1x1 Convolution. How does the math work?

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So I stumbled upon Andrew Ng course on 1x1 convolutions.
There he explains that you can use 1x1x192 convolution to shrink it.



But when I do



input_ = torch.randn([28, 28, 192])
filter = torch.zeros([1, 1, 192])

out = torch.mul(input_,filter)


I obviously get 28x28x192 matrix. So how should I be able to shrink it?
Just add the result of every 1x1x192 * 1x1x192 kerner result? So I'd get 28x28x1 matrix?










share|improve this question

























    up vote
    4
    down vote

    favorite
    1












    So I stumbled upon Andrew Ng course on 1x1 convolutions.
    There he explains that you can use 1x1x192 convolution to shrink it.



    But when I do



    input_ = torch.randn([28, 28, 192])
    filter = torch.zeros([1, 1, 192])

    out = torch.mul(input_,filter)


    I obviously get 28x28x192 matrix. So how should I be able to shrink it?
    Just add the result of every 1x1x192 * 1x1x192 kerner result? So I'd get 28x28x1 matrix?










    share|improve this question























      up vote
      4
      down vote

      favorite
      1









      up vote
      4
      down vote

      favorite
      1






      1





      So I stumbled upon Andrew Ng course on 1x1 convolutions.
      There he explains that you can use 1x1x192 convolution to shrink it.



      But when I do



      input_ = torch.randn([28, 28, 192])
      filter = torch.zeros([1, 1, 192])

      out = torch.mul(input_,filter)


      I obviously get 28x28x192 matrix. So how should I be able to shrink it?
      Just add the result of every 1x1x192 * 1x1x192 kerner result? So I'd get 28x28x1 matrix?










      share|improve this question













      So I stumbled upon Andrew Ng course on 1x1 convolutions.
      There he explains that you can use 1x1x192 convolution to shrink it.



      But when I do



      input_ = torch.randn([28, 28, 192])
      filter = torch.zeros([1, 1, 192])

      out = torch.mul(input_,filter)


      I obviously get 28x28x192 matrix. So how should I be able to shrink it?
      Just add the result of every 1x1x192 * 1x1x192 kerner result? So I'd get 28x28x1 matrix?







      convnet






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked Sep 22 at 14:20









      Mihkel L.

      1233




      1233




















          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes

















          up vote
          3
          down vote



          accepted










          Let's go back at normal convolution: let's say you have a 28x28x3 image (3 = R,G,B).



          I don't use torch, but keras, but the principle applies I think.



          When you apply a 2D Convolution, passing the size of the filter, for example 3x3, the framework adapt your filter from 3x3 to 3x3x3! Where the last 3 it's due to the dept of the image.



          The same happens when, after a first layer of convolution with 100 filters, you obtain an image of size 28x28x100, at the second convolution layer you decide only the first two dimension of the filter, let's say 4x4. The framework instead, applies a filter of dimension 4x4x100!



          So, to reply at your question, if you apply 1x1 convolution to 28x28x100, passing number of filters of k. You obtain an activation map (result) of dimension 28x28xk.



          And that's the shrink suggested by Ng.



          Again to fully reply to your question, the math is simple, just apply the theory of the convolution using 3D filters. Sum of multiplication of overlapping elements between filter and image.



          Edit: Simple example



          I am going to show you a simple example of the operations that occur during the deep convolution between M, a tensor of dimension (z= 2, x=2, y=2), where you can see z as your k that you want to shrink to 1 and W, a filter of dimension (2, 1, 1). You will have to implement your own function with a loop to operate the stride of the filter.



          import numpy as np

          M = np.array([[[1, 2],[3, 4]], [[5, 6],[7, 8]]])
          W = np.array([[[2.]],[[3.]]])

          C = np.ones(shape=(2, 2))

          c[0,0] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 0]*w.T)
          c[0,1] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 1]*w.T)
          c[1,0] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 0]*w.T)
          c[1,1] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 1]*w.T)


          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer






















          • Yep! The catch here is that 2D filters isn't exactly 2D... And that confuses people
            – Aditya
            Sep 23 at 3:36










          • I'm trying to achive this with matrix multiplication. And there is noway I can get to 28x28xK what's the calculation that shrinks it? If you look at @André answer, then what's g?
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 7:46










          • You get the shrinking because the result of convolution between overlapping regions between a tensor of depth k and a filter of depth k is a matrix with depth 1! For each region you get a scalar, and all together they form a matrix. So you shrink from k to 1! To obtain a result of depth X, you just stack the result of X filters.
            – Francesco Pegoraro
            Sep 23 at 14:07











          • @Francesco Pegoraro Show me some real calculation. I have matrix 28x28x192. When I multiply it with 1x1x192 then i get 28x28x192. No Scalar. Show me how I get scalar please.
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:30











          • best thing would be to show PyTorch code that compiles W x W x K matrix into W x W matrix :)
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:40










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          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes








          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

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          active

          oldest

          votes








          up vote
          3
          down vote



          accepted










          Let's go back at normal convolution: let's say you have a 28x28x3 image (3 = R,G,B).



