagre Could you rephrase "Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display.."?
    – Tim
    Dec 19 '18 at 20:56










  • Sorry if wasn't clear. Usually, you are on the client side with a PC, laptop, or phone and you connect to remote servers which are daemons and whose resources are often databases or similar. The roles are reversed with X11, where the server runs on your desktop and its resources are what typically are on the client side, like a screen, a keyboard and a mouse. The last three pieces of hardware are close to what was once called a tty.
    – jlliagre
    Dec 19 '18 at 21:38
















0














root 717 2.0 3.2 1038344 263604 tty7 Rsl+ /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch


Is it correct that the X server process is running the program named Xorg? (So I can be assured that I have found the X server process.)



It is a server, so why does it still have a controlling terminal (tty7)?
Why can't it give up a controlling terminal and become a daemon?



Thanks.










share|improve this question





















  • It can be a daemon without tty, then it's called vnc.
    – Ipor Sircer
    Dec 19 '18 at 18:11










  • How do you start X server as vnc? Does vnc use the same X server process as the X server process that I am interacting directly and locally? Or does vnc creates a daemon X server, separately from the one that I am using directly and locally?
    – Tim
    Dec 19 '18 at 18:16











  • X is a very special server. Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display...
    – jlliagre
    Dec 19 '18 at 20:41










  • @jlliagre Could you rephrase "Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display.."?
    – Tim
    Dec 19 '18 at 20:56










  • Sorry if wasn't clear. Usually, you are on the client side with a PC, laptop, or phone and you connect to remote servers which are daemons and whose resources are often databases or similar. The roles are reversed with X11, where the server runs on your desktop and its resources are what typically are on the client side, like a screen, a keyboard and a mouse. The last three pieces of hardware are close to what was once called a tty.
    – jlliagre
    Dec 19 '18 at 21:38














0












0








0







root 717 2.0 3.2 1038344 263604 tty7 Rsl+ /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch


Is it correct that the X server process is running the program named Xorg? (So I can be assured that I have found the X server process.)



It is a server, so why does it still have a controlling terminal (tty7)?
Why can't it give up a controlling terminal and become a daemon?



Thanks.










share|improve this question













root 717 2.0 3.2 1038344 263604 tty7 Rsl+ /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch


Is it correct that the X server process is running the program named Xorg? (So I can be assured that I have found the X server process.)



It is a server, so why does it still have a controlling terminal (tty7)?
Why can't it give up a controlling terminal and become a daemon?



Thanks.







x11 daemon






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Dec 19 '18 at 18:01









Tim

26k74246455




26k74246455











  • It can be a daemon without tty, then it's called vnc.
    – Ipor Sircer
    Dec 19 '18 at 18:11










  • How do you start X server as vnc? Does vnc use the same X server process as the X server process that I am interacting directly and locally? Or does vnc creates a daemon X server, separately from the one that I am using directly and locally?
    – Tim
    Dec 19 '18 at 18:16











  • X is a very special server. Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display...
    – jlliagre
    Dec 19 '18 at 20:41










  • @jlliagre Could you rephrase "Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display.."?
    – Tim
    Dec 19 '18 at 20:56










  • Sorry if wasn't clear. Usually, you are on the client side with a PC, laptop, or phone and you connect to remote servers which are daemons and whose resources are often databases or similar. The roles are reversed with X11, where the server runs on your desktop and its resources are what typically are on the client side, like a screen, a keyboard and a mouse. The last three pieces of hardware are close to what was once called a tty.
    – jlliagre
    Dec 19 '18 at 21:38

















  • It can be a daemon without tty, then it's called vnc.
    – Ipor Sircer
    Dec 19 '18 at 18:11










  • How do you start X server as vnc? Does vnc use the same X server process as the X server process that I am interacting directly and locally? Or does vnc creates a daemon X server, separately from the one that I am using directly and locally?
    – Tim
    Dec 19 '18 at 18:16











