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Last night I was experimenting with my mobile phone shooting the night sky adjusting some settings like shutter time and ISO. One of the first pictures I thought was a complete failure, I only adjusted the shutter time to 30 seconds. But when I zoomed in on what I believed to be just some bright stars, I was amazed about what I saw.

Here's the original picture

I zoomed in on the center most bright star and saw this

Then I zoomed in on that star at the bottom just a bit right of the center and saw this.

So I'm wondering what these are? Did I shoot some deep space objects? Or is this just static from the long exposure? Or maybe just pixalating from the zooming? I'm really curious about your answers.

My camera was just pointing at zenit and my location was 50°57'35.5"N 5°05'10.3"E the time was 1:06am on august the 6th 2018.

Here's a screen with some more information about the photo.

A contrast stretch reveals stars down to magnitude 4 or 5.
The stars you asked about are Deneb (center) and Vega (bottom).
The constellation in the center and below is Cygnus; we also see Cepheus at upper right and part of Draco at lower right.

The stars appear as blobs 10-12 arcminutes wide due to several factors:

• Rotation around the north celestial pole, to the right of the upper right corner of the image. In your 30 second exposure, Deneb and Vega drifted 5-6 arcminutes in the 5 o'clock direction.


• Diffraction due to finite aperture. The width of the ring pattern is inversely related to the width of the aperture. These rings are consistent with a 2-3 mm aperture.


• Optical aberrations such as coma, increasing toward the edge of the image.


• Vibration as noted in another answer.

At the f-number you have used, you'd already expect to get weird images. In astronomy we usually use $f=infty$, but this is of course only relevant for extended objects, not point like sources.
But with $f/2$ it's impossible to say whether it's extended or not.

Still I'd say this is probably starlight, as also the fainter objects in your field seem to have some artifacts. Those can easily be generated by remnant vibrations, which degrade the quality of any long exposure without proper mounting.

Also without a dark field it is impossible to say what stems from imperfect pixelation in the camera (which every CCD has) and what part of the signal you see comes from the source object.

In total, the question "what did I see" is hard to answer for faint objects without proper preparation of the photograph.

Another point, your pupil entrance is very small, for nebulae/galaxies you usually need larger (amateur-sized) telescopes to get an image on a ~30 seconds timeframe.