          I don't use torch, but keras, but the principle applies I think.



          When you apply a 2D Convolution, passing the size of the filter, for example 3x3, the framework adapt your filter from 3x3 to 3x3x3! Where the last 3 it's due to the dept of the image.



          The same happens when, after a first layer of convolution with 100 filters, you obtain an image of size 28x28x100, at the second convolution layer you decide only the first two dimension of the filter, let's say 4x4. The framework instead, applies a filter of dimension 4x4x100!



          So, to reply at your question, if you apply 1x1 convolution to 28x28x100, passing number of filters of k. You obtain an activation map (result) of dimension 28x28xk.



          And that's the shrink suggested by Ng.



          Again to fully reply to your question, the math is simple, just apply the theory of the convolution using 3D filters. Sum of multiplication of overlapping elements between filter and image.



          Edit: Simple example



          I am going to show you a simple example of the operations that occur during the deep convolution between M, a tensor of dimension (z= 2, x=2, y=2), where you can see z as your k that you want to shrink to 1 and W, a filter of dimension (2, 1, 1). You will have to implement your own function with a loop to operate the stride of the filter.



          import numpy as np

          M = np.array([[[1, 2],[3, 4]], [[5, 6],[7, 8]]])
          W = np.array([[[2.]],[[3.]]])

          C = np.ones(shape=(2, 2))

          c[0,0] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 0]*w.T)
          c[0,1] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 1]*w.T)
          c[1,0] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 0]*w.T)
          c[1,1] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 1]*w.T)


          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer






















          • Yep! The catch here is that 2D filters isn't exactly 2D... And that confuses people
            – Aditya
            Sep 23 at 3:36










          • I'm trying to achive this with matrix multiplication. And there is noway I can get to 28x28xK what's the calculation that shrinks it? If you look at @André answer, then what's g?
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 7:46










          • You get the shrinking because the result of convolution between overlapping regions between a tensor of depth k and a filter of depth k is a matrix with depth 1! For each region you get a scalar, and all together they form a matrix. So you shrink from k to 1! To obtain a result of depth X, you just stack the result of X filters.
            – Francesco Pegoraro
            Sep 23 at 14:07











          • @Francesco Pegoraro Show me some real calculation. I have matrix 28x28x192. When I multiply it with 1x1x192 then i get 28x28x192. No Scalar. Show me how I get scalar please.
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:30











          • best thing would be to show PyTorch code that compiles W x W x K matrix into W x W matrix :)
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:40














          up vote
          3
          down vote



          accepted










          Let's go back at normal convolution: let's say you have a 28x28x3 image (3 = R,G,B).



          I don't use torch, but keras, but the principle applies I think.



          When you apply a 2D Convolution, passing the size of the filter, for example 3x3, the framework adapt your filter from 3x3 to 3x3x3! Where the last 3 it's due to the dept of the image.



          The same happens when, after a first layer of convolution with 100 filters, you obtain an image of size 28x28x100, at the second convolution layer you decide only the first two dimension of the filter, let's say 4x4. The framework instead, applies a filter of dimension 4x4x100!



          So, to reply at your question, if you apply 1x1 convolution to 28x28x100, passing number of filters of k. You obtain an activation map (result) of dimension 28x28xk.



          And that's the shrink suggested by Ng.



          Again to fully reply to your question, the math is simple, just apply the theory of the convolution using 3D filters. Sum of multiplication of overlapping elements between filter and image.



          Edit: Simple example



          I am going to show you a simple example of the operations that occur during the deep convolution between M, a tensor of dimension (z= 2, x=2, y=2), where you can see z as your k that you want to shrink to 1 and W, a filter of dimension (2, 1, 1). You will have to implement your own function with a loop to operate the stride of the filter.



          import numpy as np

          M = np.array([[[1, 2],[3, 4]], [[5, 6],[7, 8]]])
          W = np.array([[[2.]],[[3.]]])