  • X is a very special server. Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display...
    – jlliagre
    Dec 19 '18 at 20:41










  • @jlliagre Could you rephrase "Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display.."?
    – Tim
    Dec 19 '18 at 20:56










  • Sorry if wasn't clear. Usually, you are on the client side with a PC, laptop, or phone and you connect to remote servers which are daemons and whose resources are often databases or similar. The roles are reversed with X11, where the server runs on your desktop and its resources are what typically are on the client side, like a screen, a keyboard and a mouse. The last three pieces of hardware are close to what was once called a tty.
    – jlliagre
    Dec 19 '18 at 21:38
















It can be a daemon without tty, then it's called vnc.
– Ipor Sircer
Dec 19 '18 at 18:11




It can be a daemon without tty, then it's called vnc.
– Ipor Sircer
Dec 19 '18 at 18:11












How do you start X server as vnc? Does vnc use the same X server process as the X server process that I am interacting directly and locally? Or does vnc creates a daemon X server, separately from the one that I am using directly and locally?
– Tim
Dec 19 '18 at 18:16





How do you start X server as vnc? Does vnc use the same X server process as the X server process that I am interacting directly and locally? Or does vnc creates a daemon X server, separately from the one that I am using directly and locally?
– Tim
Dec 19 '18 at 18:16













X is a very special server. Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display...
– jlliagre
Dec 19 '18 at 20:41




X is a very special server. Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display...
– jlliagre
Dec 19 '18 at 20:41












@jlliagre Could you rephrase "Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display.."?
– Tim
Dec 19 '18 at 20:56




@jlliagre Could you rephrase "Rare are the servers whose resources are a keyboard, a mouse and a display.."?
– Tim
Dec 19 '18 at 20:56












Sorry if wasn't clear. Usually, you are on the client side with a PC, laptop, or phone and you connect to remote servers which are daemons and whose resources are often databases or similar. The roles are reversed with X11, where the server runs on your desktop and its resources are what typically are on the client side, like a screen, a keyboard and a mouse. The last three pieces of hardware are close to what was once called a tty.
– jlliagre
Dec 19 '18 at 21:38





Sorry if wasn't clear. Usually, you are on the client side with a PC, laptop, or phone and you connect to remote servers which are daemons and whose resources are often databases or similar. The roles are reversed with X11, where the server runs on your desktop and its resources are what typically are on the client side, like a screen, a keyboard and a mouse. The last three pieces of hardware are close to what was once called a tty.
– jlliagre
Dec 19 '18 at 21:38











1 Answer
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oldest

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4














The X11 server does not need any old terminal device. It specifically needs a kernel virtual terminal device.



This is because it isn't using the terminal for general terminal I/O. It is using the terminal as a way of negotiating sharing I/O devices between it and the terminal emulator program that is built into the kernel. Using a protocol that is specific to kernel virtual terminal devices, which involves ioctl()s that only that type of device understands and sending signals to processes, it can negotiate when it is in charge of the display and Human Input Devices (HIDs) and when the kernel built-in terminal emulator program is.



(On Linux, this is the primary use of the KVT, with I/O routed through other devices entirely, and it being the controlling terminal is almost, but not quite, a side effect of fact that the X11 server opens the KVT device in a session that has no controlling terminal. On the BSDs, things are more complex, as the KVT device is also a way of accessing the framebuffer and HID input, albeit not as good a one as accessing the underlying USB HIDs if they are USB. However, on FreeBSD at least Xorg does not end up with the KVT as its controlling terminal in the first place, because on FreeBSD simply opening a terminal device never automatically makes it one's controlling terminal, and the question is moot because the Xorg process actually does not have a controlling terminal in normal operation.)



