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Arne Duncan
9th United States Secretary of Education
In office January 21, 2009 – December 31, 2015
President	Barack Obama
Deputy	Anthony W. Miller James H. Shelton III John King
Preceded by	Margaret Spellings
Succeeded by	John King Jr.
Superintendent of Chicago Public Schools
In office June 26, 2001 – January 21, 2009
Appointed by	Richard M. Daley
Preceded by	Paul Vallas
Succeeded by	Ron Huberman
Personal details
Born	Arne Starkey Duncan (1964-11-06) November 6, 1964 (age 54) Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Education	Harvard University (BA)

Arne Starkey Duncan^[1] (born November 6, 1964) was the United States Secretary of Education from 2009 through December 2015.^[2][3] While his tenure as Secretary was marked by varying degrees of opposition from both social conservatives and teachers unions, he nevertheless enjoyed strong support from the US president who appointed him, Barack Obama. Conservatives and some parents resisted Duncan's push for all U.S. states to adopt the Common Core Standards to determine what students had learned, and most US teachers unions disliked his emphasis on the use of data from student tests to evaluate teachers and schools.^[4] Despite antagonism to the changes Duncan had introduced, Obama praised his work at the Department of Education by saying, "Arne has done more to bring our educational system – sometimes kicking and screaming – into the 21st century than anybody else."^[5] His 2018 book, “How Schools Work: An Inside Account of Failure and Success From One of the Nation’s Longest-Serving Secretaries of Education" , details his work pushing forward the Common Core standard, and the examples of students falling far below the education level needed to pursue college that instigated this policy push. ^[6]

Duncan previously served as CEO of the Chicago Public Schools from 2001 to 2009. He is currently a senior fellow at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy^[7] and a board member for Communities In Schools.

Early years and education

Duncan was raised in Hyde Park, a Chicago neighborhood encompassing the University of Chicago. He is the son of Susan Goodrich (née Morton) and Starkey Davis Duncan Jr. His father was a psychology professor at the university and his mother runs the Sue Duncan Children's Center, an after-school program primarily serving African-American youth in the nearby Kenwood neighborhood.

Duncan attended the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools^[8] and later Harvard College, where he played on the basketball team and graduated magna cum laude in 1987 with a bachelor's degree in sociology. His senior thesis, for which he took a year's leave to do research in the Kenwood neighborhood, was entitled "The values, aspirations and opportunities of the urban underclass".^[9]

Education career

After graduating, Duncan played professional basketball for several years until 1991. In 1992, childhood friend and investment banker John W. Rogers, Jr., appointed Duncan director of the Ariel Education Initiative, a program mentoring children at one of the city's worst-performing elementary schools and then assisting them as they proceeded further in the education system.^[9] After the school closed in 1996, Duncan and Rogers were instrumental in re-opening it as a charter school,
Ariel Community Academy.^[10] In 1999, Duncan was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff for former Chicago Public Schools CEO Paul Vallas.^[11]

CEO of Chicago Public Schools

Mayor Richard M. Daley appointed Duncan to serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Chicago Public Schools on June 26, 2001.^[12] Opinions vary on Duncan's success as CEO; one prominent publication notes improved test scores and describes Duncan as a consensus builder,^[13] while another finds the improvements largely a myth and is troubled by the closing of neighborhood schools and their replacement by charter schools, and what it describes as schools' militarization.^[14]

U.S. Secretary of Education

Duncan was appointed U.S. Secretary of Education by President Barack Obama and confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2009.^[15] One of Duncan's initiatives as secretary has been a $4 billion Race to the Top competition. It asks states to vie for federal education dollars by submitting proposals that include reforms such as expanding charter schools and judging teachers partly on how well their students do on standardized tests.^[16]

Illinois Senator Dick Durbin condemned the Bush-Kennedy charter schools for Washington, D.C., and Duncan and President Obama got the vouchers eliminated. Speaker of the House Boehner got them restored.

In March 2011, Duncan said 82 percent of the nation's public schools could be failing by the following year under the standards of the No Child Left Behind law. The projection amounted to a startling spike from previous data, which showed that 37 percent of schools were on track to miss targets set by the law. "Four out of five schools in America would not meet their goals under [No Child Left Behind] by next year", Duncan said in his statement.

On July 4, 2014, the National Education Association, the largest teacher's union in the United States, passed a resolution of "no confidence" in Duncan's leadership of the Department of Education and asked for his resignation.^[17]

On July 13, 2014, the American Federation of Teachers approved a resolution calling for Education Secretary Arne Duncan to resign if he does not improve under a plan to be implemented by President Barack Obama.^[18] The "improvement plan" would require that Secretary Duncan enact the equity and funding recommendations of the Equity Commission's "Each and Every Child" report; revise the No Child Left Behind and Race To The Top "test-and-punish" system of accountability to a "support-and-improve" structure; and "promote rather than question" teachers and school staff.

On October 2, 2015, Duncan announced he would be stepping down at the close of 2015, to be succeeded by John King Jr.^[19] The media stated his tenure had been marked by a "willingness to plunge head-on into the heated debate about the government's role in education.".^[20]

Emerson Collective

In March 2016, Duncan announced he will be joining the Palo Alto-based education group Emerson Collective as a managing partner.^[21]

Personal life

While in Australia, Duncan met his future wife, Karen Leanne Duncan,^[22] a native of Tasmania.^{[23][dead link]} Their children are Claire and Ryan (ages 16 and 13).^[24]

Basketball

Duncan playing in the 2014 NBA All-Star Weekend Celebrity Game.

While at Harvard, Duncan co-captained the varsity basketball team and was named a first team Academic All-American.^[8][25] From 1987 to 1991, Duncan played professional basketball, mostly in Australia, with teams including Melbourne's Eastside Spectres, of Australia's National Basketball League.^[26]
Duncan also participated in the 2012, 2013, and 2014 NBA All-Star Weekend Celebrity Games. Comedian Kevin Hart conceded the 2014 MVP of the celebrity game to Duncan (20 points, 11 rebounds, 6 assists).^[27][28][29] The 20 points are a Celebrity Game high.

On May 11, 2014, Duncan was a member of the 2014 USA Basketball 3x3 Men's Championship Team. The team of Duncan, Jitim Young, Thomas Darrow and Craig Moore qualified to represent the United States in Moscow, Russia in the 24-country 2014 FIBA 3x3 World Championship from June 5–8.^[30] Duncan's schedule did not permit him to attend,^[31] but the team finished in 9th place in the 24-team tournament.^[32]

Criticism

Addressing a group of school superintendents in late 2013, Arne Duncan stated that he found it "fascinating" that some of the opposition to the Common Core State Standards Initiative came from "white suburban moms who—all of a sudden—their child isn't as brilliant as they thought they were, and their school isn't as good as they thought they were."^[33] This had sparked outrage among different facets of society, ranging from the "white suburban mom who feel marginalized and misunderstood", the "non-white parent who wants to know why everyone is only now so upset", to the "non-white parent who wants Arne Duncan to know that she (or he) hates the Common Core, too".^[34]

References

External links

• 
  Media related to Arne Duncan at Wikimedia Commons


• United States Department of Education bio


• The Sue Duncan Children's Center


• 
  Appearances on C-SPAN
  


• 
  Arne Duncan on Charlie Rose
  


• 
  "Arne Duncan collected news and commentary". The New York Times.
  


• 
  Works by or about Arne Duncan in libraries (WorldCat catalog)