          C = np.ones(shape=(2, 2))

          c[0,0] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 0]*w.T)
          c[0,1] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 1]*w.T)
          c[1,0] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 0]*w.T)
          c[1,1] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 1]*w.T)


          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer






















          • Yep! The catch here is that 2D filters isn't exactly 2D... And that confuses people
            – Aditya
            Sep 23 at 3:36










          • I'm trying to achive this with matrix multiplication. And there is noway I can get to 28x28xK what's the calculation that shrinks it? If you look at @André answer, then what's g?
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 7:46










          • You get the shrinking because the result of convolution between overlapping regions between a tensor of depth k and a filter of depth k is a matrix with depth 1! For each region you get a scalar, and all together they form a matrix. So you shrink from k to 1! To obtain a result of depth X, you just stack the result of X filters.
            – Francesco Pegoraro
            Sep 23 at 14:07











          • @Francesco Pegoraro Show me some real calculation. I have matrix 28x28x192. When I multiply it with 1x1x192 then i get 28x28x192. No Scalar. Show me how I get scalar please.
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:30











          • best thing would be to show PyTorch code that compiles W x W x K matrix into W x W matrix :)
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:40












          up vote
          3
          down vote



          accepted







          up vote
          3
          down vote



          accepted






          Let's go back at normal convolution: let's say you have a 28x28x3 image (3 = R,G,B).



          I don't use torch, but keras, but the principle applies I think.



          When you apply a 2D Convolution, passing the size of the filter, for example 3x3, the framework adapt your filter from 3x3 to 3x3x3! Where the last 3 it's due to the dept of the image.



          The same happens when, after a first layer of convolution with 100 filters, you obtain an image of size 28x28x100, at the second convolution layer you decide only the first two dimension of the filter, let's say 4x4. The framework instead, applies a filter of dimension 4x4x100!



          So, to reply at your question, if you apply 1x1 convolution to 28x28x100, passing number of filters of k. You obtain an activation map (result) of dimension 28x28xk.



          And that's the shrink suggested by Ng.



          Again to fully reply to your question, the math is simple, just apply the theory of the convolution using 3D filters. Sum of multiplication of overlapping elements between filter and image.



          Edit: Simple example



          I am going to show you a simple example of the operations that occur during the deep convolution between M, a tensor of dimension (z= 2, x=2, y=2), where you can see z as your k that you want to shrink to 1 and W, a filter of dimension (2, 1, 1). You will have to implement your own function with a loop to operate the stride of the filter.



          import numpy as np

          M = np.array([[[1, 2],[3, 4]], [[5, 6],[7, 8]]])
          W = np.array([[[2.]],[[3.]]])

          C = np.ones(shape=(2, 2))

          c[0,0] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 0]*w.T)
          c[0,1] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 1]*w.T)
          c[1,0] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 0]*w.T)
          c[1,1] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 1]*w.T)


          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer














          Let's go back at normal convolution: let's say you have a 28x28x3 image (3 = R,G,B).



          I don't use torch, but keras, but the principle applies I think.



          When you apply a 2D Convolution, passing the size of the filter, for example 3x3, the framework adapt your filter from 3x3 to 3x3x3! Where the last 3 it's due to the dept of the image.



          The same happens when, after a first layer of convolution with 100 filters, you obtain an image of size 28x28x100, at the second convolution layer you decide only the first two dimension of the filter, let's say 4x4. The framework instead, applies a filter of dimension 4x4x100!



          So, to reply at your question, if you apply 1x1 convolution to 28x28x100, passing number of filters of k. You obtain an activation map (result) of dimension 28x28xk.



          And that's the shrink suggested by Ng.



          Again to fully reply to your question, the math is simple, just apply the theory of the convolution using 3D filters. Sum of multiplication of overlapping elements between filter and image.



          Edit: Simple example



          I am going to show you a simple example of the operations that occur during the deep convolution between M, a tensor of dimension (z= 2, x=2, y=2), where you can see z as your k that you want to shrink to 1 and W, a filter of dimension (2, 1, 1). You will have to implement your own function with a loop to operate the stride of the filter.



          import numpy as np

          M = np.array([[[1, 2],[3, 4]], [[5, 6],[7, 8]]])
          W = np.array([[[2.]],[[3.]]])

