SSN (hull classification symbol)





USS New Hampshire (SSN-778), a Virginia-class submarine.


An SSN is a nuclear-powered general-purpose attack submarine. SSN is the US Navy hull classification symbol for such vessels; the SS denotes a submarine[1] and the N denotes nuclear power. The designation SSN is used for interoperability throughout NATO under STANAG 1166.[2] though navies use other terms.




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Active and future SSN classes


  • 3 Retired SSN classes


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References




History


The first nuclear-powered attack submarine was the US Navy's USS Nautilus, operational from 1954. This was followed by the four submarines of the Skate class entering service in 1957.
The Royal Navy's first nuclear fleet submarine was HMS Dreadnought which by using an American reactor entered service in 1963. The first all-British nuclear submarines were the two Valiant-class submarines.


The USN submarine fleet has been all-nuclear powered for over two decades. The bulk of the USN's SSN fleet has been the Los Angeles-class attack submarine. Designed during the Cold War the Los Angeles-class boats' raison d'etre was to protect USN carrier battle groups and to hunt Soviet Navy SSBNs before they could launch a first strike against the United States.


The first ever major combat action involving an SSN was during the 1982 Falklands War. An Argentinian cruiser, ARA General Belgrano was sunk by torpedoes fired by the Royal Navy fleet submarine HMS Conqueror. After that incident, the Argentinian Navy was effectively confined to port.


Since the end of the Cold War, SSNs have evolved into multi-mission submarines. Their roles include submarine-launched cruise missile platforms, intelligence gathering platforms, insertion and exfiltration of special forces teams in addition to traditional hunter-killer SSN roles.


The advantages of an SSN over a conventionally powered SSK are much longer endurance (limited more by the crew than the boat, a nuclear submarine can stay submerged for months and does not need refueling in their 25-year lifespans), and higher speed. Unlike most SSKs, SSNs do not have to surface periodically for air, which would compromise their stealth. Some of the newest conventional submarines approach these advantages: Stirling engine powered vessels can cruise underwater for up to two weeks and, like diesel/electric vessels (and in theory LOX powered vessels), are significantly quieter than nuclear submarines, since they do not need to run the powerful (and noisy) pumps associated with the cooling circuits of pressurized water reactors.


The main disadvantages of an SSN are the technological challenges and expenses of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant. Nuclear submarines can have political downsides, as some countries refuse to accept nuclear-powered vessels as a matter of policy. Furthermore, decommissioned nuclear submarines require costly dismantling and long term storage of the radioactive waste.


The following navies currently operate SSNs:



  • People's Liberation Army Navy of China

  • French Navy

  • Indian Navy

  • Russian Navy


  • Royal Navy of the United Kingdom

  • United States Navy


Active and future SSN classes



Brazil Brazilian Navy

  • Nuclear Scorpène-class submarine - 1 planned[3]

China People's Liberation Army Navy of the People's Republic of China

  • Han-class submarine (Type 091) - 3 in service


  • Type 093 submarine - 5 in service, 6 planned in total


  • Type 095 submarine - 2 complete, 5 planned in total[4][5]


France French Navy

  • Rubis-class submarine - 6 in service


  • Barracuda-class submarine - 6 planned


India Indian Navy

  • Akula-class submarine - 1 in service,[6][7] 1 planned[8]


  • Indian Navy SSN programme - 6 planned[9][10]


Russia Russian Navy

  • Victor III-class submarine - 4 in service


  • Sierra I and Sierra II-class submarines - 3 in service


  • Akula-class submarine - 8 in service


  • Yasen-class submarine - 1 in service, 4 under construction,[11] 12 planned in total


United Kingdom Royal Navy of the United Kingdom

Known as "fleet submarines" in the Royal Navy





HMS Astute, an Astute-class submarine.



  • Trafalgar-class submarine - 4 in service, 3 retired


  • Astute-class submarine - 3 in service, 3 under construction, 1 ordered


United States United States Navy

  • Los Angeles-class submarine - 41 in service, 21 retired


  • Seawolf-class submarine - 3 in service


  • Virginia-class submarine - 14 in service, 5 under construction, 48 planned in total


Retired SSN classes



United Kingdom Royal Navy of the United Kingdom

  • HMS Dreadnought - the Royal Navy's first nuclear-powered fleet submarine 1963 - 1980


  • Valiant-class submarine - 2 submarines in service 1966 - 1994


  • Churchill-class submarine - 3 submarines in service 1970 - 1992


  • Swiftsure-class submarine - 6 submarines 1973-2010


Soviet Union Soviet / Russia Russian Navy

  • November class 1958-1991


  • K-278 Komsomolets - only member of the "Mike" class, 1984 - 1989 (sank after fire)

