Camaenidae
| Camaenidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A live individual of Meridolum gulosum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Infraclass: | Euthyneura |
| Order: | Panpulmonata |
Clade: | Eupulmonata |
Clade: | Stylommatophora |
Informal group: | Sigmurethra |
| Superfamily: | Helicoidea |
| Family: | Camaenidae Pilsbry, 1895[1] |
Type genus | |
Pseudomelatoma Dall, 1918 | |
| Genera | |
See text | |
Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.
These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.[3]
A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.[4][5]
This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaenidae, currently being treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.
Contents
1 Anatomy
2 Subfamilies
3 Genera
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Anatomy
Camaenid shells are often quite large (25–50 mm), but a number of species also have small shells (<5 mm). Shells reveal a remarkable diversity in shape and colour, which is partly linked with their lifestyle. For instance, arboreal species tend to have large and conical shells, whereas terrestrial species often have rather flat shells. The shells of some taxa can be vividly coloured, showing banding or other conspicuous patterns, but others are plain and uniform.
This family is defined by a missing diverticulum and a missing stimulatory organ. It is suggested that the family Camaenidae as currently delimited is a polyphyletic taxon. There are no synapomorphies uniting this diverse family. The American group is closely related to the families Helicidae and Helminthoglyptidae, while the Australasian group is a closely related to the Bradybaenidae.[6]
In order to retain the Camaenidae as a monophyletic clade, the Neotropical Pleurodontidae will need to be removed as an independent family, and the Bradybaenidae will need to be included. This taxonomic decision is currently pending a formal suggestion and wider acceptance among systematists, however.
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).[7]
Subfamilies
Division into subfamilies has been suggested, however, given the unresolved relationships on the family level, the subfamilial treatments must be considered hypothetical. They do not reflect the results of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, and are not corroborated by current molecular data.
The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) (as based on a suggestion of Alan Solem)
- subfamily Camaeninae Pilbry, 1895 - synonyms: Amphidrominae Kobelt, 1902;[8] Hadridae Iredale, 1937; Xanthomelontidae Iredale, 1937; Chloritidae Iredale, 1938; Papuinidae Iredale, 1938; Calyciidae Iredale, 1941; Planispiridae Iredale, 1941; Cristovalinae Schileyko, 2003
- subfamily Rhagadinae Iredale, 1938[9]
- subfamily Sinumeloninae Solem, 1992[10]
A different taxonomy of the Caemenidae was used by Schileyko (1998–2003).[11]
Genera
Currently, 87 genera are accepted within the family Camaenidae:[12][13]
Taxa with main occurrence in South-East Asia
Camaena Albers, 1850 - type genus of the family Camaenidae
Amphicoelina Haas, 1933[14][15]
Amphidromus Albers, 1850
Chloritis Beck, 1837[16]- Moellendorffia
- Obba
- Satsuma
- Stegodera
- Trachia
Taxa with main occurrence in Papua New Guinea to Solomon Islands
- Albersia
Calycia H. Adams, 1865- Canefriula
- Cryptaegis
- Crystallopsis
- Forcartia
- Ganesella
- Mecyntera
- Megalacron
- Meliobba
- Papuanella
Papuexul Iredale, 1933
Papuina Martens, 1860- Papustyla
Planispira Beck, 1837- Rhynchotrochus
- Rhytidoconcha
- Smeatonia
Australian genera
In Australia, the Camaenidae comprise 131 currently recognized genera, most of which are endemic to the continent.