          C = np.ones(shape=(2, 2))

          c[0,0] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 0]*w.T)
          c[0,1] = np.sum(M[:, 0, 1]*w.T)
          c[1,0] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 0]*w.T)
          c[1,1] = np.sum(M[:, 1, 1]*w.T)


          enter image description here







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Sep 23 at 22:42

























          answered Sep 22 at 15:34









          Francesco Pegoraro

          51217




          51217











          • Yep! The catch here is that 2D filters isn't exactly 2D... And that confuses people
            – Aditya
            Sep 23 at 3:36










          • I'm trying to achive this with matrix multiplication. And there is noway I can get to 28x28xK what's the calculation that shrinks it? If you look at @André answer, then what's g?
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 7:46










          • You get the shrinking because the result of convolution between overlapping regions between a tensor of depth k and a filter of depth k is a matrix with depth 1! For each region you get a scalar, and all together they form a matrix. So you shrink from k to 1! To obtain a result of depth X, you just stack the result of X filters.
            – Francesco Pegoraro
            Sep 23 at 14:07











          • @Francesco Pegoraro Show me some real calculation. I have matrix 28x28x192. When I multiply it with 1x1x192 then i get 28x28x192. No Scalar. Show me how I get scalar please.
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:30











          • best thing would be to show PyTorch code that compiles W x W x K matrix into W x W matrix :)
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:40
















          • Yep! The catch here is that 2D filters isn't exactly 2D... And that confuses people
            – Aditya
            Sep 23 at 3:36










          • I'm trying to achive this with matrix multiplication. And there is noway I can get to 28x28xK what's the calculation that shrinks it? If you look at @André answer, then what's g?
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 7:46










          • You get the shrinking because the result of convolution between overlapping regions between a tensor of depth k and a filter of depth k is a matrix with depth 1! For each region you get a scalar, and all together they form a matrix. So you shrink from k to 1! To obtain a result of depth X, you just stack the result of X filters.
            – Francesco Pegoraro
            Sep 23 at 14:07











          • @Francesco Pegoraro Show me some real calculation. I have matrix 28x28x192. When I multiply it with 1x1x192 then i get 28x28x192. No Scalar. Show me how I get scalar please.
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:30











          • best thing would be to show PyTorch code that compiles W x W x K matrix into W x W matrix :)
            – Mihkel L.
            Sep 23 at 18:40















          Yep! The catch here is that 2D filters isn't exactly 2D... And that confuses people
          – Aditya
          Sep 23 at 3:36




          Yep! The catch here is that 2D filters isn't exactly 2D... And that confuses people
          – Aditya
          Sep 23 at 3:36












          I'm trying to achive this with matrix multiplication. And there is noway I can get to 28x28xK what's the calculation that shrinks it? If you look at @André answer, then what's g?
          – Mihkel L.
          Sep 23 at 7:46




          I'm trying to achive this with matrix multiplication. And there is noway I can get to 28x28xK what's the calculation that shrinks it? If you look at @André answer, then what's g?
          – Mihkel L.
          Sep 23 at 7:46












          You get the shrinking because the result of convolution between overlapping regions between a tensor of depth k and a filter of depth k is a matrix with depth 1! For each region you get a scalar, and all together they form a matrix. So you shrink from k to 1! To obtain a result of depth X, you just stack the result of X filters.
          – Francesco Pegoraro
          Sep 23 at 14:07





          You get the shrinking because the result of convolution between overlapping regions between a tensor of depth k and a filter of depth k is a matrix with depth 1! For each region you get a scalar, and all together they form a matrix. So you shrink from k to 1! To obtain a result of depth X, you just stack the result of X filters.
          – Francesco Pegoraro
          Sep 23 at 14:07













          @Francesco Pegoraro Show me some real calculation. I have matrix 28x28x192. When I multiply it with 1x1x192 then i get 28x28x192. No Scalar. Show me how I get scalar please.
          – Mihkel L.
          Sep 23 at 18:30





          @Francesco Pegoraro Show me some real calculation. I have matrix 28x28x192. When I multiply it with 1x1x192 then i get 28x28x192. No Scalar. Show me how I get scalar please.
          – Mihkel L.
          Sep 23 at 18:30













          best thing would be to show PyTorch code that compiles W x W x K matrix into W x W matrix :)
          – Mihkel L.
          Sep 23 at 18:40




          best thing would be to show PyTorch code that compiles W x W x K matrix into W x W matrix :)
          – Mihkel L.
          Sep 23 at 18:40

















           

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