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The ethnic groups in the Middle East refers to the peoples that reside in West Asia and Egypt in North Africa. The region has historically been a crossroad of different cultures. Since the 1960s, the changes in political and economic factors (especially the enormous oil wealth in the region and conflicts) have significantly altered the ethnic composition of groups in the region. While some ethnic have been present in the region for millennia, others have arrived fairly recently through immigration. The five largest ethnic groups in the region are Arabs, Azerbaijanis, Kurds, Persians, and Anatolian Turks^[1] but there are dozens of other ethnic groups which have hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of members.

Other Indigenous, native, or long-standing ethnic groups include: Arameans, Armenians, Assyrians, Balochs, Berbers, Copts, Druze, Gilaks, Greeks, Jews, Kawliya, Lurs, Mandeans, Mazanderanis Mhallami, Nawar, Samaritans, Shabaks, Talishis, Tats, Turcomans, Yazidis, and Zazas.

More recent migrant or diaspora populations include Albanians, Bengalis, British people, Bosniaks, Chinese, Circassians, Crimean Tatars, Filipinos, French people, Indians, Indonesians, Italians, Malays, Pashtuns, Punjabis, Romani, Sikhs, Sindhis, Somalis, Sri Lankans, and Sub-Saharan Africans.

Arabian Peninsula, the Levant and Mesopotamia

Africans - North Africans

• Berbers


• 
  Egyptian Copts
  


• Ethiopian Jews in Israel


• Sudanese in Israel

Africans - Sub Saharan Africans

• Afro-Iraqis


• Afro-Jordanians

Arab peoples

• Alawites


• Bahranis


• Bedoon


• Bedouins


• 
  Egyptian Arabs (excluding ethnic minorities like Ababda, Ahamidat Alhoarh, Albanian diaspora, Beja, Berber, Bisharin, Copts, Circassian diaspora, El homaydat, Hedareb, Houara, Huteimi, Kouloughlis, Magyarab, Nubian, and Romani)


• Emiratis


• Hadhrami


• 
  Iraqis Arabs (excluding ethnic minorities like Armenians, Assyrians, Kurds-Shabakis, Kawliya-Romani, Mandeans, North Caucasian diaspora, Turkomans, and Yazidis)


• 
  Jordanians (excluding ethnic minorities like Armenians, North Caucasian diaspora, and Kurds)


• Kuwaitis


• 
  Lebanese Arabs, (excluding some Christians and Muslims who instead claim a Phoenician heritage, and ethnic minorities like Armenians, Assyrians, and Kurds)


• Marsh Arabs


• Mehri


• Omani


• Palestinians


• Qataris


• Saudi Arabians


• 
  Syrian Arabs (excluding ethnic minorities like Arameans, Armenians, Assyrians, Kurds, North Caucasian diaspora, Nawar-Roma, Turkomans, and Yazidis)


• Yemenis

Israelites

• Jews


• Samaritans

Syriac-speaking peoples

• 
  Arameans
  
  • Arameans in Israel
  
  
  • Arameans in Syria
  
  


• 
  Assyrians
  
  • Assyrians in Iran
  
  
  • Assyrians in Iraq
  
  
  • Assyrians in Turkey
  
  
  • Assyrians in Jordan
  
  
  • Assyrians in Lebanon
  
  
  • Assyrians in Syria
  
  
  • Assyrians in Israel
  
  
  • Assyrians in Armenia
  
  
  • Assyrians in Georgia
  
  


• Mandaeans


• Mhallami

Indo-European speakers

• 
  Armenians
  
  • Armenians in the Middle East
  
  
  • Armenians in Egypt
  
  
  • Armenians in Iran
  
  
  • Armenians in Iraq
  
  
  • Armenians in Israel
  
  
  • Armenians in Lebanon
  
  
  • Armenians in Syria
  
  
  • Armenians in Turkey
  
  


• 
  Greeks:
  
  • Greeks in Egypt
  
  
  • Greeks in Israel
  
  
  • Greeks in Lebanon
  
  
  • Greeks in Syria
  
  


• 
  Iranian Peoples:
  