Adclarkia Stanisic, 1996[17]
Aetholitis Stanisic, 2010[18]
Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933[19]
Arnemelassa Iredale, 1938[20]
Aslintesta Solem, 1992[21]
Australocosmica Köhler, 2011[22]
Austrocomaena Stanisic, 2010[18]
Austrochloritis Pilsbry, 1890[23]
Basedowena Iredale, 1937[24]
Baudinella Thiele, 1931[25]
Bentosites Iredale, 1933[19]
Billordia Stanisic, 2010[18]
Boriogenia Stanisic, 2010[18]
Calvigenia Iredale, 1938
Caperantrum Solem, 1992
Carinotrachia Solem, 1985
Chloritisanax Iredale, 1933
Contramelon Iredale, 1937
Cooperconcha Solem, 1997
Crikey Stanisic, 2009 - with one species Crikey steveirwini Stanisic, 2009[26]
Cristigibba Tapparone-Canefri,1883
Cristilabrum Solem, 1981
Crookshanksia Stanisic, 2010
Cupedora Iredale, 1933
Damochlora Iredale, 1938
Dirutrachia Iredale, 1937
Discomelon Iredale, 1938
Divellomelon Iredale, 1933
Eurytrachia Stanisic, 2010[18]
Exiligada Iredale, 1939
Eximiorhagada Iredale, 1938
Falspleuroxia Solem, 1997
Figuladra Iredale, 1938
Forrestena Stanisic, 2010
Galadistes Iredale, 1938
Gloreugenia Iredale, 1933
Globorhagada Iredale, 1933
Glyptorhagada Pilsbry, 1890
Gnarosophia Iredale, 1933
Granulomelon Iredale, 1933
Hadra Albers, 1860
Jacksonena Iredale, 1937
Jimbouria Stanisic, 2010[18]
Kandochloritis Shea & Griffiths, 2010[18]
Kendrickia Solem, 1985
Kimberleydiscus Köhler, 2010[12] - with one species Kimberleydiscus fasciatus Köhler, 2010[12]
Kimberleymelon Köhler, 2010[12] - with one species Kimberleymelon tealei Köhler, 2010[12]
Kimberleytrachia Köhler, 2011[27]
Kimboraga Iredale, 1939
Lacustrelix Iredale, 1933
Lamprellia Stanisic, 2010[18]
Lynfergusonia Stanisic, 2010[18]
Marylnessa Stanisic, 2010[18]
Meliobba Iredale, 1940
Melostrachia Solem, 1979
Meridistis Stanisic, 2010[18]
Meridolum Iredale, 1942
Mesodontrachia Solem, 1985
Micromelon Solem, 1992
Minimelon Solem, 1993
Molema Köhler, 2011[27]
Montanomelon Solem, 1993
Monteithosites Stanisic, 1996
Moretonistes Stanisic, 2010[18]
Mouldingia Solem, 1984
MussonenaIredale, 1938
Nannochloritis Iredale, 1938
Neveritis Iredale, 1938
Ningbingia Solem, 1981
Noctepuna Iredale, 1933
Obstengenia Iredale, 1933
Offachloritis Iredale, 1933
Ordtrachia Solem, 1984
Pallidelix Iredale, 1933
Papuexul Iredale, 1933
Parglogenia Iredale, 1938
Patrubella Iredale, 1938
Perioinsolita Stanisic & Potter, 2010[18]
Petraconcha Clark, 2009[28]
Plectorhagada Iredale, 1933
Pleuroxia Ancey,1887
Pommerhelix Clark, 2009[28]
Ponderconcha Clark, 2009[28]
Posorites Iredale, 1933
Promonturconchum Solem, 1997
Protolinitis Stanisic, 2010
Prototrachia Solem, 1984
Prymnbriareus Solem, 1981
Pseudcupedora Solem, 1992
Quistrachia Iredale, 1939
Ramogenia Iredale, 1938
Rhagada Albers, 1860 - type genus of the subfamily Rhagadinae
Retroterra Solem, 1985
Sauroconcha Zhang & Shea, 2008[29]
Semotrachia Iredale, 1933
Setobaudinia Iredale, 1933
Sinumelon Iredale, 1930 - type genus of the subfamily Sinumeloninae
Sphaerospira Mörch, 1867
Spurlingia Iredale, 1933
Squamagenia Stanisic & Potter, 2010[18]
Stanisicia Clark, 2009[28]
Strepsitaurus Solem, 1997
Tatemelon Solem, 1993
Temporena Iredale, 1933
Thersites Pfeiffer, 1855
Tolgachloritis Iredale, 1933
Toombatrachia Stanisic, 2010[18]
Torresitrachia Iredale, 1939
Trachiopsis Pilsbry, 1893
Trozena Iredale, 1938
Turgenitubulus Solem, 1981
Varohadra Iredale, 1933
Ventopelita Iredale, 1943
Vidumelon Iredale, 1933
Westraltrachia Iredale, 1933
Xanthomelon Martens, 1860
Youwanjela Köhler & Shea, 2012[30]
References
^ Pilsbry H. A. (1895). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Helicidae - Volume VII. 9(33a): xxxii.
