Chess prodigy
Eleven-year-old Sammy Reshevsky, New York 1922
A chess prodigy is a child who can beat experienced adult players, and even Masters, at chess. Expectations can be high for chess prodigies. While some become World Champions, others show little or no progress in adulthood.
Contents
1 Early chess prodigies
2 List of youngest grandmasters
3 References
4 External links
Early chess prodigies
Early chess prodigies were Paul Morphy (1837–1884) and José Raúl Capablanca (1888–1942), both of whom won matches against strong adult opponents at the age of 12, and Samuel Reshevsky (1911–1992), who was giving simultaneous exhibitions at the age of six.[1] Morphy went on to be unofficial World Champion (before the official title existed), Capablanca became the third World Champion, and Reshevsky—while never attaining the title—was amongst the top few players in the world for many decades.
List of youngest grandmasters
One measure of chess prodigies (since 1950, when the title was introduced) is the age at which they gain the Grandmaster title. Below are players who have held the record for youngest grandmaster. The record has been held by Sergey Karjakin (then Ukraine) since 2002. The age listed is the age at which they qualified for the title. This is not equal to the age at which they officially became Grandmasters, because GM titles can only be awarded at FIDE congresses.
Note: all players are listed by their nationality at the time of gaining the title, not their current or later nationality.
Year Player Country Age 1950 David Bronstein 
Soviet Union26 years 1952 Tigran Petrosian Soviet Union23 years 1955 Boris Spassky Soviet Union18 years 1958 Bobby Fischer 
United States15 years, 6 months, 1 day 1991 Judit Polgár 
Hungary15 years, 4 months, 28 days 1994 Péter Lékó Hungary14 years, 4 months, 22 days 1997 Étienne Bacrot 
France14 years, 2 months, 0 days 1997 Ruslan Ponomariov 
Ukraine14 years, 0 months, 17 days 1999 Bu Xiangzhi 
China13 years, 10 months, 13 days 2002 Sergey Karjakin Ukraine12 years, 7 months, 0 days
This is a list of the players who became Grandmasters before their 15th birthday.
No. Player Country Age Birth year 1. Sergey Karjakin Ukraine12 years, 7 months, 0 days 1990 2. Javokhir Sindarov 
Uzbekistan12 years, 10 months, 5 days 2005 3. Praggnanandhaa Rameshbabu 
India12 years, 10 months, 13 days 2005 4. Nodirbek Abdusattorov Uzbekistan13 years, 1 month, 11 days 2004 5. Parimarjan Negi India13 years, 4 months, 22 days 1993 6. Magnus Carlsen 
Norway13 years, 4 months, 27 days 1990 7. Wei Yi China13 years, 8 months, 23 days[2] 1999 8. Bu Xiangzhi China13 years, 10 months, 13 days 1985 9. Samuel Sevian United States13 years, 10 months, 27 days[3] 2000 10. Richárd Rapport Hungary13 years, 11 months, 6 days[4] 1996 11. Teimour Radjabov 
Azerbaijan14 years, 0 months, 14 days 1987 12. Ruslan Ponomariov Ukraine14 years, 0 months, 17 days 1983 13.