If the kernel's built-in terminal emulator is not using a particular display device or HID, which can be arranged with some effort (in ways that are well beyond the scope of this answer), then the device sharing is unnecessary and the X11 server can just "own" the device(s) all of the time. Moreover, if the kernel has been built without the built-in terminal emulator, there is nothing to negotiate with. Similarly, if an X11 server isn't actually using any I/O devices in the first place (as is the case with the Xvnc program) a mechanism for negotiating the ownership of I/O devices is unnecessary.



Further reading



  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/480705/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/178807/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/333922/5132

  • Which virtual terminal is a given X process running on?

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/405780/5132





share|improve this answer




















  • Thanks. What are "a kernel virtual terminal device" and "the kernel built-in terminal emulator program"? How are they related to virtual console?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 0:58










  • Is it correct that "/dev/tty7’s involvement is mostly limited to ensuring that nothing else can grab the seventh virtual console"? Your reply doesn't seem to say so.
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:48











  • Are there other servers not running as daemons, besides X server?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:50











  • There is a primer on the jargon in the further reading (q.v.), and M. Kitt and I are telling you the same thing.
    – JdeBP
    Dec 20 '18 at 8:03










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1 Answer
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active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









4














The X11 server does not need any old terminal device. It specifically needs a kernel virtual terminal device.



This is because it isn't using the terminal for general terminal I/O. It is using the terminal as a way of negotiating sharing I/O devices between it and the terminal emulator program that is built into the kernel. Using a protocol that is specific to kernel virtual terminal devices, which involves ioctl()s that only that type of device understands and sending signals to processes, it can negotiate when it is in charge of the display and Human Input Devices (HIDs) and when the kernel built-in terminal emulator program is.



(On Linux, this is the primary use of the KVT, with I/O routed through other devices entirely, and it being the controlling terminal is almost, but not quite, a side effect of fact that the X11 server opens the KVT device in a session that has no controlling terminal. On the BSDs, things are more complex, as the KVT device is also a way of accessing the framebuffer and HID input, albeit not as good a one as accessing the underlying USB HIDs if they are USB. However, on FreeBSD at least Xorg does not end up with the KVT as its controlling terminal in the first place, because on FreeBSD simply opening a terminal device never automatically makes it one's controlling terminal, and the question is moot because the Xorg process actually does not have a controlling terminal in normal operation.)



If the kernel's built-in terminal emulator is not using a particular display device or HID, which can be arranged with some effort (in ways that are well beyond the scope of this answer), then the device sharing is unnecessary and the X11 server can just "own" the device(s) all of the time. Moreover, if the kernel has been built without the built-in terminal emulator, there is nothing to negotiate with. Similarly, if an X11 server isn't actually using any I/O devices in the first place (as is the case with the Xvnc program) a mechanism for negotiating the ownership of I/O devices is unnecessary.



Further reading



  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/480705/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/178807/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/333922/5132

  • Which virtual terminal is a given X process running on?

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/405780/5132





share|improve this answer




















  • Thanks. What are "a kernel virtual terminal device" and "the kernel built-in terminal emulator program"? How are they related to virtual console?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 0:58










  • Is it correct that "/dev/tty7’s involvement is mostly limited to ensuring that nothing else can grab the seventh virtual console"? Your reply doesn't seem to say so.
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:48











  • Are there other servers not running as daemons, besides X server?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:50











  • There is a primer on the jargon in the further reading (q.v.), and M. Kitt and I are telling you the same thing.
    – JdeBP
    Dec 20 '18 at 8:03















4














The X11 server does not need any old terminal device. It specifically needs a kernel virtual terminal device.



This is because it isn't using the terminal for general terminal I/O. It is using the terminal as a way of negotiating sharing I/O devices between it and the terminal emulator program that is built into the kernel. Using a protocol that is specific to kernel virtual terminal devices, which involves ioctl()s that only that type of device understands and sending signals to processes, it can negotiate when it is in charge of the display and Human Input Devices (HIDs) and when the kernel built-in terminal emulator program is.



