The indigenous peoples of Oceania are Polynesians, Melanesians, Micronesians, Papuans and Australian Aborigines. With the notable exceptions of Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, New Caledonia and Guam, indigenous peoples make up the majority of the populations of Oceania.
The term "Pacific Islanders" excludes Australian Aborigines, and may be understood to include non-indigenous populations of the Pacific Islands.
Contents
1History
2See also
3References
4External links
History
Main articles: History of Oceania and History of the Pacific Islands
Both Australia and the islands of the Pacific Ocean were colonized in waves of migrations from Southeast Asia spanning many centuries. European and Japanese colonial expansion brought most of the region under foreign administration, in some cases as settler colonies which displaced or marginalized the original populations. During the 20th century several of these former colonies gained independence and nation-states were formed under local control. However, various peoples have put forward claims for indigenous recognition where their islands are still under external administration; examples include the Chamorros of Guam and the Northern Marianas, and the Marshallese of the Marshall Islands and the Native Hawaiians of Hawaii.
In New Zealand, the indigenous Māori (see also Iwi) constitute nearly 15% of the total population. Most of those people who define themselves as Māori are also of European and to a much lesser extent Asian descent.
The indigenous peoples of Australia are the Indigenous Australians, who account for 2.5% of the total population (2011 census figures). The term 'Indigenous Australians' refers to both the Aboriginal peoples of mainland Australia and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Of the total 'Indigenous Australian' population, 90% identified as Aboriginal only, 6% identified as Torres Strait Islander and the remaining 4% identified as being of both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin.[1]
The independent state of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a majority population of indigenous societies, with some 700+ different tribal groups recognised out of a total population of just over 5 million. The PNG Constitution and other Acts identify traditional or custom-based practices and land tenure, and explicitly sets out to promote the viability of these traditional societies within the modern state. However, several conflicts and disputes concerning land use and resource rights continue to be observed between indigenous groups, the government and corporate entities.
See also
List of indigenous peoples#Oceania
Pacific Islander
References
^2011 CENSUS COUNTS — ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER PEOPLES, Australian Bureau of Statistics website, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/lookup/2075.0main+features32011
External links
Dutch Centre for Indigenous Peoples (NCIV)
Speaking4Earth: action site for indigenous issues
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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Indigenous peoples of the world by continent
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
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Culture of indigenous Oceania
List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
Art
Ahu
Australia
Austronesia
Cook Islands
Hawaiʻi
kapa (Hawaiʻi)
Lei
magimagi
moai
New Zealand
Māori
nguzu nguzu
Oceania
Papua New Guinea
reimiro
tā moko
tabua
taʻovala
tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]
tattoo
tēfui
tivaevae
Broad culture
areca nut
kava, " ʻawa" (Hawaii), "yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
Kava culture
Lapita
Māori
Polynesia
Polynesian navigation
Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
wood carving
Geo-specific, general
Australia
Australian Aboriginal astronomy)
Austronesia
Caroline Islands, -Pwo
Chatham Islands
Cook Islands
Easter Island
Fiji
Lau Islands
traditions and ceremonies
Guam
Hawaiʻi
Lomilomi massage
Kiribati
French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
Marshall Islands
Stick charts of
Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Niue
Norfolk Island
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Pitcairn Islands
Sāmoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Torres Strait Islands
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Wallis and Futuna
Yap
navigation
Weriyeng navigation school
Canoes
Aboriginal dugout
Alingano Maisu
Bangka
Drua
Dugout (boat)
Hawaiʻiloa
Hōkūleʻa
Kaep
Karakoa
Malia (Hawaiian)
Māori migration
Outrigger
Paraw
Polynesian sailing
Proa
Vinta
Waka
list
Walap
Dance
'Aparima
cibi
fara
fire dancing
firewalking
haka
hivinau
hula
kailao
kapa haka
Kiribati
meke
'ote'a
pa'o'a
poi
Rotuma
siva
Tahiti
tāmūrē
tautoga
Tonga
'upa'upa
Festivals
Australia
Garma Festival
Hawaiʻi
Aloha Festivals
Merrie Monarch Festival
World Invitational Hula Festival