Nihal Sarin India14 years, 1 month, 1 day 2004 14. Awonder Liang United States14 years, 1 month, 20 days[5][6] 2003 15. Wesley So 
Philippines14 years, 1 month, 28 days[7] 1993 16. Étienne Bacrot France14 years, 2 months, 0 days 1983 17. Illya Nyzhnyk Ukraine14 years, 3 months, 2 days[8] 1996 18. Maxime Vachier-Lagrave France14 years, 4 months, 6 days[9] 1990 19. Péter Lékó Hungary14 years, 4 months, 22 days 1979 20. Jorge Cori 
Peru14 years, 5 months, 15 days[10] 1995 21. Hou Yifan China14 years, 6 months, 16 days[11] 1994 22. Jeffery Xiong United States14 years, 6 months, 25 days[12] 2000 23. Anish Giri 
Russia14 years, 7 months, 2 days[13] 1994 24. Yuriy Kuzubov Ukraine14 years, 7 months, 12 days[14] 1990 25. Bogdan-Daniel Deac 
Romania14 years, 7 months, 27 days[15] 2001 26. Dariusz Świercz 
Poland14 years, 7 months, 29 days 1994 27. Alireza Firouzja 
Iran14 years, 8 months, 2 days 2003 28. Aryan Chopra India14 years, 9 months, 3 days[16] 2001 29. Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn 
Vietnam14 years, 9 months, 22 days[17] 1990 30. Kirill Shevchenko Ukraine14 years, 9 months, 23 days 2002 31. Arjun Erigaisi India14 years, 11 months, 13 days 2003 32. Daniil Dubov Russia14 years, 11 months, 14 days[18] 1996 33. Ray Robson United States14 years, 11 months, 16 days[19] 1994 34. Fabiano Caruana 
Italy14 years, 11 months, 20 days[20] 1992 35. Yu Yangyi China14 years, 11 months, 23 days[21] 1994
Here are the holders of the record for the youngest ever female to become a grandmaster (not to be confused with the lesser Woman Grandmaster title):
Year Player Country Age 1978 Nona Gaprindashvili Soviet Union37 years 1984 Maia Chiburdanidze Soviet Union23 years 1991 Susan Polgar Hungary21 years 1991 Judit Polgár Hungary15 years, 4 months 2002 Humpy Koneru India15 years 1 month 2008 Hou Yifan China14 years, 6 months[22]
References
^ "Chess prodigies and mini-grandmasters". 10 January 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ Wei Yi has become the youngest GM in the world Archived February 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Youngest-ever American Chess Grandmaster crowned in St. Louis". 23 November 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ "Richard Rapport Becomes Hungary's Youngest Grandmaster - Chessdom". players.chessdom.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ "Abdusattorov (13) Second Youngest GM In History". 31 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
^ Polgar, Susan (30 May 2017). "Awonder Liang has earned his final GM norm at 14 years and 1 month! Congratulations to Awonder and the Liang family! @USChess @websterupic.twitter.com/hecjYDMbQz". Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ 14-year-old Filipino is newest grandmaster Archived January 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
^ "GM title for Illya Nyzhnyk in Groningen". 1 January 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ "British and French championships". 20 August 2005. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ Cori achieved his final GM norm in October 2009, but he crossed the 2500 rating mark during a tournament in January 2010
^ Hou Yifan – the youngest female grandmaster in history (Chessbase, December 8, 2008) gives 14-6-2, but this cannot be correct because that date (August 29) was the first day of the Women's World Chess Championship 2008. Chessbase appears to have used the first day of the championship, instead of the day she qualified for the final and earned her 3rd norm (September 12).
^ Ramirez, Alejandro (1 June 2015). "Jeffery Xiong rocks Chicago". ChessBase. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
^ Anish Giri, 14, makes his final GM norm ChessBase January 31, 2009
^ "Yuriy Kuzubov joins the mini-GM club". 7 September 2004. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ "The chess games of Bogdan-Daniel Deac". www.chessgames.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ Staff, Scroll. "Delhi's Aryan, 14, Secures Grandmaster Title". Retrieved 2016-09-17.
^ Staff, Scroll. "The world's second-youngest grandmaster". Retrieved 2018-01-14.
^ Satrapa, James (2011-08-07). "Daniil Dubov, grandmaster at fourteen". ChessBase.com. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
^ Ray Robson is the new youngest GM Archived October 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Who was the future GM? Fabiano Caruana, Italy's top grandmaster!". 18 October 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ "Chess prodigies and mini-grandmasters". 10 January 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ WWCC - Nalchik 2008 - and now there are just four!, FIDE web site, September 9, 2008
External links
Edward Winter, Chess Prodigies (2005, updated in 2006 and 2007)- Chessbase news about young Grandmasters
- Youngest Chess Player in India Set World Record
- Smallest Chess Player Chess Tournament Set World Record