(On Linux, this is the primary use of the KVT, with I/O routed through other devices entirely, and it being the controlling terminal is almost, but not quite, a side effect of fact that the X11 server opens the KVT device in a session that has no controlling terminal. On the BSDs, things are more complex, as the KVT device is also a way of accessing the framebuffer and HID input, albeit not as good a one as accessing the underlying USB HIDs if they are USB. However, on FreeBSD at least Xorg does not end up with the KVT as its controlling terminal in the first place, because on FreeBSD simply opening a terminal device never automatically makes it one's controlling terminal, and the question is moot because the Xorg process actually does not have a controlling terminal in normal operation.)



If the kernel's built-in terminal emulator is not using a particular display device or HID, which can be arranged with some effort (in ways that are well beyond the scope of this answer), then the device sharing is unnecessary and the X11 server can just "own" the device(s) all of the time. Moreover, if the kernel has been built without the built-in terminal emulator, there is nothing to negotiate with. Similarly, if an X11 server isn't actually using any I/O devices in the first place (as is the case with the Xvnc program) a mechanism for negotiating the ownership of I/O devices is unnecessary.



Further reading



  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/480705/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/178807/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/333922/5132

  • Which virtual terminal is a given X process running on?

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/405780/5132





share|improve this answer




















  • Thanks. What are "a kernel virtual terminal device" and "the kernel built-in terminal emulator program"? How are they related to virtual console?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 0:58










  • Is it correct that "/dev/tty7’s involvement is mostly limited to ensuring that nothing else can grab the seventh virtual console"? Your reply doesn't seem to say so.
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:48











  • Are there other servers not running as daemons, besides X server?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:50











  • There is a primer on the jargon in the further reading (q.v.), and M. Kitt and I are telling you the same thing.
    – JdeBP
    Dec 20 '18 at 8:03













4












4








4






The X11 server does not need any old terminal device. It specifically needs a kernel virtual terminal device.



This is because it isn't using the terminal for general terminal I/O. It is using the terminal as a way of negotiating sharing I/O devices between it and the terminal emulator program that is built into the kernel. Using a protocol that is specific to kernel virtual terminal devices, which involves ioctl()s that only that type of device understands and sending signals to processes, it can negotiate when it is in charge of the display and Human Input Devices (HIDs) and when the kernel built-in terminal emulator program is.



(On Linux, this is the primary use of the KVT, with I/O routed through other devices entirely, and it being the controlling terminal is almost, but not quite, a side effect of fact that the X11 server opens the KVT device in a session that has no controlling terminal. On the BSDs, things are more complex, as the KVT device is also a way of accessing the framebuffer and HID input, albeit not as good a one as accessing the underlying USB HIDs if they are USB. However, on FreeBSD at least Xorg does not end up with the KVT as its controlling terminal in the first place, because on FreeBSD simply opening a terminal device never automatically makes it one's controlling terminal, and the question is moot because the Xorg process actually does not have a controlling terminal in normal operation.)



If the kernel's built-in terminal emulator is not using a particular display device or HID, which can be arranged with some effort (in ways that are well beyond the scope of this answer), then the device sharing is unnecessary and the X11 server can just "own" the device(s) all of the time. Moreover, if the kernel has been built without the built-in terminal emulator, there is nothing to negotiate with. Similarly, if an X11 server isn't actually using any I/O devices in the first place (as is the case with the Xvnc program) a mechanism for negotiating the ownership of I/O devices is unnecessary.



Further reading



  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/480705/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/178807/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/333922/5132

  • Which virtual terminal is a given X process running on?

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/405780/5132





share|improve this answer












The X11 server does not need any old terminal device. It specifically needs a kernel virtual terminal device.



This is because it isn't using the terminal for general terminal I/O. It is using the terminal as a way of negotiating sharing I/O devices between it and the terminal emulator program that is built into the kernel. Using a protocol that is specific to kernel virtual terminal devices, which involves ioctl()s that only that type of device understands and sending signals to processes, it can negotiate when it is in charge of the display and Human Input Devices (HIDs) and when the kernel built-in terminal emulator program is.



