Avant-garde jazz
| Avant-garde jazz | |
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| Cultural origins | Mid-1950s United States |
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Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz) is a style of music and improvisation that combines avant-garde art music and composition with jazz.[1] It originated in the 1950s and developed through the 1960s.[2] Originally synonymous with free jazz, much avant-garde jazz was distinct from that style.[3]
Contents
1 History
1.1 1950s
1.2 1960s
2 Notable avant-jazz musicians and groups
3 Bibliography
4 See also
5 References
History
1950s
Avant-garde jazz originated in the mid- to late 1950s among a group of improvisors who rejected the conventions of bebop and post bop in an effort to blur the division between the written and the spontaneous. It came to be applied to music differing from free jazz, emphasizing structure and organization by the use of composed melodies, shifting but nevertheless predetermined meters and tonalities, and distinctions between soloists and accompaniment. Musicians identified with this early stage of the style include Cecil Taylor, Lennie Tristano, Jimmy Giuffre, Sun Ra, and Ornette Coleman.[4]
1960s
John Coltrane's experimental work was influential during this decade. Alice Coltrane, his wife, was an advocate along with other saxophonists Archie Shepp, Pharoah Sanders and Albert Ayler. In Chicago, the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians began pursuing their own variety of avant-garde jazz. The AACM musicians (Muhal Richard Abrams, Anthony Braxton, Roscoe Mitchell, Hamid Drake, and the Art Ensemble of Chicago) tended towards eclecticism. Poet Amiri Baraka, an important figure in the Black Arts Movement,[5] recorded spoken word tracks with the New York Art Quartet (“Black Dada Nihilismus,” 1964, ESP) and Sonny Murray (“Black Art,” 1965, Jihad).[6]
Notable avant-jazz musicians and groups
- Muhal Richard Abrams
- George Adams
- Fred Anderson
- Albert Ayler
- Bablicon
- Derek Bailey
- Han Bennink
- Lee Konitz
- Karl Berger
- Ed Blackwell
- Carla Bley
- Hamiett Bluiett
- Lester Bowie
- Anthony Braxton
- Peter Brötzmann
- Marion Brown
- Don Cherry (trumpeter)
- Ornette Coleman
- John Coltrane
- Billie Davies
- Anthony Davis
- Ernest Dawkins
- Bill Dixon
- Eric Dolphy
- Malachi Favors
- Scott Fields
- Mike Garson
- Charles Gayle
- John Gilmore
- Globe Unity Orchestra
- Charlie Haden
- Joe Harriott
- Andrew Hill
- David Izenzon
- Joseph Jarman
- Leroy Jenkins
- Theo Jörgensmann
- Rahsaan Roland Kirk
- Steve Lacy
- Jeanne Lee
- Steve McCall
- Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre
- Jackie McLean
- Joe McPhee
- Myra Melford
- Misha Mengelberg
- Charles Mingus
- Roscoe Mitchell
- Grachan Moncur III
- Moondog
- Butch Morris
- David Murray
- Amina Claudine Myers
- James Newton
- Don Pullen
- Sam Rivers
- Roswell Rudd
- Pharoah Sanders
- Alexander von Schlippenbach
- Archie Shepp
- Matthew Shipp
- Wadada Leo Smith
- Sun Ra
- Horace Tapscott
- Cecil Taylor
- Henry Threadgill
- Arto Tunçboyacıyan
- Patty Waters
- John Zorn
Bibliography
- Berendt, Joachim E. (1992). The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to Fusion and Beyond. Revised by Günther Huesmann, translated by H. and B. Bredigkeit with Dan Morgenstern. Brooklyn: Lawrence Hill Books. .mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
ISBN 1-55652-098-0 - Kofsky, Frank (1970). Black Nationalism and the Revolution in Music. New York: Pathfinder Press.
- Mandel, Howard (2008). Miles, Ornette, Cecil: Jazz Beyond Jazz. Preface by Greg Tate. New York City: Routledge.
ISBN 0415967147
See also
- Free jazz
- European free jazz
- BYG Actuel
- ESP-Disk
References
^ Choice, Harriet (Sep 17, 1971). "'Black Music' or 'Jazz'". Chicago Tribune.
^ Cook, Richard (2005). Richard Cook's Jazz Encyclopedia. London: Penguin Books. p. 25. ISBN 0-141-00646-3.
^ Gridley, Mark C.; Long, Barry (n.d.). Grove Dictionary of American Music (second ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
^ Mark C. Gridley and Barry Long, "Avant-garde Jazz", The Grove Dictionary of American Music, second edition, supplement on Grove Music Online 4 October 2012.
^ "A Brief Guide to the Black Arts Movement". Poets.org. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^ Amiri Baraka, "Where's the Music Going and Why?", The Music: Reflections on Jazz and Blues. New York: William Morrow, 1987. p. 177-180.
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