  • Kurds
  
  
  • Ajam of Iraq
  
  
  • Ajam of Bahrain
  
  
  • Iranians in Israel
  
  
  • Shabak
  
  
  • Yazidis
  
  


• 
  Romance:
  
  • Levantines
  
  
  • Italian Egyptians
  
  
  • Italian Lebanese
  
  


• 
  Romanis:
  
  • Doms
  
  
  • Kawliya
  
  
  • Nawars
  
  
  • Romani people in Egypt
  
  
  • 
    Romani people in Syria Kartvelian peoples
    
  
  

Turkic peoples

• Azerbaijanis


• Iraqi Turkmen


• Syrian Turkmen


• Turks


• Turks in Israel

Other Ethnic Groups

• Druze


• Circassians


• Maronites

Anatolia

Ethnic map of Asia Minor and Caucasus in 1914

• 
  Indo-European peoples:
  
  • Armenians in Turkey
  
  
  • Franco-Levantines
  
  
  • Greeks in Turkey
  
  
  • 
    Iranic peoples
    
    • Kurds
    
    
    • Zazas
    
    
  
  


• 
  Kartvelian peoples:
  
  • Georgians in Turkey
  
  
  • Lazs
  
  


• 
  Romanis:
  
  • Doms
  
  
  • Kawliya
  
  
  • Romani people in Turkey
  
  


• 
  Semitic speakers:
  
  • Arabs in Turkey
  
  
  • Assyrians in Turkey
  
  
  • Jews in Turkey
  
  


• 
  Turkic peoples
  
  • Azerbaijanis in Turkey
  
  
  • Crimean Tatars in Turkey
  
  
  • Turks
  
  


• Various Muslim immigrants from neighbouring regions:
  
  • 
    Muslims from the Caucasus (Peoples of the Caucasus in Turkey)
  
  
  • 
    Muslims from the Balkans (mainly Albanians, Bosniaks and Pomaks)
  
  

Cyprus

• Armenian Cypriots


• Georgian Cypriots


• Greek Cypriots


• Maronite Cypriots


• Turkish Cypriots

Iranian Plateau

• 
  Indo-European peoples:
  
  • Armenians in Iran
  
  
  • 
    Iranic peoples
    
    • Balochs
    
    
    • Persians
    
    
    • 
      Kurds
      
      • Feylis
      
      
      • Kaka'is
      
      
    
    
    • Gilakis
    
    
    • Lurs
    
    
    • Mazandaranis
    
    
    • Talysh people
    
    
    • Tat people (Iran)
    
    
  
  


• 
  Kartvelian peoples:
  
  • Georgians


• 
  Turkic peoples:
  
  • 
    Azerbaijanis
    
    • Iranian Azerbaijanis
  
  
  • Qashqai
  
  
  • Turkmens
  
  


• 
  Semitic peoples:
  
  • 
    Arab peoples
    
    • Iranian Arabs
  
  
  • Assyrians
  
  
  • 
    Jewish peoples
    
    • Persian Jews
  
  
  • Mandaeans
  
  


• Various Muslim immigrants from the Caucasus (Peoples of the Caucasus in Iran)

Diaspora populations

Because of the low population of many of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf and the demand for labor created by the large discoveries of oil in these countries there has been a steady stream of immigration to the region (mainly from South Asia). Ethnic groups which comprise the largest portions of this immigration include Bengalis, Britons, Chinese, Filipinos, Hindus, Nepalis, Afghans, Pakistanis, Punjabis, Sikhs, Sindhis, Somalis, and Sri Lankans. Many of these people are denied certain political and legal rights in the countries in which they live and frequently face mistreatment by the native-born citizens of the host countries.

See also

• Archaeogenetics of the Near East


• Arab diaspora


• Assyrian diaspora


• Jewish diaspora


• Jews


• Arab world


• Demographics of the Arab League


• Demographics of Iran


• Demographics of Iraq


• Iranian diaspora


• Ethnic groups of the Caucasus


• Ethnic groups of North Africa


• Ethnic groups of Europe


• Ethnic groups of South Asia


• Iranic peoples


• Armenian diaspora


• Semitic peoples


• Turkic peoples

References