Fiji
New Zealand
Pasifika Festival
Te Matatini
Pacific Community
Festival of Pacific Arts
Papua New Guinea
Languages
by area
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Languages of Oceania
Sovereign states
Australia
Federated States of Micronesia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Associated states of New Zealand
Cook Islands
Niue
Dependencies and other territories
American Samoa
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Easter Island
French Polynesia
Guam
Hawaii
New Caledonia
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Pitcairn Islands
Tokelau
Wallis and Futuna
by category
Languages of Oceania
Literature
v
t
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Literature of Oceania
Sovereign states
Australia
Federated States of Micronesia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Associated states of New Zealand
Cook Islands
Niue
Dependencies and other territories
American Samoa
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Easter Island
French Polynesia
Guam
Hawaii
New Caledonia
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Pitcairn Islands
Tokelau
Wallis and Futuna
Music
Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
Australia
Austronesia
Cook Islands
Easter Island
Fiji
Guam
Hawaiʻi
Kiribati
Lali
Melanesia
Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Māori
Niue
Northern Mariana Islands
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Polynesia
Sāmoa
Slit drum
Solomon Islands
Tahiti
Tokelau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Wallis and Futuna
Mythology
Australian Aboriginal
Fijian
Hawaiian
Mangarevan
Maohi
Māori
Melanesian
Menehune
Micronesian
Oceanian legendary creatures
Polynesian
Rapa Nui
Samoan
Tuvaluan
Vanuatuan
Research
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
People
Indigneous Australian
Austronesian
Sama-Bajau
Chamorro
Chatham Islander (Moriori or Rekohu)
Fijian (iTaukei)
Igorot
Hawaiian (kānaka maoli)
Māori
Marshallese
Melanesian
Micronesian
Negrito
Norfolk Islander
Papuan
Polynesian
Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
Rapa Nui
Rotuman
Ryukyuan
Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
Tahitian
Taiwanese aborigines
Tongan
Torres Strait Islander
Yami
Religion
v
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Religion in Oceania
Sovereign states
Australia
Federated States of Micronesia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Associated states of New Zealand
Cook Islands
Niue
Dependencies and other territories
American Samoa
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Easter Island
French Polynesia
Guam
Hawaii
New Caledonia
Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands
Pitcairn Islands
Tokelau
Wallis and Futuna
Not included: Oceanian: cinema, (indigenous) currency, dress, folkore, cuisine. Also see Category:Oceanian culture.
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For other uses, see Bahrain (disambiguation). Sovereign island state in the Persian Gulf Kingdom of Bahrain مملكة البحرين (Arabic) Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn Flag Coat of arms Anthem: نشيد البحرين الوطني Bahrainona Our Bahrain Location of Bahrain (circled in red) Capital and largest city Manama 26°13′N 50°35′E / 26.217°N 50.583°E / 26.217; 50.583 Official languages Arabic Ethnic groups (2010 [1] ) 50.7% Arab (46% Bahrani, 4.7% other Arabs) 45.5% Asian 1% European 1.2% Others Religion Islam Demonym(s) Bahraini Government Unitary constitutional monarchy • King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa • Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa • Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Legislature National Assembly • Upper house Consultative Council • Lower house Council of Representatives Independence • Declared Independence [2] 14 August 1971 • from United Kingdom [1] 15 August 1971 • Admitted to the United Nations 21 September 1971 • Kingdom of Bahrain 14 February 2002
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP up vote 0 down vote favorite I am trying to setup postfix to relay all mail generated on the local machine via SMTP to a mailgun relay. I have used the mailgun relay before with success on an ubuntu server, but I am migrating to a Centos 7 server which I will be running in FIPS mode. There error log is below, slightly sanitized. I have a small enough network that I choose to have each machine reach out to mailgun individually (this the loopback-only, 127.0.0.0/8 restrictions) and no firewall open port allowing smtp in to the machine. I assume the FIPS mode (and with it disabling of MD5) is causing problems, but I don't know how to overcome it or if it is even possible for tls_fprint to use some supported hash such as sha256 or sha512. However, the relay=none is slightly concerning since I have relayhost set, but perhaps that is because the smtp process is failing? Any help would be appreciated! postconf -n: alias_database = hash:/etc/alia