  • Alfa-class submarine


United States United States Navy

  • USS Nautilus (SSN-571) (unique)


  • USS Seawolf (SSN-575) (unique)


  • Skate-class submarine - 4 submarines in service 1957 - 1989


  • Skipjack-class submarine - 6 submarines in service 1959 - 1990 (One lost, 1968)


  • USS Triton (SSN-586) (unique)

  • USS Halibut (SSN-587)


  • Permit-class submarine - 14 submarines in service 1961 - 1996 (One lost, 1963)


  • USS Tullibee (SSN-597) (unique)


  • Sturgeon-class submarine - 37 submarines in service 1967 - 2004


  • USS Narwhal (SSN-671) (unique)


  • USS Glenard P. Lipscomb (SSN-685) (unique)


See also


  • Nuclear submarine


  • Ballistic missile submarine (SSB/SSBN)


  • Cruise missile submarine (SSG/SSGN)

  • List of submarine classes

  • List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy

  • List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes

  • List of submarine classes of the United States Navy


References




  1. ^ In the Royal Navy, "SS" is an abbreviation for "Ship Submersible""Fleet Submarines (SSN)". Royal Navy website. Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-04-07..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ "NATO glossary of abbreviations used in NATO documents and publications (AAP-11)" (PDF). NATO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.


  3. ^ "Brazil to build nuclear submarines which will dramatically alter balance of power in South America". Mail Online. Retrieved 2018-07-20.


  4. ^ "Type 095". www.deagel.com. Retrieved 2018-07-20.


  5. ^ "Chinese fast developing advanced submarines". www.taipeitimes.com. Retrieved 2018-07-20.


  6. ^ "Russia leases out Nerpa nuclear-powered attack submarine to India". India Today. Retrieved 2018-07-20.


  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-21. Retrieved 2014-04-20.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  8. ^ "India to Lease a Second Nuclear Submarine From Russia". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2016-02-19.


  9. ^ "Move to fast-track two submarine projects gathers steam - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2016-02-19.


  10. ^ "Government clears construction of 7 stealth frigates, 6 nuclear-powered attack submarines". timesofindia-economictimes. Retrieved 2016-02-19.


  11. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-01-17. Retrieved 2015-03-20.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)










-

Popular posts from this blog

How to check contact read email or not when send email to Individual?

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP up vote 1 down vote favorite I'm using WordPress 4.9.8, CiviCRM to 5.5.1, I usually send email to contact by Search> Find contacts View contact details Action> Send email Send email ok, Contact received mail ok like picture But status only Email sent though contact read email or not. So, can CiviCRM can change status to Email read when contact read email? wordpress email share | improve this question asked Sep 26 at 0:12 ToanLuong 49 9 add a comment  |  up vote 1 down vote favorite I'm using WordPress 4.9.8, CiviCRM to 5.5.1, I usually send email to contact by Search> Find contacts View contact details Action> Send email Send email ok, Contact received mail ok like picture But status only Email sent though contact read email or not. So, can CiviCRM can change status to Email read when contact read email? wordpress email share | improve this questi...
Read more

Displaying single band from multi-band raster using QGIS

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP 1 How can I extract a single band from multi-band raster in QGIS? I have an remote sensed image which has 6 bands (including NDVI band), I want to display each band separately, but have no idea how to do. I have seen some questions similar here but none worked for me. The original image (has 6 bands) is: I want to display the band 6 which should be like this: But I tried gdal_translate, and couldn't get the correct result. What I have got is: qgis raster multi-band share | improve this question edited Mar 5 at 0:53 Summer asked Mar 4 at 6:42 Summer Summer 23 6 Is this any help gis.stackexchange.com/questions/220658/… ? if not gis.stackexchange.com/questions/62133/… might help. – Michael Stimson Mar 4 at 6:46 Thanks for answering but when I used gdal_translate, qgis showed that 'Error 4: Kayena.tif: No such file or directory". Would you know how to fi...
Read more

How many registers does an x86_64 CPU actually have?

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP up vote 2 down vote favorite I am currently learning reverse engineering and am studying the flags register. I had in my mind that rflags was just another name for one of the 16 general purpose registers, for example rax or rbx . But it looks like rflags is actually an additional register. So that makes 17 registers in total... how many more could there be? I have spent at least an hour on this and found numerous different answers. The best answer so far is this, which says that there are 40 registers in total. 16 General Purpose Registers 2 Status Registers 6 Code Segment Registers 16 SSE Registers 8 FPU/MMX Registers But if I add that up, I get 48. Could anybody provide an official answer on how many registers an x86_64 CPU has (e.g. an Intel i7). Additionally, I have seen references to 'hardware' and 'architectural' registers. What are those registers and how many are there? register x86-64 share | improve this...
Read more