(On Linux, this is the primary use of the KVT, with I/O routed through other devices entirely, and it being the controlling terminal is almost, but not quite, a side effect of fact that the X11 server opens the KVT device in a session that has no controlling terminal. On the BSDs, things are more complex, as the KVT device is also a way of accessing the framebuffer and HID input, albeit not as good a one as accessing the underlying USB HIDs if they are USB. However, on FreeBSD at least Xorg does not end up with the KVT as its controlling terminal in the first place, because on FreeBSD simply opening a terminal device never automatically makes it one's controlling terminal, and the question is moot because the Xorg process actually does not have a controlling terminal in normal operation.)



If the kernel's built-in terminal emulator is not using a particular display device or HID, which can be arranged with some effort (in ways that are well beyond the scope of this answer), then the device sharing is unnecessary and the X11 server can just "own" the device(s) all of the time. Moreover, if the kernel has been built without the built-in terminal emulator, there is nothing to negotiate with. Similarly, if an X11 server isn't actually using any I/O devices in the first place (as is the case with the Xvnc program) a mechanism for negotiating the ownership of I/O devices is unnecessary.



Further reading



  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/480705/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/178807/5132

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/333922/5132

  • Which virtual terminal is a given X process running on?

  • https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/405780/5132






share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Dec 19 '18 at 18:59









JdeBP

33.3k468156




33.3k468156











  • Thanks. What are "a kernel virtual terminal device" and "the kernel built-in terminal emulator program"? How are they related to virtual console?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 0:58










  • Is it correct that "/dev/tty7’s involvement is mostly limited to ensuring that nothing else can grab the seventh virtual console"? Your reply doesn't seem to say so.
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:48











  • Are there other servers not running as daemons, besides X server?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:50











  • There is a primer on the jargon in the further reading (q.v.), and M. Kitt and I are telling you the same thing.
    – JdeBP
    Dec 20 '18 at 8:03
















  • Thanks. What are "a kernel virtual terminal device" and "the kernel built-in terminal emulator program"? How are they related to virtual console?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 0:58










  • Is it correct that "/dev/tty7’s involvement is mostly limited to ensuring that nothing else can grab the seventh virtual console"? Your reply doesn't seem to say so.
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:48











  • Are there other servers not running as daemons, besides X server?
    – Tim
    Dec 20 '18 at 1:50











  • There is a primer on the jargon in the further reading (q.v.), and M. Kitt and I are telling you the same thing.
    – JdeBP
    Dec 20 '18 at 8:03















Thanks. What are "a kernel virtual terminal device" and "the kernel built-in terminal emulator program"? How are they related to virtual console?
– Tim
Dec 20 '18 at 0:58




Thanks. What are "a kernel virtual terminal device" and "the kernel built-in terminal emulator program"? How are they related to virtual console?
– Tim
Dec 20 '18 at 0:58












Is it correct that "/dev/tty7’s involvement is mostly limited to ensuring that nothing else can grab the seventh virtual console"? Your reply doesn't seem to say so.
– Tim
Dec 20 '18 at 1:48





Is it correct that "/dev/tty7’s involvement is mostly limited to ensuring that nothing else can grab the seventh virtual console"? Your reply doesn't seem to say so.
– Tim
Dec 20 '18 at 1:48













Are there other servers not running as daemons, besides X server?
– Tim
Dec 20 '18 at 1:50





Are there other servers not running as daemons, besides X server?
– Tim
Dec 20 '18 at 1:50













There is a primer on the jargon in the further reading (q.v.), and M. Kitt and I are telling you the same thing.
– JdeBP
Dec 20 '18 at 8:03




There is a primer on the jargon in the further reading (q.v.), and M. Kitt and I are telling you the same thing.
– JdeBP
Dec 20 '18 at 8:03

















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