^ Cite error: The named referenceWoRMSwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cuezzo M. G. (2003). "Phylogenetic analysis of the Camaenidae (Mollusca: Stylommatophora) with special emphasis on the American taxa". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138(4): 449-476. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00061.x.
^ Wade, C.M., Hudelot, C., Davison, A., Naggs, F., Mordan, P.B. Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73: 411-415.
^ Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.P. Classification and Nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47: 1-397.
^ Scott B. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships of the Camaenidae (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 62: 65-73. Abstract
^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, .mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
^ Kobelt W. (1902). Systematisches Conchilien-Cabinet, ed. 2, Bd. 1, Abt 13, Theil 2: 1033.
^ Iredale T. (1938). The Australian Zoologist 9(2): 112.
^ Solem A. (1992). Records of the South Australia Museum, Monograph series 2: 161.
^ Schileyko A. A. (1998-2003). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Ruthenica supplement 2.
^ abcde Köhler F. (2010). "Three new species and two new genera of land snails from the Bonaparte Archipelago in the Kimberley, Western Australia (Pulmonata, Camaenidae)". Molluscan Research 30(1): 1-16.
^ ITIS
^ Haas, F. (1933). "Zur Systematik der chinesischen "Helicodonten"". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 65 (4/5): 230–231.
^ Páll-Gergely B. & Asami T. (2014). "Additional information on the distribution, anatomy and systematics of living and fossil Chinese Plectopylidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Genus 25(3): 527-564. PDF.
^ Maassen W. J. M. (2009). "Remarks on the genus Chloritis in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with the descriptions of two new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae)". Zoologische Mededelingen 83 HTM.
^ Stanisic, J. 1996. New land snails from boggomoss environments in the Dawson Valley, southeastern Queensland (Eupulmonata: Charopidae and Camaenidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39: 343-354
^ abcdefghijklmno Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. and Griffiths, O. 2010. Australian Land Snails – Volume 1: A field guide to eastern Australian species. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 591 pp.
^ ab Iredale, T. 1933. Systematic notes on Australian land shells. Records of the Australian Museum 19: 37-59
^ Iredale, T. 1938. A basic list of the land Mollusca of Australia. Pt III. Australian Zoologist 9: 83-124
^ Solem, A. 1992. Camaenid land snails from southern and eastern South Australia, excluding Kangaroo Island. Pt 1. Systematics, distribution and variation. Records of the South Australian Museum Monograph Series 2: 1-338
^ Köhler, F. 2011. Australocosmica, a new genus of land snails from the Kimberley, Western Australia (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae). Malacologia, 53(2): 199−216
^ Pilsbry, H.A. 1890. in Tryon, G.W. & Pilsbry, H.A. Manual of Conchology. Philadelphia : Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences Ser. 2 Vol. 6 324 pp.
^ Iredale, T. 1937. An annotated check list of the land shells of South and Central Australia. South Australian Naturalist 18: 6-59
^ Thiele, J. 1931. Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde. Jena : Gustav Fischer pp. 377-778
^ Stanisic J. (24 August) 2009. Crikey steveirwini gen. et sp. nov. from montane habitats in the Wet Tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Camaenidae). Zootaxa 2206: 62–68. abstract.
^ ab Köhler, F. 2011. The camaenid species of the Kimberley Islands, Western Australia (Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Malacologia, 54(1-2): 203–406
^ abcd Clark, S. 2009. A review of the land snail genus Meridolum (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from central New South Wales, Australia. Molluscan Research, 29:61-120.
^ Zhang, W.-H. & Shea, M. (2008). A new genus and species of land snail of the family Camaenidae from New South Wales. Molluscan Research, 28: 123-132.
^ Köhler, F. & Shea, M. (2012). Youwanjela, a new genus of land snail from the Kimberley, Western Australia (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 88: 25-31.
Further reading
- Köhler F. (2009) "Phylogeny and evolution of the Camaenidae in north-western Australia: A model case for the study of speciation and radiation". In: McDoughall C. & Hall N. (Eds.) Molluscs 2009: Program and abstracts. Malacological Society of Australasia, Brisbane, p. 55.
- Wade C. M., Hudelot C., Davison A. Naggs, F. & Mordan P. B. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae". Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(4): 411-415. doi:10.1093/mollus/eym030.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Camaenidae. |
- Australian Camaenidae
