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In windows I can open "My Computer" and click on the "Webcam" icon to get a feed from my webcam. I can also take snapshots of that feed.

Can I do the same in Ubuntu? Without installing any extra applications like Photobooth.

Since you want an answer "without installing any extra applications like Photobooth," I've tried to give a solution that doesn't depend on very much. Also I'm assuming that your webcam uses "Video4Linux2" and that it is /dev/video0. If this is a modern webcam and if you only have one, these are pretty good assumptions.

From the command line:

$ gst-launch-0.10 v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! xvimagesink

Note that "v4l2src" contains a lowercase L and not the number 1. On your system the command may be gst-launch or something starting with gst-launch but with a different version number. Tab completion should help you find the exact command name. This tool is in the gstreamer0.10-tools package on my Ubuntu system, which is a dependency of libgstreamer, which is a dependency of a large number of the apps on my Ubuntu system and is likely present in the default installation.

Other Applications

If you don't mind installing other applications, here is how you can do this in a few other applications. All of them can easily be installed via apt-get or another package manager of your choosing:

• 
  VLC: $ vlc v4l2:///dev/video0 Also, you can do this from the VLC GUI by going to File->Open Capture Device


• 
  mplayer: mplayer tv://device=/dev/video01 (from Stefan in the comments)


• 
  Cheese: This is a photobooth-like app that is very simple to use.

guvcview

This program is ideal for screencasts, as it can show just the camera on a window and nothing else:

sudo apt-get install guvcview
guvcview

Then just use any screen recorder to make a feed. recordmydesktop works fine.

Tested on Ubuntu 18.04.

Related questions:

• https://askubuntu.com/questions/536563/screen-recorder-webcam


• https://askubuntu.com/questions/48245/webcam-apps-and-ways-of-checking-if-webcam-is-working

Or you can try mpv command

mpv /dev/video0

A slightly different syntax worked for me using mplayer:

mplayer -tv device=/dev/video1 tv://

I am using a plugged-in webcam (not the built-in). So I changed /dev/video0 to /dev/video1. But Stefan's syntax above seemed to default to the built-in because of an argument parsing error. See marked lines in the output:

baxelrod@it6598 ~ $ mplayer tv://device=/dev/video1
MPlayer 1.2.1 (Debian), built with gcc-5.3.1 (C) 2000-2016 MPlayer Team
mplayer: could not connect to socket
mplayer: No such file or directory
Failed to open LIRC support. You will not be able to use your remote control.
Playing tv://device=/dev/video1.
The filename option must be an integer: dev/video1 <--
Struct tv, field filename parsing error: dev/video1 <--
TV file format detected.
...
Selected device: Integrated Camera <--
...

When I use the syntax I posted, I don't get the error lines, and I get this instead:

Selected device: UVC Camera (046d:081b)